
? 亞特蘭大聯邦儲備銀行(Atlanta Fed)的最新數據顯示,2025年第一季度經濟收縮幾乎板上釘釘。貿易和移民政策的不確定性是對美國經濟的嚴重威脅,而且隨著消費者信心下降,投資者還將密切關注政府效率部精簡政府機構對失業率的影響。
唐納德·特朗普當選總統的消息曾令股市陷入狂歡。去年11月5日至今年2月19日期間,標普500指數累計上漲6.25%,并在2月19日創下6145點的歷史新高。但隨著經濟數據疲軟和特朗普政府重啟關稅戰的威脅,華爾街對美國經濟前景的擔憂加劇,該指數至今已回調超3%。
俗話說,市場最忌不確定性。華爾街正在圍繞特朗普總統的經濟政策展開激烈辯論:總統的經濟政策會抑制增長、推高通脹,還是兩者兼有亦或全無影響,投資者正迫切等待特朗普進口征稅計劃的明朗化。周一市場再傳噩耗,亞特蘭大聯邦儲備銀行的GDPNow預測模型顯示,2025年第一季度,美國GDP將萎縮2.8%。
需要說明的是,該數據波動劇烈。就在2月26日,該模型還預測當季GDP增長2.3%,但上周五驟降至-1.5%。基礎設施資本顧問公司(Infrastructure Capital Advisors)首席執行官杰伊·哈特菲爾德上周仍著重強調了這些預測,并警告美國經濟正走向衰退。
基礎設施資本顧問公司管理多只交易所交易基金和對沖基金。哈特菲爾德表示,關稅常被誤讀為通脹推手,而他認為政府效率部的大規模裁員將顯著推高失業率。但在他看來,經濟最大的威脅來自美聯儲(Federal Reserve)。他認為央行在貨幣政策上過于鷹派,尤其在1月會議上決定不降息之后。
他對《財富》雜志表示:“通常經濟衰退會伴隨著房地產、投資和建筑業的下滑。這正是過去三個季度發生的情況。”
關稅、政府效率部裁員與移民政策陰云
當然,市場就經濟走向達成共識尚需時日。連續兩個季度經濟萎縮是判斷衰退的非官方經驗法則,最終還需美國國家經濟研究局(National Bureau of Economic Research)正式裁定。
阿波羅全球管理公司(Apollo Global Management)首席經濟學家托爾斯滕·斯洛克則持審慎態度。他將政府裁員和關稅的綜合影響視為“溫和的滯脹沖擊”,后者通過推高物價抑制外國商品需求。
他在研報中寫道:“換言之,政府效率部裁員和關稅疊加將對經濟造成溫和的短期沖擊,使通脹小幅上行,GDP將承受微幅下行壓力。”
通脹引發的不滿助推特朗普重返白宮,但更多普通民眾開始擔憂經濟前景。1月美國消費者支出創四年來最快降速。世界大型企業聯合會(Conference Board)和密歇根大學(University of Michigan)的知名消費者信心調查也表現疲軟。
世界大型企業聯合會消費者信心指數跌至2021年8月以來最低后,該非營利性智庫的高級經濟學家斯蒂芬妮·吉夏爾指出,擔憂關稅、政府削減開支和大規模遣返移民工人影響的受訪者可能更加謹慎。
高盛(Goldman Sachs)消費銀行與市場部消費領域專家斯科特·費勒上周五在公司播客中表示:“調查數據不容忽視。這些降幅相當驚人。”
瑞銀全球財富管理公司(UBS Global Wealth Management)首席經濟學家保羅·多諾萬稱,盡管市場質疑特朗普能否對加墨兩個最大貿易伙伴長期維持25%的關稅,但他屢次威脅對進口商品征稅,已對經濟產生影響。
多諾萬上周五在報告中寫道:“有證據顯示消費者因擔憂關稅而提前采購(民主黨支持者可能多于共和黨),企業可能在征稅前漲價。由于商業投資建立在對不確定未來的預判上,不確定性加劇會影響投資風險。”
不過高盛調查顯示,四分之三的分析師預計所在行業的企業不會因此推遲或取消投資。但高盛指出,達拉斯聯邦儲備銀行(Dallas Fed)對德州企業的調查顯示,許多公司預計關稅將推高成本,且貿易政策不確定性已抑制需求。受訪者還表示對外籍勞工依賴度增加,18%的受訪企業預計移民政策將影響用工穩定性。
在投資者等待白宮更多消息之際,這些紛繁復雜的信號正令華爾街陷入深思。(財富中文網)
譯者:劉進龍
審校:汪皓
? 亞特蘭大聯邦儲備銀行(Atlanta Fed)的最新數據顯示,2025年第一季度經濟收縮幾乎板上釘釘。貿易和移民政策的不確定性是對美國經濟的嚴重威脅,而且隨著消費者信心下降,投資者還將密切關注政府效率部精簡政府機構對失業率的影響。
唐納德·特朗普當選總統的消息曾令股市陷入狂歡。去年11月5日至今年2月19日期間,標普500指數累計上漲6.25%,并在2月19日創下6145點的歷史新高。但隨著經濟數據疲軟和特朗普政府重啟關稅戰的威脅,華爾街對美國經濟前景的擔憂加劇,該指數至今已回調超3%。
俗話說,市場最忌不確定性。華爾街正在圍繞特朗普總統的經濟政策展開激烈辯論:總統的經濟政策會抑制增長、推高通脹,還是兩者兼有亦或全無影響,投資者正迫切等待特朗普進口征稅計劃的明朗化。周一市場再傳噩耗,亞特蘭大聯邦儲備銀行的GDPNow預測模型顯示,2025年第一季度,美國GDP將萎縮2.8%。
需要說明的是,該數據波動劇烈。就在2月26日,該模型還預測當季GDP增長2.3%,但上周五驟降至-1.5%。基礎設施資本顧問公司(Infrastructure Capital Advisors)首席執行官杰伊·哈特菲爾德上周仍著重強調了這些預測,并警告美國經濟正走向衰退。
基礎設施資本顧問公司管理多只交易所交易基金和對沖基金。哈特菲爾德表示,關稅常被誤讀為通脹推手,而他認為政府效率部的大規模裁員將顯著推高失業率。但在他看來,經濟最大的威脅來自美聯儲(Federal Reserve)。他認為央行在貨幣政策上過于鷹派,尤其在1月會議上決定不降息之后。
他對《財富》雜志表示:“通常經濟衰退會伴隨著房地產、投資和建筑業的下滑。這正是過去三個季度發生的情況。”
關稅、政府效率部裁員與移民政策陰云
當然,市場就經濟走向達成共識尚需時日。連續兩個季度經濟萎縮是判斷衰退的非官方經驗法則,最終還需美國國家經濟研究局(National Bureau of Economic Research)正式裁定。
阿波羅全球管理公司(Apollo Global Management)首席經濟學家托爾斯滕·斯洛克則持審慎態度。他將政府裁員和關稅的綜合影響視為“溫和的滯脹沖擊”,后者通過推高物價抑制外國商品需求。
他在研報中寫道:“換言之,政府效率部裁員和關稅疊加將對經濟造成溫和的短期沖擊,使通脹小幅上行,GDP將承受微幅下行壓力。”
通脹引發的不滿助推特朗普重返白宮,但更多普通民眾開始擔憂經濟前景。1月美國消費者支出創四年來最快降速。世界大型企業聯合會(Conference Board)和密歇根大學(University of Michigan)的知名消費者信心調查也表現疲軟。
世界大型企業聯合會消費者信心指數跌至2021年8月以來最低后,該非營利性智庫的高級經濟學家斯蒂芬妮·吉夏爾指出,擔憂關稅、政府削減開支和大規模遣返移民工人影響的受訪者可能更加謹慎。
高盛(Goldman Sachs)消費銀行與市場部消費領域專家斯科特·費勒上周五在公司播客中表示:“調查數據不容忽視。這些降幅相當驚人。”
瑞銀全球財富管理公司(UBS Global Wealth Management)首席經濟學家保羅·多諾萬稱,盡管市場質疑特朗普能否對加墨兩個最大貿易伙伴長期維持25%的關稅,但他屢次威脅對進口商品征稅,已對經濟產生影響。
多諾萬上周五在報告中寫道:“有證據顯示消費者因擔憂關稅而提前采購(民主黨支持者可能多于共和黨),企業可能在征稅前漲價。由于商業投資建立在對不確定未來的預判上,不確定性加劇會影響投資風險。”
不過高盛調查顯示,四分之三的分析師預計所在行業的企業不會因此推遲或取消投資。但高盛指出,達拉斯聯邦儲備銀行(Dallas Fed)對德州企業的調查顯示,許多公司預計關稅將推高成本,且貿易政策不確定性已抑制需求。受訪者還表示對外籍勞工依賴度增加,18%的受訪企業預計移民政策將影響用工穩定性。
在投資者等待白宮更多消息之際,這些紛繁復雜的信號正令華爾街陷入深思。(財富中文網)
譯者:劉進龍
審校:汪皓
? Recent data from the Atlanta Fed suggests an economic contraction is in the cards for the first quarter of 2025. Uncertainty surrounding trade and immigration policy looms large, and investors will also closely watch how DOGE layoffs impact unemployment as consumer sentiment weakens.
President Donald Trump’s election victory initially had the stock market in raptures. The S&P 500 surged 6.25% from Nov. 5 to Feb. 19, when the index hit a new record high above the $6,145 mark. The S&P is down more than 3% since, however, as soft economic data and renewed tariff threats from the Trump White House elevate Wall Street’s concern about the state of the U.S. economy.
Markets hate uncertainty, the saying goes, and investors are desperately awaiting clarity on Trump’s plans for taxing imports as the Street debates whether the president’s economic agenda will slow growth, reignite inflation, do both—or result in none of the above. Traders got more bad news on Monday, as the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta’s GDPNow tracker signaled a 2.8% contraction for the first quarter of 2025.
To be sure, that data is volatile. As recently as Feb. 26, the tracker pointed to GDP growth of 2.3% before dropping to –1.5% on Friday. Still, Jay Hatfield, CEO of Infrastructure Capital Advisors, highlighted those forecasts last week as he warned the U.S. economy is headed into recession.
Hatfield, whose firm manages ETFs and a series of hedge funds, has said that tariffs are often misunderstood as inflationary, and he expects DOGE’s mass layoffs of federal workers to cause a significant uptick in unemployment. In his eyes, however, the biggest danger to the economy is the Federal Reserve. He believes the central bank has been overly hawkish on monetary policy, particularly after it decided not to cut interest rates at its January meeting.
“Normally, in a recession, you get a decline in housing, investment, and construction,” he told Fortune, “and that’s exactly what we had over the last three quarters.”
Tariffs, DOGE layoffs, and immigration policy loom large
Of course, it will likely take a beat before the market reaches any consensus about the direction of the economy. Two consecutive quarters of contraction is the unofficial rule of thumb for a recession, with the National Bureau of Economic Research eventually making an official ruling.
Torsten Sl?k, chief economist at Apollo Global Management, isn’t going that far. The combined effect of government layoffs and tariffs, the latter of which increase prices and lower demand for foreign goods, he said, is best viewed as a “modest stagflation shock.”
“In other words, DOGE and tariffs combined are a mild temporary shock to the economy that will put modest upward pressure on inflation and modest downward pressure on GDP,” he said in a note on Saturday.
Discontent about inflation helped Trump return to the White House, but more everyday Americans have become concerned about the economy, cutting spending in January at the fastest pace in four years. Famed consumer sentiment surveys from the Conference Board, a think tank, and the University of Michigan also came in weak.
After the Conference Board’s Consumer Confidence Index dropped to its lowest level since August 2021, Stephanie Guichard, the not-for-profit’s senior economist, said respondents who feared the impact of tariffs, government spending cuts, and mass deportations of immigrant workers were likely to be more cautious.
“I think it’s impossible to ignore the surveys,” Scott Feiler, a consumer sector specialist in Goldman Sachs’ consumer banking and markets division, said on a firm podcast Friday. “Those are some big drops.”
Even though markets are skeptical Trump will institute permanent 25% tariffs on goods from Canada and Mexico—America’s two biggest trading partners—“crying wolf” on taxing imports has economic implications, said Paul Donovan, chief economist at UBS Global Wealth Management.
“There is some evidence of consumers buying earlier out of fear of tariffs (perhaps more Democrat consumers than Republican),” he wrote in a note Friday. “Firms may raise prices ahead of tariffs. Because businesses invest in an uncertain future, increasing uncertainty affects investment risks.”
Nonetheless, three-quarters of analysts polled by Goldman Sachs said they did not expect firms in their sectors to delay or cancel investment as a result. Still, Goldman noted the Dallas Fed’s surveys of Texas businesses revealed many firms expect tariffs to increase costs and believe trade policy uncertainty has weighed on demand. Respondents also indicated that their reliance on foreign workers had increased, with 18% of those polled saying they expected immigration policy to impact their ability to hire and retain workers.
That leaves plenty for the Street to mull over as investors wait for more news from the White House.