本季度,美國一些頂級煉油廠正在縮減其設施的運營,這加劇了人們對全球原油供應過剩的擔憂。
美國最大煉油廠的所有者馬拉松原油公司(Marathon Petroleum Corp.)計劃本季度將其13家工廠的平均產(chǎn)能維持在90%左右,這是自2020年以來同期的最低水平。同樣,PBF Energy Inc.宣布正準備加工三年來最少的原油量,Phillips 66將煉油廠的運營降低至接近兩年來的最低水平,美國瓦萊羅能源公司(Valero Energy Corp.)預計將削減原油加工量。
這四家煉油廠的總產(chǎn)能約占美國汽油和柴油總產(chǎn)能的40%。
作為全球供需平衡的關鍵因素,美國燃料生產(chǎn)體系正因需求停滯和利潤率縮減而陷入困境。盡管歐佩克+(OPEC+)減產(chǎn),且地緣政治緊張局勢不斷加劇,但這種放緩態(tài)勢增加了原油供應過剩即將來臨的可能性,這一威脅仍將今年的油價漲幅限制在約7%左右。這一趨勢也與國際能源署(International Energy Agency)的預測相悖,該機構預計全球煉油商今年將每天多加工近90萬桶原油。
麥格理(Macquarie)全球油氣策略師維卡斯·德維韋迪(Vikas Dwivedi)在休斯頓接受采訪時說:“煉油利潤受到壓縮,這為美國煉油廠在秋季進行新一輪大規(guī)模維修創(chuàng)造了條件。這將對供需平衡帶來壓力,并可能增加美國今年余下時間的原油庫存。”
在中國這個全球最大的石油進口國,電動汽車和以液化天然氣為燃料的重型卡車日益普及,與此同時煉油廠關閉、改造和新增產(chǎn)能的時間錯配,導致將原油轉化為燃料的利潤率不斷縮減。
與此同時,即便有新的煉油廠在提升產(chǎn)量,預計全球原油供應到今年年底仍會增加。美國已將部分過剩的原油運往尼日利亞的丹格特(Dangote)大型煉油廠(該煉油廠一直在大肆開采二疊紀地層的石油),而墨西哥的多斯博卡斯煉油廠(Dos Bocas refinery)也將于今年投產(chǎn)。據(jù)彭博新能源財經(jīng)(Bloomberg NEF)的數(shù)據(jù),從2023年到2030年,預計全球每天將新增約490萬桶的凈產(chǎn)能,與印度目前的產(chǎn)量相當。
但這種緩解可能只是短暫的,因為圭亞那正在提高產(chǎn)量,而石油輸出國組織(OPEC)及其盟友計劃在第四季度將日產(chǎn)量恢復至約54萬桶。
雖然該計劃可能會有所變動,但這些新增產(chǎn)量預計會在頁巖油生產(chǎn)商從今年早些時候鉆探的油井中開采石油時進入市場。德維韋迪表示,美國預計今年年底的日產(chǎn)量將達到創(chuàng)紀錄的1380萬桶,比去年同期增加約60萬桶。
他表示,供應過剩的可能性正在降低地緣政治風險為原油價格帶來的溢價。
“市場不再愿意為此支付高額溢價,因為到目前為止,這種緊張局勢尚未導致原油產(chǎn)量減少。”德維韋迪說道,他預計第四季度布倫特原油基準價平均為每桶75美元,第二季度將跌至64美元。
按市值計算,美國最大的燃料制造商Phillips 66認為,利潤率下降是其下調產(chǎn)量預測的原因。該公司首席財務官凱文·米切爾(Kevin Mitchell)在公司第二季度財報電話會議上表示,由于煉油利潤"比我們近期看到的要低",這家總部位于休斯頓的公司計劃進行預防性維護。
馬拉松原油公司首席商務官里克·赫斯林(Rick Hessling)表示,該公司將在本季度以90%的“經(jīng)濟產(chǎn)能”運行,這是該時期多年來的低點。該公司還表示,中國經(jīng)濟仍然令人擔憂,歐佩克的原油產(chǎn)量回歸可能會在短期內引發(fā)一些波動。(財富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:中慧言-王芳
本季度,美國一些頂級煉油廠正在縮減其設施的運營,這加劇了人們對全球原油供應過剩的擔憂。
美國最大煉油廠的所有者馬拉松原油公司(Marathon Petroleum Corp.)計劃本季度將其13家工廠的平均產(chǎn)能維持在90%左右,這是自2020年以來同期的最低水平。同樣,PBF Energy Inc.宣布正準備加工三年來最少的原油量,Phillips 66將煉油廠的運營降低至接近兩年來的最低水平,美國瓦萊羅能源公司(Valero Energy Corp.)預計將削減原油加工量。
這四家煉油廠的總產(chǎn)能約占美國汽油和柴油總產(chǎn)能的40%。
作為全球供需平衡的關鍵因素,美國燃料生產(chǎn)體系正因需求停滯和利潤率縮減而陷入困境。盡管歐佩克+(OPEC+)減產(chǎn),且地緣政治緊張局勢不斷加劇,但這種放緩態(tài)勢增加了原油供應過剩即將來臨的可能性,這一威脅仍將今年的油價漲幅限制在約7%左右。這一趨勢也與國際能源組署(International Energy Agency)的預測相悖,該機構預計全球煉油商今年將每天多加工近90萬桶原油。
麥格理(Macquarie)全球油氣策略師維卡斯·德維韋迪(Vikas Dwivedi)在休斯頓接受采訪時說:“煉油利潤受到壓縮,這為美國煉油廠在秋季進行新一輪大規(guī)模維修創(chuàng)造了條件。這將對供需平衡帶來壓力,并可能增加美國今年余下時間的原油庫存。”
在中國這個全球最大的石油進口國,電動汽車和以液化天然氣為燃料的重型卡車日益普及,與此同時煉油廠關閉、改造和新增產(chǎn)能的時間錯配,導致將原油轉化為燃料的利潤率不斷縮減。
與此同時,即便有新的煉油廠在提升產(chǎn)量,預計全球原油供應到今年年底仍會增加。美國已將部分過剩的原油運往尼日利亞的丹格特(Dangote)大型煉油廠(該煉油廠一直在大肆開采二疊紀地層的石油),而墨西哥的多斯博卡斯煉油廠(Dos Bocas refinery)也將于今年投產(chǎn)。據(jù)彭博新能源財經(jīng)(Bloomberg NEF)的數(shù)據(jù),從2023年到2030年,預計全球每天將新增約490萬桶的凈產(chǎn)能,與印度目前的產(chǎn)量相當。
但這種緩解可能只是短暫的,因為圭亞那正在提高產(chǎn)量,而石油輸出國組織(OPEC)及其盟友計劃在第四季度將日產(chǎn)量恢復至約54萬桶。
雖然該計劃可能會有所變動,但這些新增產(chǎn)量預計會在頁巖油生產(chǎn)商從今年早些時候鉆探的油井中開采石油時進入市場。德維韋迪表示,美國預計今年年底的日產(chǎn)量將達到創(chuàng)紀錄的1380萬桶,比去年同期增加約60萬桶。
他表示,供應過剩的可能性正在降低地緣政治風險為原油價格帶來的溢價。
“市場不再愿意為此支付高額溢價,因為到目前為止,這種緊張局勢尚未導致原油產(chǎn)量減少。”德維韋迪說道,他預計第四季度布倫特原油基準價平均為每桶75美元,第二季度將跌至64美元。
按市值計算,美國最大的燃料制造商Phillips 66認為,利潤率下降是其下調產(chǎn)量預測的原因。該公司首席財務官凱文·米切爾(Kevin Mitchell)在公司第二季度財報電話會議上表示,由于煉油利潤"比我們近期看到的要低",這家總部位于休斯頓的公司計劃進行預防性維護。
馬拉松原油公司首席商務官里克·赫斯林(Rick Hessling)表示,該公司將在本季度以90%的“經(jīng)濟產(chǎn)能”運行,這是該時期多年來的低點。該公司還表示,中國經(jīng)濟仍然令人擔憂,歐佩克的原油產(chǎn)量回歸可能會在短期內引發(fā)一些波動。(財富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:中慧言-王芳
Some of the top US oil refiners are throttling back operations at their facilities this quarter, adding to concerns that a global glut of crude is forming.
Marathon Petroleum Corp. — owner of the largest US refinery — plans to operate its 13 plants at an average of 90% of capacity this quarter, the lowest for the period since 2020. Similarly, PBF Energy Inc. announced it’s preparing to process the least crude in three years, Phillips 66 will run its refineries near a two-year low and Valero Energy Corp. expects to trim oil processing.
Together, those four refiners account for about 40% of America’s capacity to churn out gasoline and diesel.
The US fuelmaking complex — a key factor in global supply-demand balances — is faltering as consumption stalls and profit margins shrink. The slowdown bolsters the possibility that an oversupply of crude is looming, a threat that has limited oil prices to a roughly 7% gain this year despite OPEC+’s production cuts and rising geopolitical tensions. The trend also bucks the International Energy Agency’s estimate that global fuelmakers will process almost 900,000 barrels a day more this year.
“Compressed refining margins are setting up the stage for another round of heavy refinery maintenance in the US during the fall season,” Vikas Dwivedi, Macquarie’s global oil and gas strategist, said in an interview in Houston. “That’s going to weigh on balances and may add to crude builds in the US for the rest of the year.”
Margins to convert crude into fuels are shrinking amid mismatches in the timing of refinery closures, conversions and new capacity additions at the same time as electric vehicles and heavy trucks fueled by LNG are growing in popularity in China, the world’s top oil importer.
At the same time, global supplies of crude are expected to rise through the end of the year, even as new refineries ramp up. The US has been able to ship some its surplus to Nigeria’s Dangote mega refinery — which has been feasting on oil from the Permian formation — and Mexico’s Dos Bocas refinery is slated to start production this year. In total, between 2023 and 2030, the world is expected to add about 4.9 million barrels a day of net capacity, roughly what India processes now, according to Bloomberg NEF.
But that relief may be short-lived as Guyana ramps up production while the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries and its allies plan to bring back about 540,000 barrels of daily output in the fourth quarter.
While the plan is subject to change, those barrels are slated to hit the market as shale producers bring on output from wells that were drilled earlier in the year. The US is expected to finish the year pumping a record 13.8 million barrels a day, about 600,000 barrels more than the same period last year, Dwivedi said.
The potential for supplies to outstrip demand is reducing the premium geopolitical risks have added to crude prices, he said.
“The market is no longer willing to pay a huge premium for that because the tensions haven’t so far resulted in a loss of barrels,” said Dwivedi, who sees benchmark Brent oil averaging $75 a barrel in the fourth quarter and dipping to $64 in the second quarter.
Phillips 66, the biggest US fuelmaker by market value, cited those softer margins as the rationale for its reduced output projections. The Houston-based company plans to carry out preventive maintenance as refining margins are “weaker that we’ve seen in a little while,” Chief Financial Officer Kevin Mitchell said during the company’s second-quarter earnings call.
Marathon “will run economically in 90%” capacity this quarter, which is a multi-year low for the period, Chief Commercial Officer Rick Hessling said. The company also said the Chinese economy remains a concern and the return of OPEC barrels could inject some volatility in the short term.