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????古普塔能夠用實打實的經濟案例來證實自己的觀點。在過去十年中，他的公司一直致力于幫助客戶擺脫一心二用的習慣，使得一些機構的生產力提高了50%或以上，如西門子（Siemens）、波音公司（Boeing）、達美航空公司（Delta）和美國空軍（U.S. Air Force），估計總共為這些企業帶來了35億美元的額外現金和利潤。

????舉兩個例子：通過重新設計流程，杜絕多管齊下，醫療軟件制造商美敦力公司（Medtronic）將其新品發布時間從九個月縮短到了兩個月。波音公司通過消除多管齊下的現象，將衛星制造的生產率提高了64%。

????古普塔稱：“毫無疑問，一次集中精力只做一件事情，能夠讓人們提高效率，帶來真正的競爭優勢?！焙芎?，但是在實踐中，如何下定決心減少一心二用的情況呢？

????“首先，弄清楚一心二用的原因，”古普塔建議道。他發現，實現咨詢公司的企業客戶中，造成這種情況的原因主要有兩個。

????“第一個原因是，因為缺乏充分的準備，沒法一鼓作氣完成工作，干到一半只能停下來，”古普塔說。“因此，你只好放下這個任務，去做別的事情。”

????補救方法：事先對任務進行分析，動手之前，確保完成任務所需的一切條件都已就緒。

????第二個主要原因——似乎也就是造成你一心多用的原因——即“老板對工作的輕重緩急缺乏明確的概念，因此他希望靠你同時處理多個任務來彌補這一點?！?/p>

????解決這個問題需要運用一些交際手段。下一次，如果你已經超負荷運轉，老板又丟給你別的工作，你就應當“坐下來跟他談談，讓他把各種任務按照優先級進行排序，”古普塔建議?！澳男┦伦钪匾?，需要立即完成，哪些任務可以稍后處理？”

????當然，也許無需問老板，你自己就能確定各項任務的優先次序。這種情況下，得習慣于設置自己的優先事項，然后按順序逐項完成。當然，這需要一些練習。畢竟，一心二用和其他習慣一樣，很難打破。但是，古普塔說：“你會發現，工作效率提高了，工作質量更好了，所有的努力是值得的?！弊Ｄ愫眠\。

發表評論：你是否認為自己是個多任務處理高手？你認為同時做多件事情，效率更高還是更低？請在下面發表評論。

????譯者：qian

????Gupta can back up his views on this with dollars-and-cents evidence. For the past 10 years, his company has been helping clients rid their projects of multitasking, which has boosted productivity at outfits like Siemens (SI), Boeing (BA), Delta, and the U.S. Air Force by 50% or more, adding an estimated total of $3.5 billion in extra cash and profits.

????A couple of examples: By redesigning processes to eliminate multitasking, medical software maker Medtronic (MDT) cut its new-product release time from nine months to two months. At Boeing, cutting out multitasking boosted productivity on the manufacture of satellites by 64%.

????"There is no question that concentrating on one thing at a time will make you more productive and give you a real competitive advantage," Gupta says. Fine, but in practical terms, how do you keep your resolution to cut down on multitasking?

????"First, take a look at why you are multitasking in the first place," he suggests. In the companies where Realizations does its consulting work, Gupta sees two main causes of doing several things at once.

????"The first one is, you interrupt yourself in the middle of a task because something is missing, so you aren't prepared to finish it," he says. "So you drop it and do something else."

????The remedy for that: Analyze the task in advance and make sure before you start that you have everything you'll need to carry it through to the end.

????The second chief cause -- and the one that seems to apply to your situation -- is that "your boss lacks clear priorities, so he expects you to multitask to make up for that."

????Fixing this will take some diplomacy on your part. The next time he throws you something else to do when you're already overloaded, "sit down with him and ask him to rank the various assignments in order of priority," Gupta advises. "Which are the most important things to get done immediately, and which ones can wait a bit?"

????Of course, you may well be able to determine this for yourself without asking, in which case you'll have to get used to setting your own priorities -- and then sticking with them. This will take some practice. Multitasking can, after all, be as hard a habit to break as any other. But, says Gupta, "you will find that your increased productivity, and better quality of work, is worth the effort." Good luck.

Talkback: Do you consider yourself a proficient multitasker? Do you find that doing several things at once makes you more productive, or less so? Leave a comment below.