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???蘋果單獨列出了在勞工和人權(quán)方面所謂的“嚴(yán)重違規(guī)”行為： ????? 15家工廠的外籍務(wù)工人員向勞務(wù)代理機(jī)構(gòu)支付了超額招聘費用。 ????? 5家工廠曾有過13起使用未成年員工的案例，調(diào)查期間還發(fā)現(xiàn)了另外6起。在這些案例中，工廠都缺少行之有效的手段審查年齡，識別虛假證件。不過，蘋果強(qiáng)調(diào)，“沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)故意使用未成年員工的案例。” ????雖然絕大部分蘋果供應(yīng)商都存在不同形式的違規(guī)行為——例如，70%都沒有足額支付加班工資，但蘋果僅僅和其中一家“反復(fù)違規(guī)”的供應(yīng)商斷絕了供應(yīng)關(guān)系，但蘋果沒有透露這家工廠的名字。蘋果稱，另外一家屢次違規(guī)的供應(yīng)商正在“整改”。 ????調(diào)查不大可能封住所有批評者的嘴，例如獨角戲表演家麥克?戴西就宣稱蘋果檢查不過是例行公事，供應(yīng)商們早就提前聽到了風(fēng)聲，早就把童工藏起來了。盡管如此，蘋果仍然是我們所知道唯一一家每年都進(jìn)行檢查的美國電子公司。 ????最新進(jìn)展：法國網(wǎng)站MacGeneration披露了蘋果首席執(zhí)行官蒂姆?庫克致全體員工的郵件。庫克在郵件中論述了《供應(yīng)商社會責(zé)任調(diào)查報告》（the Supplier Responsibility Report）的內(nèi)容，并宣布蘋果已加入美國公平勞工協(xié)會（Fair Labor Association）。 ????“感謝我們供應(yīng)商社會責(zé)任調(diào)查小組的努力，我們看到了供應(yīng)商在雇工方面的顯著改善。為防止雇傭童工，我們的小組采訪了工廠工人，核查了員工記錄，審核了供應(yīng)商使用的年齡驗證系統(tǒng)。調(diào)查小組的努力收到了很大成效，雇傭童工的情況相比去年大幅減少。我們沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)總裝供應(yīng)商使用童工的情況，我們對雇傭童工行為決不姑息，堅決杜絕一切此類行為。” ????點擊查看庫克郵件全文。 ????最新進(jìn)展2：廣播電臺This American Life上周播出了《喬布斯的大喜與大悲》（The Agony and Ecstasy of Steve Jobs）的節(jié)選版。這出獨角戲由麥克?戴西出演，反映了蘋果供應(yīng)鏈企業(yè)的工作環(huán)境問題。這家電臺請戴西評價了蘋果最新出爐的報告。戴西稱： ????蘋果公布了供應(yīng)商的名錄，但對于自己審計了哪些公司，蘋果仍然秘而不宣。因此，人們依然無法了解蘋果供應(yīng)鏈中的任何新情況，無法核實任何事情，也無法對任何人問責(zé)。美國公平勞工協(xié)會也將審計蘋果的一小部分工廠，但它同樣不會公布接受審計的是哪些工廠。 ????如果蘋果少花點精力美化公眾形象，而是將心思花在真正實現(xiàn)透明和問責(zé)機(jī)制上，它才能成為電子行業(yè)真正的領(lǐng)袖。蘋果如今仍然在老調(diào)重彈：相信我們，我們最了解情況，一切正常。但他們并沒有如愿贏得人們的信任。 ????譯者：項航 |
????Apple separately listed what it called "core violations" of labor and human rights: ????? In 15 facilities it discovered foreign contract workers who had paid excessive recruitment fees to labor agencies. ????? In 5 facilities it discovered a total of 6 active and 13 historical cases of underage labor. In each case, the facility had insufficient controls to verify age or detect false documentation. Apple insists, however, that it found "no instances of intentional hiring of underage labor." ????Although most of Apple's suppliers were discovered to be in violation of one rule or another -- nearly 70%, for example, failed to pay proper overtime -- Apple severed relations with only one of them: an unnamed "repeat offender." There was a second repeat offender, but Apple claims to be "correcting" its practices. ????The audit is unlikely to satisfy critics like monologist Mike Daisey -- who reports that suppliers are routinely forewarned of Apple's inspections in time to hide their underage workers -- but the fact remains that the company is the only American electronics manufacturer we know of that bothers to conduct these yearly checks. ????UPDATE: A copy of CEO Tim Cook's letter to the staff addressing the contents of the Supplier Responsibility Report has surfaced through the French site MacGeneration. Cook announces that Apple has joined the Fair Labor Association and says, among other things. ????"Thanks to our supplier responsibility program, we've seen dramatic improvements in hiring practices by our suppliers. To prevent the use of underage labor, our team interviews workers, checks employment records and audits the age verification systems our suppliers use. These efforts have been very successful and, as a result, cases of underage labor were down sharply from last year. We found no underage workers at our final assembly suppliers, and we will not rest until the number is zero everywhere." ????Full text here. ????UPDATE 2: This American Life, which aired an excerpted version last week of The Agony and Ecstasy of Steve Jobs, Mike Daisey's one-man show about working conditions in Apple's supply chain, asked Daisey to comment on Apple's latest progress report. Here's what he had to say: ????Apple has released a list of its suppliers, but it still hides the companies it audited with anonymity. This makes it impossible to learn anything new about what is going on in Apple's supply chain, to verify anything, or hold anyone responsible. The FLA will audit a tiny percentage of Apple's factories, and also won't make public which factories they audit. ????If Apple would spend less energy finessing its public image, and instead apply its efforts to real transparency and accountability, it could be a true leader for the electronics industry. Apple today is still saying what it said yesterday: trust us, we know best, there's nothing to worry about. They have not earned the trust they are asking for. |
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