對于得克薩斯州大學(xué)城的居民來說,亞馬遜(Amazon)的無人機(jī)送貨項(xiàng)目測試,已經(jīng)是家常便飯。
大學(xué)城是亞馬遜無人機(jī)送貨項(xiàng)目的測試地點(diǎn)。得州農(nóng)工大學(xué)(Texas A&M University)就坐落于此。該項(xiàng)目于2022年啟動(dòng),其主要目標(biāo)是測試如何用無人機(jī)處理部分包裹。2023年,亞馬遜交付了多達(dá)約59億個(gè)包裹。該項(xiàng)目的理念至少理論上是用無人機(jī)將人們在亞馬遜上購買的日常家居用品和食品雜貨送貨上門。正如亞馬遜CEO安迪·賈西去年在致投資者的信中所說的那樣,Prime Air送貨無人機(jī)最終將使亞馬遜實(shí)現(xiàn)一小時(shí)內(nèi)送貨。賈西在年度致股東的信中寫道:“無人機(jī)送貨最開始肯定無法支持所有大小的包裹和所有地點(diǎn),但我們相信,隨著時(shí)間的推移無人機(jī)配送將無處不在。想象一下,客戶購買易腐壞的商品,可以在一小時(shí)內(nèi)送達(dá),這將給客戶的購物體驗(yàn)帶來什么變化?”
然而,與貨運(yùn)物流有關(guān)的大多數(shù)事情一樣,實(shí)際情況更加復(fù)雜。據(jù)美國消費(fèi)者新聞與商業(yè)頻道(CNBC)報(bào)道,對于大學(xué)城的127,000名居民而言,無人機(jī)的噪音讓他們深惡痛絕。
40歲的小鎮(zhèn)居民約翰·凱斯對美國消費(fèi)者新聞與商業(yè)頻道(CNBC)表示:“聽起來好像是一大群蜜蜂。你知道無人機(jī)來了,因?yàn)樗鼤?huì)發(fā)出巨大的噪音。”
另外一位大學(xué)城居民阿米娜·阿里漢形容無人機(jī)的噪音“就像是一只蒼蠅在你耳邊飛來飛去,而且你無法阻止。”
在近期內(nèi),噪音水平會(huì)進(jìn)一步提高。今年5月,亞馬遜向美國聯(lián)邦航空管理局(Federal Aviation Administration,F(xiàn)AA)提交了一份計(jì)劃書,將把無人機(jī)的飛行次數(shù)從每天200次增加到469次。
7月,針對亞馬遜的計(jì)劃,大學(xué)城市長約翰·尼科爾斯致信聯(lián)邦航空管理局。
尼科爾斯在信中寫道:“亞馬遜Prime Air項(xiàng)目的申請中提到可能提高無人機(jī)送貨頻率,本地居民一直在向市議會(huì)表達(dá)擔(dān)憂,他們擔(dān)心噪音水平會(huì)進(jìn)一步惡化,并且影響他們對其住宅的正常使用體驗(yàn)。”
在6月的市議會(huì)會(huì)議上,大學(xué)城的城市管理者布萊恩·C·伍茲表示,他進(jìn)行過多次無人機(jī)測試,發(fā)現(xiàn)它們的噪音水平在47至61分貝之間。耶魯環(huán)境健康與安全辦公室(Yale Environmental Health and Safety)的分貝級(jí)別表顯示,60分貝相當(dāng)于一間辦公室的噪聲水平。伍茲給他的測試結(jié)果加了一條限制,稱它們是“坊間”的測試結(jié)果。
據(jù)美國消費(fèi)者新聞與商業(yè)頻道(CNBC)報(bào)道,亞馬遜與大學(xué)城居民舉行過一次Zoom視頻會(huì)議,該公司的一位高管在會(huì)上對當(dāng)?shù)鼐用穹Q,該公司不會(huì)延長在該市的租約,并計(jì)劃在2025年10月前搬遷。
亞馬遜發(fā)言人山姆·斯蒂芬森表示,公司會(huì)“盡可能”考慮當(dāng)?shù)鼐用竦姆答仭K沟俜疑瓫]有否認(rèn)亞馬遜搬遷的可能性。“隨著項(xiàng)目的推進(jìn),我們正在考慮未來的各種可能性,包括搬到其他地方。”
今年5月,亞馬遜解決了在聯(lián)邦航空管理局的一項(xiàng)重大監(jiān)管障礙,為其擴(kuò)展無人機(jī)送貨項(xiàng)目掃清了道路。聯(lián)邦航空管理局批準(zhǔn)了亞馬遜的申請,允許其無人機(jī)在地面操控人員視線以外更遠(yuǎn)距離飛行。聯(lián)邦航空管理局在亞馬遜開發(fā)出一種可避免無人機(jī)碰撞的技術(shù)后批準(zhǔn)了其請求。其他多家正在研究無人機(jī)送貨系統(tǒng)的公司,包括Alphabet和沃爾瑪(Walmart)等,也為無人機(jī)開發(fā)出類似功能。
然而,其實(shí)早在因?yàn)樵胍魡栴}遭到投訴之前,亞馬遜Prime Air項(xiàng)目的開展并不順利。2013年,杰夫·貝佐斯在接受《60分鐘》(60 Minutes)欄目采訪時(shí)首次公布該項(xiàng)目,但之后該項(xiàng)目卻停滯了多年。當(dāng)時(shí)貝佐斯就曾預(yù)測,該項(xiàng)目需要多年時(shí)間才能完善,他預(yù)見到了許多復(fù)雜的問題。
貝佐斯對《60分鐘》欄目稱:“困難的部分在于保證所有冗余、可靠性和系統(tǒng)全部到位,你必須能確信:‘當(dāng)人們在社區(qū)散步的時(shí)候,它不會(huì)落在某個(gè)人的頭上。’發(fā)生這種情況可不是好事。”
2023年,Prime Air項(xiàng)目遭受重挫,當(dāng)時(shí)亞馬遜大幅削減成本,導(dǎo)致該部門被大量裁員。幾個(gè)月后,到2023年8月,兩位重要高管離職,其中包括所有測試業(yè)務(wù)的負(fù)責(zé)人。
大學(xué)城并非唯一一個(gè)因?yàn)楦蓴_當(dāng)?shù)鼐用穸萑肼闊┑腜rime Air測試場地。亞馬遜在加州洛克福德有一處類似的測試設(shè)施,這座小鎮(zhèn)位于薩克拉門托以南40英里,人口約有4,000人。據(jù)《華盛頓郵報(bào)》報(bào)道,在Prime Air將在當(dāng)?shù)赝斗乓慌鸁o人機(jī)的消息傳出后,當(dāng)?shù)鼐用裨?jì)劃將它們擊落。今年4月,亞馬遜徹底離開該小鎮(zhèn),宣布將把無人機(jī)測試地點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移到亞利桑那州托爾森。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:劉進(jìn)龍
審校:汪皓
對于得克薩斯州大學(xué)城的居民來說,亞馬遜(Amazon)的無人機(jī)送貨項(xiàng)目測試,已經(jīng)是家常便飯。
大學(xué)城是亞馬遜無人機(jī)送貨項(xiàng)目的測試地點(diǎn)。得州農(nóng)工大學(xué)(Texas A&M University)就坐落于此。該項(xiàng)目于2022年啟動(dòng),其主要目標(biāo)是測試如何用無人機(jī)處理部分包裹。2023年,亞馬遜交付了多達(dá)約59億個(gè)包裹。該項(xiàng)目的理念至少理論上是用無人機(jī)將人們在亞馬遜上購買的日常家居用品和食品雜貨送貨上門。正如亞馬遜CEO安迪·賈西去年在致投資者的信中所說的那樣,Prime Air送貨無人機(jī)最終將使亞馬遜實(shí)現(xiàn)一小時(shí)內(nèi)送貨。賈西在年度致股東的信中寫道:“無人機(jī)送貨最開始肯定無法支持所有大小的包裹和所有地點(diǎn),但我們相信,隨著時(shí)間的推移無人機(jī)配送將無處不在。想象一下,客戶購買易腐壞的商品,可以在一小時(shí)內(nèi)送達(dá),這將給客戶的購物體驗(yàn)帶來什么變化?”
然而,與貨運(yùn)物流有關(guān)的大多數(shù)事情一樣,實(shí)際情況更加復(fù)雜。據(jù)美國消費(fèi)者新聞與商業(yè)頻道(CNBC)報(bào)道,對于大學(xué)城的127,000名居民而言,無人機(jī)的噪音讓他們深惡痛絕。
40歲的小鎮(zhèn)居民約翰·凱斯對美國消費(fèi)者新聞與商業(yè)頻道(CNBC)表示:“聽起來好像是一大群蜜蜂。你知道無人機(jī)來了,因?yàn)樗鼤?huì)發(fā)出巨大的噪音。”
另外一位大學(xué)城居民阿米娜·阿里漢形容無人機(jī)的噪音“就像是一只蒼蠅在你耳邊飛來飛去,而且你無法阻止。”
在近期內(nèi),噪音水平會(huì)進(jìn)一步提高。今年5月,亞馬遜向美國聯(lián)邦航空管理局(Federal Aviation Administration,F(xiàn)AA)提交了一份計(jì)劃書,將把無人機(jī)的飛行次數(shù)從每天200次增加到469次。
7月,針對亞馬遜的計(jì)劃,大學(xué)城市長約翰·尼科爾斯致信聯(lián)邦航空管理局。
尼科爾斯在信中寫道:“亞馬遜Prime Air項(xiàng)目的申請中提到可能提高無人機(jī)送貨頻率,本地居民一直在向市議會(huì)表達(dá)擔(dān)憂,他們擔(dān)心噪音水平會(huì)進(jìn)一步惡化,并且影響他們對其住宅的正常使用體驗(yàn)。”
在6月的市議會(huì)會(huì)議上,大學(xué)城的城市管理者布萊恩·C·伍茲表示,他進(jìn)行過多次無人機(jī)測試,發(fā)現(xiàn)它們的噪音水平在47至61分貝之間。耶魯環(huán)境健康與安全辦公室(Yale Environmental Health and Safety)的分貝級(jí)別表顯示,60分貝相當(dāng)于一間辦公室的噪聲水平。伍茲給他的測試結(jié)果加了一條限制,稱它們是“坊間”的測試結(jié)果。
據(jù)美國消費(fèi)者新聞與商業(yè)頻道(CNBC)報(bào)道,亞馬遜與大學(xué)城居民舉行過一次Zoom視頻會(huì)議,該公司的一位高管在會(huì)上對當(dāng)?shù)鼐用穹Q,該公司不會(huì)延長在該市的租約,并計(jì)劃在2025年10月前搬遷。
亞馬遜發(fā)言人山姆·斯蒂芬森表示,公司會(huì)“盡可能”考慮當(dāng)?shù)鼐用竦姆答仭K沟俜疑瓫]有否認(rèn)亞馬遜搬遷的可能性。“隨著項(xiàng)目的推進(jìn),我們正在考慮未來的各種可能性,包括搬到其他地方。”
今年5月,亞馬遜解決了在聯(lián)邦航空管理局的一項(xiàng)重大監(jiān)管障礙,為其擴(kuò)展無人機(jī)送貨項(xiàng)目掃清了道路。聯(lián)邦航空管理局批準(zhǔn)了亞馬遜的申請,允許其無人機(jī)在地面操控人員視線以外更遠(yuǎn)距離飛行。聯(lián)邦航空管理局在亞馬遜開發(fā)出一種可避免無人機(jī)碰撞的技術(shù)后批準(zhǔn)了其請求。其他多家正在研究無人機(jī)送貨系統(tǒng)的公司,包括Alphabet和沃爾瑪(Walmart)等,也為無人機(jī)開發(fā)出類似功能。
然而,其實(shí)早在因?yàn)樵胍魡栴}遭到投訴之前,亞馬遜Prime Air項(xiàng)目的開展并不順利。2013年,杰夫·貝佐斯在接受《60分鐘》(60 Minutes)欄目采訪時(shí)首次公布該項(xiàng)目,但之后該項(xiàng)目卻停滯了多年。當(dāng)時(shí)貝佐斯就曾預(yù)測,該項(xiàng)目需要多年時(shí)間才能完善,他預(yù)見到了許多復(fù)雜的問題。
貝佐斯對《60分鐘》欄目稱:“困難的部分在于保證所有冗余、可靠性和系統(tǒng)全部到位,你必須能確信:‘當(dāng)人們在社區(qū)散步的時(shí)候,它不會(huì)落在某個(gè)人的頭上。’發(fā)生這種情況可不是好事。”
2023年,Prime Air項(xiàng)目遭受重挫,當(dāng)時(shí)亞馬遜大幅削減成本,導(dǎo)致該部門被大量裁員。幾個(gè)月后,到2023年8月,兩位重要高管離職,其中包括所有測試業(yè)務(wù)的負(fù)責(zé)人。
大學(xué)城并非唯一一個(gè)因?yàn)楦蓴_當(dāng)?shù)鼐用穸萑肼闊┑腜rime Air測試場地。亞馬遜在加州洛克福德有一處類似的測試設(shè)施,這座小鎮(zhèn)位于薩克拉門托以南40英里,人口約有4,000人。據(jù)《華盛頓郵報(bào)》報(bào)道,在Prime Air將在當(dāng)?shù)赝斗乓慌鸁o人機(jī)的消息傳出后,當(dāng)?shù)鼐用裨?jì)劃將它們擊落。今年4月,亞馬遜徹底離開該小鎮(zhèn),宣布將把無人機(jī)測試地點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移到亞利桑那州托爾森。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:劉進(jìn)龍
審校:汪皓
Tests for Amazon’s drone delivery program have become a regular fact of life for residents of College Station, Texas.
The town, which is home to Texas A&M University, is the testing ground for Amazon’s drone delivery program. The program started in 2022, and its main goal is to figure out how to use drones to fulfill some of the estimated 5.9 billion packages Amazon delivered in 2023. The idea, in theory at least, is that these unmanned drones would pick up an order for the usual household items and tchotchkes people order on Amazon and deposit them at their house. As CEO Andy Jassy told investors in a letter last year, the Prime Air delivery drones will eventually allow Amazon to deliver packages in under an hour. “It won’t start off being available for all sizes of packages and in all locations, but we believe it’ll be pervasive over time,” wrote Jassy in his annual shareholder letter. “Think about how the experience of ordering perishable items changes with sub-one-hour delivery?”
However, as with most matters relating to shipping logistics, the practice is much more complicated. And for the 127,000 people of College Station, the din from the drones has become a nuisance, according to CNBC.
“It sounds like a giant hive of bees,” John Case, who has lived in the town for 40 years, told CNBC. “You know it’s coming because it’s pretty loud.”
Another College Station resident, Amina Alikhan, described the noise to CNBC as “a fly coming by your ear over and over, and you can’t make it stop.”
The noise levels could get worse in the near future. In May, Amazon submitted a proposal to the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to increase the number of drone flights from 200 per day to 469.
In July, in response to Amazon’s proposal, College Station Mayor John Nichols wrote a letter to the FAA.
“With the potential to increase the frequency of drone deliveries to the amount stated in Amazon Prime Air’s request, residents have continued to voice their concerns to City Council that the noise levels will only get worse and will impact the enjoyment of their property,” Nichols wrote in the letter.
During a city council meeting in June, College Station city manager Bryan C. Woods said he conducted several tests of the drones and found their noise levels were between 47 and 61 decibels. Sixty decibels is roughly the same noise level of an office, according to a chart from Yale Environmental Health and Safety. Woods added a caveat to his findings by saying they were “anecdotal.”
Amazon held a Zoom call with residents of College Station, in which an executive told them the company would not renew its lease in the Texas metro and planned to move by October 2025, according to CNBC.
Amazon spokesperson Sam Stephenson said the company takes local feedback under consideration “wherever possible.” Stephenson left open the possibility Amazon could move to another location. “As our program evolves, we’re considering a variety of potential paths forward—including the possibility of alternate sites.”
In May, Amazon cleared a major regulatory hurdle with the FAA opening a path for it to expand its drone delivery program. The FAA approved Amazon’s request to have its drones fly greater distances outside the line of sight of the person piloting it on the ground. The FAA granted Amazon’s request after the company developed a technology that ensured the drones avoided collisions. Several other companies working on drone delivery systems, such as Alphabet and Walmart, have also developed similar capabilities for their drones.
However, even before the noise complaints, it hasn’t been entirely smooth sailing for Amazon’s Prime Air program. First announced by Jeff Bezos in 2013 during a 60 Minutes interview, the initiative’s progress stalled for several years. Even at the time Bezos predicted the project would take years to perfect, foreseeing numerous complexities.
“The hard part is putting in all the redundancy, all the reliability, all the systems you need to say, ‘Look, this thing can’t land on somebody’s head when they’re walking around their neighborhood,’” Bezos told 60 Minutes. “That’s not good.”
In 2023, Prime Air hit a major setback when it was caught up in an intense round of cost cutting across the company that resulted in numerous layoffs in the division. A few months later, in August 2023, two key executives left, including the one in charge of all testing operations.
College Station wasn’t the only Prime Air testing site that ran into trouble by disturbing local residents. Amazon had a similar testing facility in Lockeford, Calif., a town of about 4,000 people 40 miles south of Sacramento. When news broke that Prime Air was bringing a slew of drones to town, residents reportedly contemplated shooting them down, according to the Washington Post. In April, Amazon left the town altogether, announcing it was moving drone testing to Tolleson, Ariz.