盼望復工的父母遭遇最大難題:家中兒童誰來看管?
一位新澤西州的單身面包師,因為要照顧兒子而接受了無薪水的休假。一名紐約州的大學員工在得知一家照顧她患有自閉癥女兒的托兒中心關門后,意識到此后她可能永遠不會再重返辦公室。一位猶他州的新媽媽犧牲假期時間來換取每天兩小時的休假。
新冠疫情帶來的兒童保育危機,有可能破壞美國經濟的重新對外開放。據美國城市研究所(Urban Institute)在全國范圍內調查的數據顯示,受疫情影響,超過三分之一的家庭因為要照顧孩子而不得不犧牲某位家庭成員的工作。
大部分州的公立學校在本學年的剩余時間里都不會開學,今年許多夏令營將不再開放。成千上萬的日間托兒所也被迫關閉,而有些則只對疫情期間依然堅守崗位的工作者的子女開放。此外,許多父母曾依賴的非正式親友網絡,如今在社交距離的限制下已經逐漸瓦解。
在新澤西州馬納霍金的一家ShopRite工作的夜間面包師丹?卡皮拉,如今只能選擇無薪休假。
疫情爆發前,他的父母輪流照顧卡皮拉7歲的兒子加文,但是現在他擔心這會增加他們感染病毒的風險,特別是他們還和他90歲的祖母生活在一起。
卡皮拉的經理允許他白天工作,但由于學校停課,所以這并不能幫到他。白天,卡皮拉需要在家指導兒子學習網課。他迫切地等待著夏天的到來,希望那時病毒已經消退,兒子能正常上學,父母也可以回到身邊。
“我的雙手被束縛住了,我沒有可靠的計劃。”卡皮拉說道。
這種不確定性將持續數月。多地的學校官員均表示,遠程學習可能至少會持續到下一學年的某個時間。
據美國幼兒教育協會(National Association for the Education of Young Children)估計,全國一半的兒童保育機構已經關閉。該協會與美國進步中心(Center for American Progress)的一項研究預測,如果沒有大量援助,450萬兒童保育的名額可能會消失。
美國最大的私立兒童教育連鎖機構KinderCare表示,在國家實施封閉政策,落實社會距離措施后,該公司失去了90%的業務。
這家總部位于俄勒岡州波特蘭的公司最開始暫停了除450家中心以外的所有業務,這些中心是為疫情期間依然堅守工作崗位的工作者的孩子提供服務。該公司希望在6月前重新開放。
“至少在獲得疫苗前,我們都會身處這個敏感的世界。” KinderCare的首席執行官湯姆?懷亞特表示,“我們必須習慣這一點。”
為了減輕幼托機構在疫情后的復業壓力,美國民主黨議員正在向國會爭取通過一項新法案,該法案擬為這些機構提供500億美元的資金援助。如此一來,幼托機構就可以購買更多的防疫物資,在減少入園兒童數量以保證安全距離的同時,也不會面臨太大的資金壓力。在參議院方面,愛荷華州和佐治亞州的兩位共和黨參議員也正在呼吁國會在下一輪的流行病救助方案中增加250億美元的幼托行業援助。
事實上,國會已經在今年3月向幼托行業撥款35億美元,但由于申請過程繁瑣、資格審核困難等問題,援助金遲遲到不了幼托機構的手中。
勞麗?弗萊徹是一位家政服務經營者,她把托兒所開在了自己密歇根的家里,專門幫顧客照看小孩。疫情爆發以后,該州政府禁止了大部分家庭把孩子寄托在機構的行為,只有少數雙職工工人可以在迫不得已的情況下繼續托管他們的子女,弗萊徹的收入由此直線下降。然而,像她這一類的私人幼托所并沒有商業執照,所以也不能申請救助保障金,最后弗萊徹不得不解雇了她的全職助理。
“現在,我們基本上是為了那些工人子女才繼續營業的。”弗萊徹說道。
根據美國勞工統計局(U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics)的數據,自今年3月以來,已經有超過33萬名兒童看護人員慘遭失業下崗。
“如果幼托所都倒閉了,那很多家長會發現自己根本不可能放心地復工。”美國婦女法律中心(National Women’s Law Center)的學齡前兒童保育主任凱瑟琳?懷特說道。為了幫助到更多的幼托機構,該中心組建了一個由500多家幼托所組成的家政聯盟,堅決支持并呼吁500億美元的救助金法案。
“女性明顯更可能犧牲自己。”懷特指出,相較于父親,即便是沒有疫情,當孩子遇到成長困難的時候,母親們也可能會被迫離開自己的崗位回歸到家庭去照顧孩子。“可是,女性也是勞動力市場的半邊天。如果女性不能回去工作,我們的經濟會變成什么樣子?”
薩曼莎?什林鮑姆是位于紐約的佩斯大學(Pace University)的項目經理,同時也是一個3歲女孩的母親,如今她正在向上級申請更彈性的工作時間。她的女兒妮娜患有自閉癥,能夠找到一所合適的特殊幼托機構本就是難上加難,在得知女兒常去的那家托兒所關門歇業的那一瞬間,絕望的感覺向她襲來。
妮娜的病需要接受語言治療,這位母親現在一邊在家工作,一邊照顧女兒。她的丈夫是一位房地產銷售,有時也會回家幫幫她,但更多的時候還是要出去工作。
“我不能保證我手頭的電子報表100%準確無誤,因為我會分心去看孩子的一舉一動。”什林鮑姆嘆息道,“我可能會回去和我的父母住上一段時間,就算這樣,未來的一切還是只能順其自然。”
最近,一些新冠肺炎的兒童患者在確診后還出現了嚴重的并發性多系統炎癥,這也在很大程度上加重了政府對于幼托機構開放問題的擔憂,紐約州州長安德魯?科莫下令取消接下來所有的夏令營活動。家長們也開始為幼托機構的安全性問題而煩惱,在是否還要托管孩子的抉擇間猶疑不定。
薩拉?阿德爾曼的選擇是“不”。作為一名在鹽湖城工作的市場部經理,為了照顧7個月大的女兒,她每個工作日都不得不用自己年假里的時長來請兩小時的假回家。即使是這樣,出于安全擔憂,她依然沒有選擇把孩子送回剛剛復業的日托中心。
“每個人都有不同的考量,”阿德爾曼感慨道,“很難說哪一種選擇是正確的。”(財富中文網)
編譯:于佳鑫、陳怡軒
一位新澤西州的單身面包師,因為要照顧兒子而接受了無薪水的休假。一名紐約州的大學員工在得知一家照顧她患有自閉癥女兒的托兒中心關門后,意識到此后她可能永遠不會再重返辦公室。一位猶他州的新媽媽犧牲假期時間來換取每天兩小時的休假。
新冠疫情帶來的兒童保育危機,有可能破壞美國經濟的重新對外開放。據美國城市研究所(Urban Institute)在全國范圍內調查的數據顯示,受疫情影響,超過三分之一的家庭因為要照顧孩子而不得不犧牲某位家庭成員的工作。
大部分州的公立學校在本學年的剩余時間里都不會開學,今年許多夏令營將不再開放。成千上萬的日間托兒所也被迫關閉,而有些則只對疫情期間依然堅守崗位的工作者的子女開放。此外,許多父母曾依賴的非正式親友網絡,如今在社交距離的限制下已經逐漸瓦解。
在新澤西州馬納霍金的一家ShopRite工作的夜間面包師丹?卡皮拉,如今只能選擇無薪休假。
疫情爆發前,他的父母輪流照顧卡皮拉7歲的兒子加文,但是現在他擔心這會增加他們感染病毒的風險,特別是他們還和他90歲的祖母生活在一起。
卡皮拉的經理允許他白天工作,但由于學校停課,所以這并不能幫到他。白天,卡皮拉需要在家指導兒子學習網課。他迫切地等待著夏天的到來,希望那時病毒已經消退,兒子能正常上學,父母也可以回到身邊。
“我的雙手被束縛住了,我沒有可靠的計劃。”卡皮拉說道。
這種不確定性將持續數月。多地的學校官員均表示,遠程學習可能至少會持續到下一學年的某個時間。
據美國幼兒教育協會(National Association for the Education of Young Children)估計,全國一半的兒童保育機構已經關閉。該協會與美國進步中心(Center for American Progress)的一項研究預測,如果沒有大量援助,450萬兒童保育的名額可能會消失。
美國最大的私立兒童教育連鎖機構KinderCare表示,在國家實施封閉政策,落實社會距離措施后,該公司失去了90%的業務。
這家總部位于俄勒岡州波特蘭的公司最開始暫停了除450家中心以外的所有業務,這些中心是為疫情期間依然堅守工作崗位的工作者的孩子提供服務。該公司希望在6月前重新開放。
“至少在獲得疫苗前,我們都會身處這個敏感的世界。” KinderCare的首席執行官湯姆?懷亞特表示,“我們必須習慣這一點。”
為了減輕幼托機構在疫情后的復業壓力,美國民主黨議員正在向國會爭取通過一項新法案,該法案擬為這些機構提供500億美元的資金援助。如此一來,幼托機構就可以購買更多的防疫物資,在減少入園兒童數量以保證安全距離的同時,也不會面臨太大的資金壓力。在參議院方面,愛荷華州和佐治亞州的兩位共和黨參議員也正在呼吁國會在下一輪的流行病救助方案中增加250億美元的幼托行業援助。
事實上,國會已經在今年3月向幼托行業撥款35億美元,但由于申請過程繁瑣、資格審核困難等問題,援助金遲遲到不了幼托機構的手中。
勞麗?弗萊徹是一位家政服務經營者,她把托兒所開在了自己密歇根的家里,專門幫顧客照看小孩。疫情爆發以后,該州政府禁止了大部分家庭把孩子寄托在機構的行為,只有少數雙職工工人可以在迫不得已的情況下繼續托管他們的子女,弗萊徹的收入由此直線下降。然而,像她這一類的私人幼托所并沒有商業執照,所以也不能申請救助保障金,最后弗萊徹不得不解雇了她的全職助理。
“現在,我們基本上是為了那些工人子女才繼續營業的。”弗萊徹說道。
根據美國勞工統計局(U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics)的數據,自今年3月以來,已經有超過33萬名兒童看護人員慘遭失業下崗。
“如果幼托所都倒閉了,那很多家長會發現自己根本不可能放心地復工。”美國婦女法律中心(National Women’s Law Center)的學齡前兒童保育主任凱瑟琳?懷特說道。為了幫助到更多的幼托機構,該中心組建了一個由500多家幼托所組成的家政聯盟,堅決支持并呼吁500億美元的救助金法案。
“女性明顯更可能犧牲自己。”懷特指出,相較于父親,即便是沒有疫情,當孩子遇到成長困難的時候,母親們也可能會被迫離開自己的崗位回歸到家庭去照顧孩子。“可是,女性也是勞動力市場的半邊天。如果女性不能回去工作,我們的經濟會變成什么樣子?”
薩曼莎?什林鮑姆是位于紐約的佩斯大學(Pace University)的項目經理,同時也是一個3歲女孩的母親,如今她正在向上級申請更彈性的工作時間。她的女兒妮娜患有自閉癥,能夠找到一所合適的特殊幼托機構本就是難上加難,在得知女兒常去的那家托兒所關門歇業的那一瞬間,絕望的感覺向她襲來。
妮娜的病需要接受語言治療,這位母親現在一邊在家工作,一邊照顧女兒。她的丈夫是一位房地產銷售,有時也會回家幫幫她,但更多的時候還是要出去工作。
“我不能保證我手頭的電子報表100%準確無誤,因為我會分心去看孩子的一舉一動。”什林鮑姆嘆息道,“我可能會回去和我的父母住上一段時間,就算這樣,未來的一切還是只能順其自然。”
最近,一些新冠肺炎的兒童患者在確診后還出現了嚴重的并發性多系統炎癥,這也在很大程度上加重了政府對于幼托機構開放問題的擔憂,紐約州州長安德魯?科莫下令取消接下來所有的夏令營活動。家長們也開始為幼托機構的安全性問題而煩惱,在是否還要托管孩子的抉擇間猶疑不定。
薩拉?阿德爾曼的選擇是“不”。作為一名在鹽湖城工作的市場部經理,為了照顧7個月大的女兒,她每個工作日都不得不用自己年假里的時長來請兩小時的假回家。即使是這樣,出于安全擔憂,她依然沒有選擇把孩子送回剛剛復業的日托中心。
“每個人都有不同的考量,”阿德爾曼感慨道,“很難說哪一種選擇是正確的。”(財富中文網)
編譯:于佳鑫、陳怡軒
A single father in New Jersey is taking unpaid leave from his job as a baker because he has no one to look after his son. A university employee in New York realizes she may never return to the office after her autistic daughter's child care center closed for good. A new mother in Utah uses vacation time to take two hours off from work each day.
The coronavirus pandemic has created a staggering child care crisis that threatens to undermine the reopening of the U.S. economy. More than one-third of families report that someone has stayed home from work to mind their children because of the outbreak, according to a nationwide survey by the Urban Institute, an economic policy research group.
Public schools in most states are closed for the remainder of the academic year. Many camps will not open this summer. Thousands of day cares are also closed, many of them following the lead of school districts, while some remain open only for children of essential workers. And the informal network of relatives and friends that many parents rely on has disintegrated in a world of social distancing.
Dan Cappilla saw other no choice but to take unpaid leave from his job as an overnight baker at a ShopRite in Manahawkin, New Jersey.
Before the pandemic his parents took turns spending the night looking after his 7-year-old son, Gavin. But he fears exposing them to the virus, especially since they live with his 90-year-old grandmother.
His manager offered him daytime hours, but with schools closed that didn't help. Cappilla needs to be home during the day to guide his son through remote lessons. Unable to pay next month’s rent, Cappilla is holding out for summer, when schooling won't be an issue and he hopes the virus will have ebbed enough for his parents to come back.
“My hands are tied," Cappilla said. “I have no solid plan.”
The uncertainty will endure for months. School officials from New York to Chicago have said remote learning may continue into at least part of the next academic year.
The National Association for the Education of Young Children, an organization of early learning professionals, estimates that half the country's child care providers are closed. A study by NAEYC and the Center for American Progress, a liberal think tank, projected that 4.5 million child care slots risk disappearing without significant aid.
KinderCare, the largest private child care provider in the country with nearly 1,600 locations, said it lost 90% of its business when lockdown and social distancing rules took hold.
The Portland, Oregon-based company initially closed all but 450 of its centers, which were left open to serve essential workers' kids. It hopes to reopen most by June.
“We’ll be in this heightened, sensitive world at least until we get a vaccine,” CEO Tom Wyatt said. “We have to get used to that.”
Congressional Democrats are introducing legislation to provide $50 billion to help child care providers offset the costs of opening safely, including procuring protective equipment and possibly enrolling fewer children to meet health guidelines. Prospects for passage are unclear, but two Republican senators, Joni Ernst of Iowa and Kelly Loeffler of Georgia, have called for the next pandemic relief package to include $25 billion for the child care industry.
Congress already allocated $3.5 billion for the child care industry under a pandemic relief bill passed in March, but the aid has been slow to reach providers. Many also have struggled to qualify for loans under a separate payroll protection program.
Laurie Fletcher, who runs a day care out of her Michigan home, has seen her income plummet since the state ordered day cares closed except for essential workers' children. But she was unable receive payroll protection because she lacked a business account and ended up laying off her full-time assistant.
"We are basically paying to stay open for the essential workers,” Fletcher said.
More than 330,000 child care workers have lost their jobs since March, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
“People are going to find that if there is no child care system to return to, they aren’t going to be able to go back to work,” said Catherine White, director of child care and early learning at the National Women’s Law Center, which supported a coalition of more than 500 child care providers and advocates in calling for the $50 billion relief bill.
“Women especially are going to pay the price,” White added, noting that even before the pandemic, mothers were more likely than fathers to leave the workforce over child care difficulties. “Women are over half the workforce. What does that mean for our economy if women can’t go back to work?”
Samantha Shlimbaum, a program manager at Pace University in New York, is counting on her employer's flexibility. She was heartbroken to learn that her 3-year-old daughter's after-school center closed down. It was one of of the few that would accept Nina, who is autistic and attends a special-needs preschool.
With the preschool also closed, Shlimbaum is now working from home while caring for her daughter, who requires speech therapy. Her husband helps, but he eventually will return to work as a real estate agent.
“I can't sit in front of a spreadsheet and ensure it is 100% accurate. I get distracted with my kid in the background,” Shlimbaum said. "We might go and stay with family for a while, but beyond that, it will be the way it is.”
A rare and serious inflammatory condition in children that's linked to the coronavirus is also exacerbating child care problems.
The syndrome influenced New York City Gov. Andrew Cuomo's decision not to reopen summer school classrooms and has parents agonizing over whether to it's safe to send children to day care.
Sara Adelman, a marketing manager working from home in Salt Lake City, is burning through paid vacation time to take the last two hours off each workday to look after her 7-month-old daughter. Even so, she couldn't bring herself to put her back in day care, which reopens Monday.
“There’s a lot of different expectations," Adelman said. “It’s hard to know what the correct answer is.”