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《喬布斯傳》節(jié)選:當(dāng)喬布斯遇上蓋茨
 作者: 沃爾特?艾薩克森    時間: 2011年10月26日    來源: 財富中文網(wǎng)
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史蒂夫?喬布斯和比爾?蓋茨之間的恩怨情仇堪稱亦敵亦友關(guān)系的最佳注解。本文獨(dú)家節(jié)選自沃爾特?艾薩克森的新書《喬布斯傳》,回顧了二人相識的經(jīng)歷。《喬布斯傳》已于10月24日全球同步上市。
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????

????比爾?蓋茨與史蒂夫?喬布斯之間錯綜復(fù)雜的關(guān)系始于上世紀(jì)70年代末,那時微軟(Microsoft)的主要收入來源還是為Apple II電腦編寫軟件。80年代初,喬布斯開始開發(fā)最早的麥金塔電腦,希望微軟能為它創(chuàng)造一套BASIC語言(即簡單易用的編程語言),并開發(fā)一些應(yīng)用軟件,比如文檔、圖表和數(shù)據(jù)處理程序。因此,他乘飛機(jī)前去西雅圖附近的微軟辦公室,與蓋茨會面,向后者闡述了麥金塔的迷人前景:它將是一款為大眾而開發(fā)的電腦,擁有圖形化的友好界面。蓋茨與喬布斯簽約,同意為后者開發(fā)生動形象的新版數(shù)據(jù)表和文字處理軟件,分別稱為Excel和Word,再加上BASIC語言。

????此后,蓋茨經(jīng)常前去庫比蒂諾的蘋果(Apple)總部,觀看麥金塔操作系統(tǒng)的實(shí)際展示效果,但他并不是很滿意。“我記得我們首次前往蘋果總部時,喬布斯展示了一款軟件——一些東西在屏幕上蹦來蹦去,”他告訴我。“那是當(dāng)時唯一一款能夠運(yùn)行的軟件。”喬布斯的態(tài)度也讓蓋茨不太自在。“那就像是一種詭異的‘誘惑之旅’,喬布斯想告訴我們的是,我們并不真的需要你。我們這件產(chǎn)品非常了不起,只不過不能完全透露給你看。他落入了史蒂夫?喬布斯的推銷模式,這種模式下,他放佛在說,‘我不需要你,但我或許會給你機(jī)會,讓你參與進(jìn)來。’”

????不過,對于微軟為麥金塔開發(fā)圖形化軟件的前景,兩人都深感振奮,認(rèn)為這將把個人電腦帶到一個新的發(fā)展階段,微軟調(diào)集了大量人員,專門負(fù)責(zé)此項工作。“我們從事麥金塔電腦相關(guān)開發(fā)的人員比蘋果還多,”蓋茨說。盡管喬布斯覺得這些微軟程序員流露出來的品味不怎么樣,但他們堅持不懈的精神值得嘉許。“他們拿出來的應(yīng)用軟件起初非常糟糕,”喬布斯回憶說,“但他們繼續(xù)努力,越做越好。”

????喬布斯與其員工互動的方式飄忽不定,頗有偏執(zhí)狂之風(fēng),蓋茨看在眼里,覺得他那幾次庫比蒂諾之旅很是有趣。“史蒂夫火力全開,狂開空頭支票,放言麥金塔將改變世界,瘋狂地讓手下員工加班再加班。公司里的氣氛非常緊張,人際關(guān)系也很復(fù)雜。”與蓋茨在一起的時候,喬布斯有時原本非常亢奮,隨后卻突然低落下來,向蓋茨吐露自己的恐懼。“那時候,周五我們常去庫比蒂諾,與喬布斯共進(jìn)晚餐。喬布斯總是會不遺余力地兜售,說一切都非常完美。可到了第二天,他百分百會像換了個人似的,開始焦慮不堪,‘哦,天哪,這東西能賣出去嗎?哦,天哪,我得提高價格才行。實(shí)在是太對不住了,我的團(tuán)隊里都是一幫傻瓜。’”

????當(dāng)時,微軟正在生產(chǎn)稱為DOS的著名操作系統(tǒng),并授權(quán)給IBM和各種兼容機(jī)使用。該系統(tǒng)建立于老式命令行界面之上,用戶需要與干巴巴的提示性語言打交道,比如C:\>之類。喬布斯及其團(tuán)隊與微軟開始密切合作之后,開始越來越擔(dān)心,微軟可能會抄襲麥金塔的圖形化用戶界面,推出相似的版本。麥金塔最初開發(fā)團(tuán)隊的成員安迪?赫茨菲爾德回憶說,微軟當(dāng)時負(fù)責(zé)與他聯(lián)系的人問的問題太過細(xì)致,總想了解麥金塔操作系統(tǒng)的具體運(yùn)作方式。“我告訴史蒂夫,我懷疑微軟可能會復(fù)制麥金塔,”赫茨菲爾德稱。

????他們的擔(dān)心并非沒有道理。蓋茨認(rèn)為,圖形化界面乃是未來發(fā)展方向,蘋果和微軟一樣,完全有權(quán)根據(jù)這一理念開發(fā)自己的產(chǎn)品。畢竟,歸根結(jié)底,這一理念也不是蘋果的原創(chuàng),而是施樂帕克研究中心(Xerox PARC)的杰作。因此,蓋茨事后坦率地承認(rèn),“我們基本上就是說,‘嘿,我們也看好圖形界面,我們也見識過施樂Alto啊。’”

????在最初的協(xié)議中,喬布斯說服了蓋茨,讓后者承諾:直至麥金塔電腦于1983年1月上市之后一年,微軟不得為蘋果之外的任何公司開發(fā)圖形化軟件。蘋果有點(diǎn)不走運(yùn),因?yàn)檫@一協(xié)議并未考慮到麥金塔發(fā)布日期可能會延遲一年時間,也就沒有相關(guān)條款。因此,蓋茨1983年11月宣布,微軟將會為IBM的個人電腦開發(fā)一款新型操作系統(tǒng),以窗口、圖標(biāo)和鼠標(biāo)點(diǎn)擊式操作方法為特征,強(qiáng)調(diào)圖形化界面,稱為Windows——根據(jù)協(xié)議,他有權(quán)這么做。

????喬布斯勃然大怒。他知道自己沒什么辦法改變蓋茨的決定,但他需要發(fā)泄。“快把蓋茨給我叫來,”他命令邁克?貝爾奇——蘋果與其他軟件公司聯(lián)絡(luò)及宣傳的負(fù)責(zé)人。蓋茨單刀赴會,一副很愿意與喬布斯討論這個問題的姿態(tài)。“他把我叫過去,對我大發(fā)脾氣,”蓋茨回憶說,“我趕到庫比蒂諾,就像是奉命去作御前演出。我告訴他,‘我們正在開發(fā)Windows’我還對他說,‘我們正把公司的命運(yùn)押注于圖形界面之上’。”

????這次會面發(fā)生于喬布斯的會議上,蓋茨一到那兒,就發(fā)現(xiàn)那里圍了十個蘋果員工,全都迫切希望看到自己的老板是怎樣教訓(xùn)蓋茨的。喬布斯也沒有讓手下失望。“你這是在竊取我們的成果!”他怒吼道,“虧我這么信任你,你現(xiàn)在竟敢從我們這里偷東西!”蓋茨安然坐在那里,直視著喬布斯的眼睛,然后用他那尖細(xì)的嗓音吐出了一句極為經(jīng)典的反駁。“唔,史蒂夫,我覺得這個問題可以換一個角度去看。我想事情是這樣的,我們都有個富裕的鄰居,名叫施樂。有一天我闖進(jìn)了他家,企圖偷走他的電視機(jī),卻發(fā)現(xiàn)你已經(jīng)捷足先登。”

????節(jié)選自沃爾特?艾薩克森2011年新書《喬布斯傳》(Steve Jobs),本文獲得了沃爾特?艾薩克森和西蒙-舒斯特出版公司(Simon & Schuster Inc)的授權(quán)。

????如想了解蓋茨-喬布斯更多恩怨情仇,以及他們最終分道揚(yáng)鑣的內(nèi)幕,請購買11月7日號出版的《財富》雜志(Fortune),或通過iTunes商店訂購該刊iPad版本。

????譯者:小宇

????The complex relationship between Bill Gates and Steve Jobs began in the late 1970s, when Microsoft was making most of its money writing software for the Apple II. When Jobs began developing the original Macintosh in the early 1980s, he wanted Microsoft to create for it a version of BASIC, an easy-to-use programming language, as well as some application software, such as word processing, charts, and spreadsheet programs. So he flew up to visit Gates in his office near Seattle and spun an enticing vision of what the Macintosh would be: a computer for the masses, with a friendly graphical interface. Gates signed on to do graphical versions of a new spreadsheet called Excel, a word-processing program called Word, as well as BASIC.

????Gates frequently went down to Cupertino for demonstrations of the Macintosh operating system, and he was not very impressed. "I remember the first time we went down, Steve had this app where it was just things bouncing around on the screen," he told me. "That was the only app that ran." Gates was also put off by Jobs's attitude. "It was kind of a weird seduction visit where Steve was saying we don't really need you and we're doing this great thing, and it's under the cover. He's in his Steve Jobs sales mode, but kind of the sales mode that also says, 'I don't need you, but I might let you be involved.'"

????Both men were excited by the prospect that Microsoft would create graphical software for the Macintosh that would take personal computing into a new realm, and Microsoft dedicated a large team to the task. "We had more people working on the Mac than he did," Gates said. And even though Jobs felt that they didn't exhibit much taste, the Microsoft programmers were persistent. "They came out with applications that were terrible," Jobs recalled, "but they kept at it and they made them better."

????Gates enjoyed his visits to Cupertino, where he got to watch Jobs interact erratically with his employees and display his obsessions. "Steve was in his ultimate pied piper mode, proclaiming how the Mac will change the world and overworking people like mad, with incredible tensions and complex personal relationships." Sometimes Jobs would begin on a high, then lapse into sharing his fears with Gates. "We'd go down Friday night, have dinner, and Steve would just be promoting that everything is great. Then the second day, without fail, he'd be kind of, 'oh shit, is this thing going to sell, oh God, I have to raise the price, I'm sorry I did that to you, and my team is a bunch of idiots'."

????At the time, Microsoft was producing an operating system, known as DOS, which it licensed to IBM (IBM) and compatible computers. It was based on an old-fashioned command line interface that confronted users with surly little prompts such as C:\>. As Jobs and his team began to work closely with Microsoft, they grew worried that it would copy Macintosh's graphical user interface and make its own version. Andy Hertzfeld, a member of the original Macintosh team, noticed that his contact at Microsoft was asking too many detailed questions about how the Macintosh operating system worked. "I told Steve that I suspected that Microsoft was going to clone the Mac," Hertzfeld recalled.

????They were right to worry. Gates believed that graphical interfaces were the future and that Microsoft (MSFT) had just as much right as Apple (AAPL) did to pursue the desktop metaphor idea that had, after all, had been originally developed at Xerox PARC (XRX), not at Apple. As he freely admitted later, "We sort of say, 'hey, we believe in graphics interfaces, we saw the Xerox Alto, too'."

????In their original deal, Jobs had convinced Gates to agree that Microsoft would not create graphical software for anyone other than Apple until a year after the Macintosh shipped in January 1983. Unfortunately for Apple, it did not provide for the possibility that the Macintosh launch would be delayed for a year. So Gates was within his rights when he revealed, in November 1983, that Microsoft planned to develop a new operating system for IBM PCs -- featuring a graphical interface with windows, icons, and a mouse for point-and-click navigation -- called Windows.

????Jobs was furious. He knew there was little he could do about it, but he lashed out nonetheless. "Get Gates down here immediately," he ordered Mike Boich, who was Apple's evangelist to other software companies. Gates came down -- alone and willing to discuss things with Jobs. "He called me down to get pissed off at me," Gates recalled. "I went down to Cupertino, like a command performance. I told him, 'we're doing Windows.' I said to him, 'we're betting our company on graphics interface'."

????Their meeting was in Jobs's conference room, where Gates found himself surrounded by ten Apple employees who were eager to watch their boss assail him. Jobs didn't disappoint his troops. "You're ripping us off!" he shouted. "I trusted you, and now you're stealing from us!" Gates just sat there coolly, looking Steve in the eye, before hurling back, in his squeaky voice, what became a classic zinger. "Well, Steve, I think there's more than one way of looking at it. I think it's more like we both had this rich neighbor named Xerox and I broke into his house to steal the TV set and found out that you had already stolen it."

????From Steve Jobs by Walter Isaacson Copyright ? 2011 by Walter Isaacson. Reprinted by permission of Simon & Schuster Inc.

????To read more about the fascinating Gates-Jobs relationship, and their poignant final hours together, pick up the November 7 issue of Fortune or purchase the iPad edition of the issue in the iTunes store.







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最佳評論

@關(guān)子臨: 自信也許會壓倒聰明,演技的好壞也許會壓倒腦力的強(qiáng)弱,好領(lǐng)導(dǎo)就是循循善誘的人,不獨(dú)裁,而有見地,能讓人心悅誠服。    參加討論>>
@DuoDuopa:彼得原理,是美國學(xué)者勞倫斯彼得在對組織中人員晉升的相關(guān)現(xiàn)象研究后得出的一個結(jié)論:在各種組織中,由于習(xí)慣于對在某個等級上稱職的人員進(jìn)行晉升提拔,因而雇員總是趨向于晉升到其不稱職的地位。    參加討論>>
@Bruce的森林:正念,應(yīng)該可以解釋為專注當(dāng)下的事情,而不去想過去這件事是怎么做的,這件事將來會怎樣。一方面,這種理念可以幫助員工排除雜念,把注意力集中在工作本身,減少壓力,提高創(chuàng)造力。另一方面,這不失為提高員工工作效率的好方法。可能后者是各大BOSS們更看重的吧。    參加討論>>


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《財富》(中文版)及網(wǎng)站內(nèi)容的版權(quán)屬于時代公司(Time Inc.),并經(jīng)過時代公司許可由香港中詢有限公司出版和發(fā)布。
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