“正念”是否只是曇花一現的管理潮流？
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????此外，麥肯齊表示，正念并非改變我們的思維方式，也不是“那種我們需要沉溺于其中的事情”。正念是我們已經擁有的，至少會偶然擁有的。目前所有培訓的目標，是進一步開發這種技巧，磨練在壓力下進行正念冥想的能力。麥肯齊據此提出了四種可以在辦公室使用的正念技巧： ????一次完全專注于一件事情。麥肯齊將其稱為“完全專注于當前的現實”——即不要執行多項任務，屏蔽腦海中那些喋喋不休告訴你哪些事情沒有完成的負面噪音。他說道，完全專注于當前的任務“可以消除無益的干擾，例如‘應該’如何解決一個問題等想法。”拋棄自我施加的限制，例如過去解決問題的方法等，“可以讓人們自然而然地以開放的心態接受新的、富有創意的解決方案?！?/p> ????轉換項目時暫停一下。在心理上陷入一個問題，會干擾人們以新鮮角度看待不同情況的本能。因此，正念要求人們從心理上與之前的活動徹底分離，然后再去專注于下一個活動。站起來走一走，或深呼吸一分鐘，都會有所幫助。 ????停止擔憂。很多時候，人們認為自己在思考問題，實際上只是白費力氣。麥肯齊說道：“我們認為，一遍遍地考慮問題就可以解決它。事實卻并非如此。”正念訓練的目的是教會人們跳出習慣思維模式，按照麥肯齊的說法，“通過創造性意識的自然流動”找出新的方法。 ????響應，而不是反應。麥肯齊說道：“死板僵化是創造力的天敵。當我們以為自己知道該做什么的時候，我們便陷入了僵化?！庇绕涫窃谖覀冏砸詾槭堑姆椒ú⒉蛔嘈У臅r候。而正念則與之相反，它“要人們拋棄‘我們知道最好的、唯一的解決方案’這種想法?！鼻宄赜^察局勢，質疑或撇開與之相關的假設，可以打開新的神經通路，產生新奇的想法。 ????正念的支持者們認為，通過正念可以提高效率，減少壓力，更有可能做出基于現實的決策，而不是基于一廂情愿的想法或恐懼做出決定。或許吧。要想知道正念是否只是流行一時的潮流，唯一的方法是等待，看看人們對它的熱情能否持久。麥肯齊的觀點明顯存在偏見，他認為這種已經存在數千年的潮流必定會存在很長時間，“因為它是有效的”。 ????無論如何，你當前的上司似乎認同這種做法，這個理由足以讓你接受它。如果正念確實能夠在減少焦慮的同時產生更多創意，希望它能一直存在下去。 ????反饋：你的雇主是否鼓勵“正念”？如果你曾接受過這方面的訓練，它對你的工作是否真有幫助？歡迎評論。（財富中文網） ????譯者：劉進龍/汪皓 |
????Moreover, it isn’t a matter of changing the way we think or “something we need to be sold on,” McKenzie notes. “Mindfulness is something we all have already, at least occasionally.” The goal of all the training that’s going on now is to develop more of it and hone the ability to tap into it under pressure. With that in mind, McKenzie suggests these four mindfulness techniques you can use at the office: ????Concentrate completely on one thing at a time. McKenzie calls this being “fully connected to the reality of the moment”—that is, not multitasking, and hushing those nagging, negative little voices in your head that tell you what can’t be done. A total focus on the task at hand “eliminates unhelpful distractions, such as our ideas about a how a problem ‘should’ be solved,” he says. Letting go of self-imposed constraints, like how things have been done in the past, “makes people naturally open to new and creative solutions.” ????Pause between projects. Getting mentally stuck on one problem interferes with humans’ natural ability to see different situations with fresh eyes. So mindfulness requires detaching mentally from one activity before starting to focus on another one. Standing up and walking around, or just deep breathing for a minute, can help. ????Stop worrying. People often believe they are thinking about a problem when they are, in fact, just spinning their wheels. “We think that thinking about a problem again and again and again will solve it,” says McKenzie. “It won’t.” Mindfulness training aims to teach people how to get out of their own way and let what McKenzie calls “our natural flow of creative consciousness” come up with a fresh approach. ????Respond, rather than react. “Rigidity is the opposite of creativity. We become rigid when we think we know what to do,” McKenzie says, especially when it isn’t working. Mindfulness, by contrast, is about “letting go of the belief that we know the best and only way to work something out.” Seeing a situation clearly, and questioning or putting aside assumptions about it, can open up new neural pathways that lead to novel ideas. ????Fans of mindfulness say practicing it makes people more productive, less stressed, and more likely to reach decisions that are based on reality rather than, for instance, on wishful thinking or fear. Maybe so. The only real way to know whether it’s just a fad is to wait and see whether the current wave of enthusiasm for it lasts. McKenzie, whose view is admittedly biased, thinks that a fad that is already thousands of years old will stick around for quite a while longer “because it works.” ????In any case, your current boss seems to agree, which is reason enough to keep an open mind. And if mindfulness really does produce more creativity with less angst, let’s hope it’s here to stay. ????Talkback: Does your employer encourage the practice of “mindfulness”? If you’ve been trained in it, has it helped you in your job? Leave a comment below. |
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