教育

學校企業化

????你身邊的中小學教育正變得更加市場化。

????首當其沖的是教師，他們需要遵守與企業類似的晉升制度來獲得升職。教齡不再是教育工作者能否達到“特級教師”級別的衡量標準，取而代之的是資質。（紐約的許多學校已經將這個理念付諸實施。在那里，教師被稱為“教學導師”。）加州大學伯克利分校教育研究院（UC Berkeley's graduate school of education）教授布魯斯?福勒說：“當然，這不僅意味著要淘汰不稱職的教師，而且還要提高教師的工作效率”。

????考試將變得更加集中——甚至會變得更加重要，州級評估考試將給國家考試讓路，而且以考核技能為主的測試將成為實現職業規劃的快速通道。“與大學學位相比，通過嚴格的資格認證考試獲得的證書在就業市場上將具有更高的價值，”非盈利教育機構可汗學院（Khan Academy）的薩爾?汗補充道。

????除此之外，由于高中畢業生并未掌握技術，企業有可能創辦自己的學校。比如沃爾瑪高中（Wal-Mart High）。有人報名嗎？

????——丹尼爾?羅伯茲

Education

Schools learn from businesses

????A more market-minded approach is coming to a K-12 classroom near you.

????It may start with teachers, who will move up the educational equivalent of a corporate ladder. Forget tenure; educators would instead build to "master teacher" level. (The idea already exists in many New York schools, where they're called "mentor teachers.") "It's not just meant to prune lousy teachers, but also to make them more effective," says Bruce Fuller, a professor at UC Berkeley's graduate school of education.

????Testing will become more centralized -- and potentially more important, state assessment exams will give way to national ones, and skills-based testing could fast-track careers. "Credentials based on rigorous certification exams will be more valuable in the job market than a college degree," adds Sal Khan of the education nonprofit Khan Academy.

????And corporations, frustrated by the skills gap of high school grads, may open schools of their own. Wal-Mart High, anyone?

????--Daniel Roberts