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專欄 - 蘋果2_0

喬布斯后繼有人 萊文森接任蘋果董事長

 Philip Elmer-DeWitt 2011年11月18日

蘋果(Apple)公司內部流傳著一個老笑話,那就是史蒂夫·喬布斯周圍是一片“現實扭曲力場”:你離他太近的話,就會相信他所說的話。蘋果的數百萬用戶中已經有不少成了該公司的“信徒”,而很多蘋果投資者也賺得盆滿缽滿。不過,Elmer-DeWitt認為,在報道蘋果公司時有點懷疑精神不是壞事。聽他的應該沒錯。要知道,他自從1982年就開始報道蘋果、觀察史蒂夫·喬布斯經營該公司。
亞瑟?萊文森會打破蘋果的權力平衡嗎?讓我們來近距離考察一下這位蘋果新任董事長。

????? 喬布斯把自己罹患癌癥并決定嘗試替代療法的事情告訴了萊文森。他也是最早得知此事的人之一。根據艾薩克森的描述,萊文森“每天都懇求他”。爭吵幾乎毀掉了他們之間的友情。他對喬布斯說:“你不做手術光吃這些亂七八糟的藥是不可能解決問題的。這不符合癌癥發展的規律。”

????? 關于為何喬布斯等了九個月才做手術,他說:“我認為史蒂夫有一種很強烈的渴望,他希望這個世界能夠按他自己的愿望發展。但有時候這沒用,現實很殘酷。”

????? 關于喬布斯為何決定生產手機,他說:“喬布斯經常苦苦思索哪些產品可能讓我們公司陷入困境。”喬布斯得到的結論就是:“搶我們飯碗的可能是手機。人人都會隨時攜帶手機,這會使iPod顯得有些多余。”

????? 萊文森是力促喬布斯同意外部開發商參與iPhone項目的人之一。他說:“我跟他打了六七次電話來游說他,跟他談應用軟件的潛力。”他說,如果蘋果不支持外部開放商,總會有其他的智能手機廠商會這么做。

????? 喬布斯所做的讓步就是允許外部開發商來編寫應用程序,但程序首先要經過蘋果的測試和許可。萊文森稱:“這絕對是神來之筆。既能讓蘋果受益于思想的開放性,同時又能保證端到端的控制。”

????? 喬布斯要求流行科技網志Gizmodo歸還蘋果遺失的iPhone4原型機。“他會憑本能做出反應。這里邊有一種傲慢情結,深深植根于喬布斯的個性中。”萊文森稱,這種傲慢在蘋果處于劣勢地位時還好,但當蘋果在手機市場已經占據主導地位時就不行了。他說:“我們需要向大型公司轉型,同時解決自身的傲慢問題。”

????? 喬布斯遲遲不愿針對用戶抱怨iPhone4天線的問題作出回應。喬布斯當時正在夏威夷,但他與萊文森通過電話保持著“經常性的聯絡”。萊文森勸他要稍微謙虛一點:“讓我們試著弄清楚到底是哪里出了問題。”

????? 根據艾薩克森的撰述,在喬布斯參加的最后一次董事會會議上,萊文森也進行了發言,稱贊喬布斯在“確保公司平穩轉型”方面所做出的努力。

????譯者:李玫曉

????? Levinson was one of the first people Jobs told about his cancer and his decision to try alternative therapies. Levinson "pleaded every day" with him, according to Isaacson. The fights almost ruined their friendship. "You cannot solve this without surgery and blasting it with toxic chemicals," he told Jobs. "That's not how cancer works."

????? On why Jobs waited 9 months to have surgery. "I think Steve has such a strong desire for the world to be a certain way that he wills it to be that way. Sometimes it doesn't work. Reality is unforgiving."

????? On why Jobs decided to build a cell phone. "He was always obsessing about what could mess us up." The conclusion Jobs had come to: "The device that can eat our lunch is the cell phone. Everyone carries a phone, so that could render the iPod unnecessary."

????? Levinson was among those pushing for Jobs to open the iPhone up to outside developers. "I called him a half dozen times to lobby for the potential of the apps." If Apple didn't encourage them, he argued, another smartphone maker would.

????? On the compromise Jobs hit upon: Allow outsiders to write apps, but require that they first be tested and approved by Apple. "It was an absolutely magical solution that hit the sweet spot," Levinson says. "It gave us the benefits of openness while retaining end-to-end control."

????? On Jobs' decision to go after Gizmodo for buying the stolen iPhone 4: "He can react viscerally... There is an arrogance. It ties into Steve's personality." Such arrogance was fine when Apple was the feisty underdog, he argued, but not when Apple was dominant in the mobile market. "We need to make the transition to being a big company and dealing with the hubris issue."

????? On Jobs' reluctance to respond to complaints about the iPhone 4's antenna. Jobs was in Hawaii at the time, but in "constant contact" by phone with Levinson, who urged a little humility. "Let's try to figure out if there's something wrong."

????? At Jobs' final board meeting, Levinson was one of those who spoke, according to Isaacson, praising Jobs' diligence "in assuring that there was a smooth transition."

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