美國歷史上在世時間最長的總統吉米·卡特去世,享年100歲。
這一消息標志著卡特在白宮西翼內外為公眾服務漫長一生的終結。在他去世之前,他的妻子羅莎琳·卡特(Rosalynn Carter)已于2023年11月19日離世,享年96歲。
在羅莎琳去世后,美國前總統吉米·卡特在一份聲明中表示:“我的所有成就都離不開羅莎琳的奉獻。每當我需要幫助的時候,她總能給予我睿智的指導和鼓勵。只要羅莎琳尚在人世,我就一直知道有人愛我、支持我。”
卡特在特勤局的代號是迪肯,多年來一直與疾病和死神抗爭。2023年2月20日,這位前總統的代表宣布,卡特已選擇接受臨終關懷,希望“在家中在親人的陪伴下走完人生的最后一程”。許多美國人原以為他不久后就會離世,隨后對他接受臨終關懷的漫長時間感到驚訝。
他的去世標志著一系列精心安排的紀念活動的開始,其中包括舉國哀悼和緬懷。
自1973年以來,只有4位前總統舉行了國葬。1994年去世的理查德·尼克松(Richard Nixon)要求他的家人為其安排一場規模更為精簡的儀式,地點就選在他的總統圖書館內。
與英國皇室一樣,美國總統在任期間也需要面對籌辦自己葬禮事宜的傷感任務。白宮歷史協會(White House Historical Association)指出,葬禮的協調工作在每位總統上任初期就已啟動。
該協會寫道:“通過幫助策劃自己的葬禮事宜,總統們得以將個人風格融入其中,最后一次在國家舞臺上詮釋他們的性格特質和遺產。”
卡特的具體葬禮安排目前尚不清楚,但以下是他逝世后我們可能會看到的葬禮安排。
降半旗致哀
根據聯邦法律的規定,一旦總統去世,所有聯邦建筑、場地以及海軍艦艇都要降半旗致哀,這一儀式將持續整整30天。(對于副總統和首席大法官而言,降半旗儀式則會持續10天。)
拜登總統將宣布全國哀悼日
現任總統通常會在前任總統逝世之際發表講話,而且通常會在葬禮當天宣布全國哀悼日。這意味著聯邦政府將關閉一天,紐約證券交易所和納斯達克市場也將暫停交易。
上一次全國哀悼日是在2018年12月5日,以紀念前總統喬治·赫伯特·沃克·布什(George H.W. Bush)。
禮炮儀式將在葬禮前開始
以禮炮儀式悼念逝世的總統和前總統是軍方的傳統。雖然大多數人都會想到軍人葬禮上通常會鳴放三排槍,但以禮炮儀式悼念總統的傳統卻鮮為人知。
“在總統、前總統或當選總統辭世后的次日——若該日恰逢周日或法定節假日,則禮炮儀式將順延至次日舉行——軍隊指揮官將率領必要的人員,攜帶所需物資,依照傳統習俗,從起床號響起的那一刻起,至黃昏宣告撤退之際,每半小時鳴放一炮。”空軍在杰拉爾德·福特(Gerald Ford)去世時寫道。
葬禮過程可能會持續5天
通常情況下,前總統會在去世五天后下葬。這一安排旨在為人們提供緬懷時間,同時也是總統在任時規劃流程的一部分(當然,家屬可以根據個人意愿進行調整)。(目前尚不清楚新年假期是否會對這一時間表產生影響,或將會造成何種影響。)
總統對所有事務都擁有發言權,從是否(以及在何處)在國會大廈舉行國葬,到車隊的行進路線和活動的儀式元素。對于像卡特這樣謙遜的總統來說,這可能會有點棘手。上一位被說服加入一些儀式安排的總統是杰拉爾德·福特。
白宮援引羅伯特·克羅斯特牧師(Rev. Robert Certain)對福特的評價稱:“負責國家禮儀事務的工作人員和他一起工作,向他闡釋這些儀式不僅是為了國家,同時也是為了他的家人而舉行的。他勉強同意了某些儀式安排。”(克羅斯特牧師曾是美國圣公會教堂的牧師,福特總統和夫人就在該教堂做禮拜。)
總統們將齊聚一堂
總統葬禮是美國人為數不多的能看到所有在世前總統齊聚一堂的場合,原因是他們會暫時擱置政治分歧,以表達對逝者的敬意。追悼會通常在華盛頓國家大教堂舉行。(不過,鑒于卡特與唐納德·特朗普(Donald Trump)在理念上的深刻分歧,目前尚不清楚特朗普是否會出席或受邀參加葬禮)。
之后,這位前總統的遺體將被護送至最終安息之地,至于卡特的最終安息地,目前還不得而知。(總統圖書館和故鄉是常見的選擇。)(財富中文網)
譯者:中慧言-王芳
美國歷史上在世時間最長的總統吉米·卡特去世,享年100歲。
這一消息標志著卡特在白宮西翼內外為公眾服務漫長一生的終結。在他去世之前,他的妻子羅莎琳·卡特(Rosalynn Carter)已于2023年11月19日離世,享年96歲。
在羅莎琳去世后,美國前總統吉米·卡特在一份聲明中表示:“我的所有成就都離不開羅莎琳的奉獻。每當我需要幫助的時候,她總能給予我睿智的指導和鼓勵。只要羅莎琳尚在人世,我就一直知道有人愛我、支持我。”
卡特在特勤局的代號是迪肯,多年來一直與疾病和死神抗爭。2023年2月20日,這位前總統的代表宣布,卡特已選擇接受臨終關懷,希望“在家中在親人的陪伴下走完人生的最后一程”。許多美國人原以為他不久后就會離世,隨后對他接受臨終關懷的漫長時間感到驚訝。
他的去世標志著一系列精心安排的紀念活動的開始,其中包括舉國哀悼和緬懷。
自1973年以來,只有4位前總統舉行了國葬。1994年去世的理查德·尼克松(Richard Nixon)要求他的家人為其安排一場規模更為精簡的儀式,地點就選在他的總統圖書館內。
與英國皇室一樣,美國總統在任期間也需要面對籌辦自己葬禮事宜的傷感任務。白宮歷史協會(White House Historical Association)指出,葬禮的協調工作在每位總統上任初期就已啟動。
該協會寫道:“通過幫助策劃自己的葬禮事宜,總統們得以將個人風格融入其中,最后一次在國家舞臺上詮釋他們的性格特質和遺產。”
卡特的具體葬禮安排目前尚不清楚,但以下是他逝世后我們可能會看到的葬禮安排。
降半旗致哀
根據聯邦法律的規定,一旦總統去世,所有聯邦建筑、場地以及海軍艦艇都要降半旗致哀,這一儀式將持續整整30天。(對于副總統和首席大法官而言,降半旗儀式則會持續10天。)
拜登總統將宣布全國哀悼日
現任總統通常會在前任總統逝世之際發表講話,而且通常會在葬禮當天宣布全國哀悼日。這意味著聯邦政府將關閉一天,紐約證券交易所和納斯達克市場也將暫停交易。
上一次全國哀悼日是在2018年12月5日,以紀念前總統喬治·赫伯特·沃克·布什(George H.W. Bush)。
禮炮儀式將在葬禮前開始
以禮炮儀式悼念逝世的總統和前總統是軍方的傳統。雖然大多數人都會想到軍人葬禮上通常會鳴放三排槍,但以禮炮儀式悼念總統的傳統卻鮮為人知。
“在總統、前總統或當選總統辭世后的次日——若該日恰逢周日或法定節假日,則禮炮儀式將順延至次日舉行——軍隊指揮官將率領必要的人員,攜帶所需物資,依照傳統習俗,從起床號響起的那一刻起,至黃昏宣告撤退之際,每半小時鳴放一炮。”空軍在杰拉爾德·福特(Gerald Ford)去世時寫道。
葬禮過程可能會持續5天
通常情況下,前總統會在去世五天后下葬。這一安排旨在為人們提供緬懷時間,同時也是總統在任時規劃流程的一部分(當然,家屬可以根據個人意愿進行調整)。(目前尚不清楚新年假期是否會對這一時間表產生影響,或將會造成何種影響。)
總統對所有事務都擁有發言權,從是否(以及在何處)在國會大廈舉行國葬,到車隊的行進路線和活動的儀式元素。對于像卡特這樣謙遜的總統來說,這可能會有點棘手。上一位被說服加入一些儀式安排的總統是杰拉爾德·福特。
白宮援引羅伯特·克羅斯特牧師(Rev. Robert Certain)對福特的評價稱:“負責國家禮儀事務的工作人員和他一起工作,向他闡釋這些儀式不僅是為了國家,同時也是為了他的家人而舉行的。他勉強同意了某些儀式安排。”(克羅斯特牧師曾是美國圣公會教堂的牧師,福特總統和夫人就在該教堂做禮拜。)
總統們將齊聚一堂
總統葬禮是美國人為數不多的能看到所有在世前總統齊聚一堂的場合,原因是他們會暫時擱置政治分歧,以表達對逝者的敬意。追悼會通常在華盛頓國家大教堂舉行。(不過,鑒于卡特與唐納德·特朗普(Donald Trump)在理念上的深刻分歧,目前尚不清楚特朗普是否會出席或受邀參加葬禮)。
之后,這位前總統的遺體將被護送至最終安息之地,至于卡特的最終安息地,目前還不得而知。(總統圖書館和故鄉是常見的選擇。)(財富中文網)
譯者:中慧言-王芳
Jimmy Carter, the longest living president in American history, has died at the age of 100.
The news concludes a long life of public service, both inside and outside of the West Wing. His death follows the passing of his longtime wife Rosalynn Carter, who died on Nov. 19, 2023 at the age of 96.
“Rosalynn was my equal partner in everything I ever accomplished,” former President Jimmy Carter said in a statement following Rosalynn’s passing. “She gave me wise guidance and encouragement when I needed it. As long as Rosalynn was in the world, I always knew somebody loved and supported me.”
Carter, whose Secret Service code name was Deacon, defied illness and death for years. On Feb. 20, 2023, representatives of the former president announced that Carter had elected to enter hospice care to “spend his remaining time at home with his family.” Many Americans expected him to pass soon thereafter and were subsequently surprised by the length of his time in hospice.
His passing marks the beginning of an orchestrated process that will include a period of national mourning and remembrance.
There have been just four state funerals for former presidents since 1973. Richard Nixon, who died in 1994, requested that his family opt instead for a smaller ceremony at his presidential library
Much like British royalty, U.S. presidents have the maudlin task of planning their own funerals, while in office. The White House Historical Association notes coordination for the funeral begins early in each president’s term.
“By helping plan their own funeral, presidents are able to incorporate personal touches that can elucidate their character and legacy on a national stage for the last time,” the association writes.
Carter’s specific funeral arrangements are currently unknown, but here is what we are likely to see after he dies.
Flags will be lowered to half-staff
It’s federal law that flags on all federal buildings, grounds, and naval vessels be lowered to half-staff for 30 days, once a president passes away. (Vice-presidents and Chief Justices receive a 10-day half-staff honor.)
President Biden will declare a National Day of Mourning
Sitting presidents will typically make an address when one of their predecessors passes on, generally declaring a National Day of Mourning on the day of the funeral. That means the federal government will shut down for a day and both the New York Stock Exchange and Nasdaq markets will not trade.
The last National Day of Mourning was held on Dec. 5, 2018 to honor the memory of former President George H.W. Bush.
Ceremonial gun salutes will begin well before the funeral
It’s military tradition to honor the death of presidents and former presidents with a ceremonial gun salute. While most people think of the three rifle volley that typically accompanies a military funeral, this tradition is less known.
“On the day after the death of the president, a former president or president-elect—unless this day falls on a Sunday or holiday, in which case the honor will rendered the following day—the commanders of Army installations with the necessary personnel and material traditionally order that one gun be fired every half hour, beginning at reveille and ending at retreat,” noted the Air Force upon the death of Gerald Ford.
The funeral process will likely last five days
Generally, former presidents are buried five days after they pass away. This allows for a period of remembrance and is part of the planning process presidents go through when they’re in office (though the families can make adjustments, should they choose). (It’s currently unclear if or how the New Year’s holiday will impact this timeline.)
Presidents have a say in everything from whether (and where) they lie in state at the Capitol to the route of the motorcade and the ceremonial elements of the event. That can be a bit of a hurdle for presidents who are unassuming, like Carter. The last one who had to be convinced to include some of the formalities was Gerald Ford.
“The folks that handle protocol for the country worked with him to help him understand that the service was for the nation as well as for his family, and he agreed reluctantly to certain elements,” the White House quotes Rev. Robert Certain as saying about Ford. (Certain was minister of the Episcopal Church where President and Mrs. Ford worshipped.)
Presidents will gather
Presidential funerals are among the few times Americans are likely to see all living former presidents side by side, as political differences are momentarily set aside to honor their colleague. Memorial services are usually held at the Washington National Cathedral. (It is unknown whether Donald Trump will attend or be invited to the funeral, however, given the strong philosophical differences Carter had with him.)
Following that, the former president’s body is taken to its final resting place, which in Carter’s case is still unknown. (Presidential libraries and hometowns are frequent choices.)