我對電動汽車一直都抱有信心。這種信心源于我對電動汽車技術(shù)的熱愛,以及電動汽車所提供的令人驚艷的駕駛體驗:比如順滑流暢的加速,安靜的行駛過程,在交通擁堵時如同蠶繭一樣隔絕外界的車內(nèi)環(huán)境,最令人興奮的是踩下油門時“刺激的”加速感。除此之外,今天我還要補充一點,那就是消除尾氣排放能夠產(chǎn)生巨大的環(huán)境效益,這是我們所迫切需要的。現(xiàn)在,對于全面電動化的未來,我感到更加興奮,因為即將到來的新技術(shù),將使電動汽車更具吸引力,令消費者真正難以抗拒。
我在汽車行業(yè)的職業(yè)生涯大部分時間都在從事與電動汽車技術(shù)相關(guān)的前沿工作,電氣化已經(jīng)刻入了我的DNA。我有幸領(lǐng)導了通用汽車(General Motors)的電動汽車項目超過十年。在那段時間里,通用汽車發(fā)布了兩款最具變革意義的電動汽車,分別是雪佛蘭(Chevrolet)Volt和雪佛蘭Bolt,今天發(fā)布的多款精彩產(chǎn)品也是從那時候開始了早期工作,比如榮獲“2024年德國年度汽車獎”(2024 German Car of the Year)的凱迪拉克(Cadillac)Lyriq。
Volt于2010年發(fā)布。它是第一款由主要汽車制造商生產(chǎn)的量產(chǎn)增程式電動汽車,同時配備了一塊大電池和備用汽油發(fā)動機,使人們既能體驗到全電動駕駛的樂趣,又能避免里程焦慮。Bolt于2016年發(fā)布,是美國首款價格實惠的長續(xù)航全電動汽車。這兩款汽車曾屢次獲得創(chuàng)新獎項,并且壽命都超出了最初的計劃。Volt經(jīng)歷了兩代車型,而Bolt不僅在繼續(xù)生產(chǎn),還將在2026年推出“Bolt系列”車型。
電動汽車銷量
目前,盡管有相反的傳言,但消費者購買電動汽車的數(shù)量卻創(chuàng)下了歷史新高。電動汽車是美國增長最快的汽車細分市場,今年第三季度的銷量再創(chuàng)紀錄。根據(jù)凱利藍皮書(Kelly Blue Book)的預測,美國電動汽車銷量有望在2024年達到約130萬輛。電動汽車銷量在新車銷量中的占比達到近9%,創(chuàng)歷史最高紀錄,即將實現(xiàn)10%的里程碑,而幾年前這個數(shù)字僅為3%。根據(jù)高德納(Gartner)的數(shù)據(jù),到2025年底,包括汽車、巴士、貨車和重型卡車在內(nèi),全球上路的電動汽車預計將達到8,500萬輛。
那么,有哪些因素將推動電動汽車的大規(guī)模普及?眾所周知,阻礙電動汽車普及最大的障礙是成本、續(xù)航里程和充電便利性。我想在這個列表中再加上“選擇”。近期電動汽車銷量增長的很大一部分原因是,現(xiàn)在有更多種類和價位的電動汽車供消費者選擇。目前美國市場上有超過40款電動汽車,這些汽車來自不同品牌,外形和大小各異,價格也各不相同。預計2025年將有近20款新車亮相。這些車輛從豪華轎車到全尺寸皮卡,有不同的款式和功能。
雖然品牌和車型選擇持續(xù)增多,但成本、續(xù)航里程和充電時間等障礙仍有待解決。然而毫無疑問,得益于電池技術(shù)的進步,在未來幾年內(nèi),電動汽車的采用率將繼續(xù)增長。新的化學成分和技術(shù)將降低成本,提高消費者的負擔能力,延長駕駛續(xù)航里程,并縮短充電時間。它們還將支持更加靈活的車輛設(shè)計,從而為消費者帶來更廣泛的選擇。
Volt、Bolt和其他早期電動汽車的出現(xiàn)得益于鋰離子技術(shù)的興起。今天,制造商仍在持續(xù)調(diào)整這項技術(shù),以實現(xiàn)漸進的性能改進,但在重大進展方面已經(jīng)陷入了瓶頸。為了解決潛在電動汽車買家面臨的主要挑戰(zhàn),我們需要電池性能實現(xiàn)代際飛躍,才能帶來下一輪標志性車輛的誕生。我希望能夠參與其中。
設(shè)計靈活性
我曾在達美航空(Delta Airlines)工作過兩年,負責可持續(xù)發(fā)展事務(wù),那是一段精彩的經(jīng)歷,但后來我還是回到了汽車行業(yè),成為Sion Power公司的CEO,因為我被汽車行業(yè)的新技術(shù)潛力深深吸引。在Sion Power,我們專注于鋰金屬技術(shù),我確信這項技術(shù)將使當前電池的性能實現(xiàn)飛躍,并解決電動汽車大規(guī)模普及的障礙。
Sion開發(fā)了一種名為Licerion的創(chuàng)新鋰金屬技術(shù)。你可以把電池單元想象成一個多層的俱樂部三明治。我們用更薄、更輕的鋰金屬層替代了陽極最厚的石墨層。雖然電池單元變得更小、更輕,但卻能提供兩倍的能量密度。
有了更小、更輕的電池單元,汽車廠商就可以在工程和造型設(shè)計上有更大的靈活性。例如,汽車制造商可以設(shè)計一款大型SUV,雖然電池組的尺寸不變,但能量密度幾乎增加一倍,這能顯著提高汽車的動力和續(xù)航里程,并且可以進行與眾不同的外觀設(shè)計。或者,汽車廠商可以在造型酷炫、車身低矮的跑車里使用更小的電池組,在不犧牲性能的情況下提供續(xù)航里程。
快速充電
充電時間長仍然是電動汽車普及的最大障礙之一。燃油車在加油站加油大約需要8分鐘。我們的鋰陽極設(shè)計使充電時間能夠與加油的時間相當。這對于汽車制造商和消費者而言,都將產(chǎn)生革命性的影響。
當然,Sion Power面臨的競爭環(huán)境瞬息萬變,有無數(shù)電池公司和汽車制造商都在開發(fā)自己的解決方案。然而,這進一步證明了電池技術(shù)可能會顯著改進,從而加速電動汽車的普及。
我相信我們找到了正確的解決方案,現(xiàn)在我們正在努力將其商業(yè)化。LG能源解決方案(LG Energy Solution)等公司也看到了這項技術(shù)的前景,今年早些時候我們獲得了7,500萬美元投資。我曾在《財富》50強公司工作過,現(xiàn)在在一家初創(chuàng)公司任職,因為我熱衷于創(chuàng)造新事物。我見證過大型公司如何運作,我知道如何才能實現(xiàn)量產(chǎn)和規(guī)模化。
消費者通過他們的購買決定來驅(qū)動需求,這些決定基于從衣服到汽車的各種選擇。重大的技術(shù)進步將增加電動汽車的選擇,而這些選擇將大幅提高電動汽車的普及率。我對此堅信不疑,因為這是我的親身經(jīng)歷。(財富中文網(wǎng))
帕姆·弗萊徹在亞利桑那州圖森的電池技術(shù)公司Sion Power擔任CEO。
譯者:劉進龍
審校:汪皓
我對電動汽車一直都抱有信心。這種信心源于我對電動汽車技術(shù)的熱愛,以及電動汽車所提供的令人驚艷的駕駛體驗:比如順滑流暢的加速,安靜的行駛過程,在交通擁堵時如同蠶繭一樣隔絕外界的車內(nèi)環(huán)境,最令人興奮的是踩下油門時“刺激的”加速感。除此之外,今天我還要補充一點,那就是消除尾氣排放能夠產(chǎn)生巨大的環(huán)境效益,這是我們所迫切需要的。現(xiàn)在,對于全面電動化的未來,我感到更加興奮,因為即將到來的新技術(shù),將使電動汽車更具吸引力,令消費者真正難以抗拒。
我在汽車行業(yè)的職業(yè)生涯大部分時間都在從事與電動汽車技術(shù)相關(guān)的前沿工作,電氣化已經(jīng)刻入了我的DNA。我有幸領(lǐng)導了通用汽車(General Motors)的電動汽車項目超過十年。在那段時間里,通用汽車發(fā)布了兩款最具變革意義的電動汽車,分別是雪佛蘭(Chevrolet)Volt和雪佛蘭Bolt,今天發(fā)布的多款精彩產(chǎn)品也是從那時候開始了早期工作,比如榮獲“2024年德國年度汽車獎”(2024 German Car of the Year)的凱迪拉克(Cadillac)Lyriq。
Volt于2010年發(fā)布。它是第一款由主要汽車制造商生產(chǎn)的量產(chǎn)增程式電動汽車,同時配備了一塊大電池和備用汽油發(fā)動機,使人們既能體驗到全電動駕駛的樂趣,又能避免里程焦慮。Bolt于2016年發(fā)布,是美國首款價格實惠的長續(xù)航全電動汽車。這兩款汽車曾屢次獲得創(chuàng)新獎項,并且壽命都超出了最初的計劃。Volt經(jīng)歷了兩代車型,而Bolt不僅在繼續(xù)生產(chǎn),還將在2026年推出“Bolt系列”車型。
電動汽車銷量
目前,盡管有相反的傳言,但消費者購買電動汽車的數(shù)量卻創(chuàng)下了歷史新高。電動汽車是美國增長最快的汽車細分市場,今年第三季度的銷量再創(chuàng)紀錄。根據(jù)凱利藍皮書(Kelly Blue Book)的預測,美國電動汽車銷量有望在2024年達到約130萬輛。電動汽車銷量在新車銷量中的占比達到近9%,創(chuàng)歷史最高紀錄,即將實現(xiàn)10%的里程碑,而幾年前這個數(shù)字僅為3%。根據(jù)高德納(Gartner)的數(shù)據(jù),到2025年底,包括汽車、巴士、貨車和重型卡車在內(nèi),全球上路的電動汽車預計將達到8,500萬輛。
那么,有哪些因素將推動電動汽車的大規(guī)模普及?眾所周知,阻礙電動汽車普及最大的障礙是成本、續(xù)航里程和充電便利性。我想在這個列表中再加上“選擇”。近期電動汽車銷量增長的很大一部分原因是,現(xiàn)在有更多種類和價位的電動汽車供消費者選擇。目前美國市場上有超過40款電動汽車,這些汽車來自不同品牌,外形和大小各異,價格也各不相同。預計2025年將有近20款新車亮相。這些車輛從豪華轎車到全尺寸皮卡,有不同的款式和功能。
雖然品牌和車型選擇持續(xù)增多,但成本、續(xù)航里程和充電時間等障礙仍有待解決。然而毫無疑問,得益于電池技術(shù)的進步,在未來幾年內(nèi),電動汽車的采用率將繼續(xù)增長。新的化學成分和技術(shù)將降低成本,提高消費者的負擔能力,延長駕駛續(xù)航里程,并縮短充電時間。它們還將支持更加靈活的車輛設(shè)計,從而為消費者帶來更廣泛的選擇。
Volt、Bolt和其他早期電動汽車的出現(xiàn)得益于鋰離子技術(shù)的興起。今天,制造商仍在持續(xù)調(diào)整這項技術(shù),以實現(xiàn)漸進的性能改進,但在重大進展方面已經(jīng)陷入了瓶頸。為了解決潛在電動汽車買家面臨的主要挑戰(zhàn),我們需要電池性能實現(xiàn)代際飛躍,才能帶來下一輪標志性車輛的誕生。我希望能夠參與其中。
設(shè)計靈活性
我曾在達美航空(Delta Airlines)工作過兩年,負責可持續(xù)發(fā)展事務(wù),那是一段精彩的經(jīng)歷,但后來我還是回到了汽車行業(yè),成為Sion Power公司的CEO,因為我被汽車行業(yè)的新技術(shù)潛力深深吸引。在Sion Power,我們專注于鋰金屬技術(shù),我確信這項技術(shù)將使當前電池的性能實現(xiàn)飛躍,并解決電動汽車大規(guī)模普及的障礙。
Sion開發(fā)了一種名為Licerion的創(chuàng)新鋰金屬技術(shù)。你可以把電池單元想象成一個多層的俱樂部三明治。我們用更薄、更輕的鋰金屬層替代了陽極最厚的石墨層。雖然電池單元變得更小、更輕,但卻能提供兩倍的能量密度。
有了更小、更輕的電池單元,汽車廠商就可以在工程和造型設(shè)計上有更大的靈活性。例如,汽車制造商可以設(shè)計一款大型SUV,雖然電池組的尺寸不變,但能量密度幾乎增加一倍,這能顯著提高汽車的動力和續(xù)航里程,并且可以進行與眾不同的外觀設(shè)計。或者,汽車廠商可以在造型酷炫、車身低矮的跑車里使用更小的電池組,在不犧牲性能的情況下提供續(xù)航里程。
快速充電
充電時間長仍然是電動汽車普及的最大障礙之一。燃油車在加油站加油大約需要8分鐘。我們的鋰陽極設(shè)計使充電時間能夠與加油的時間相當。這對于汽車制造商和消費者而言,都將產(chǎn)生革命性的影響。
當然,Sion Power面臨的競爭環(huán)境瞬息萬變,有無數(shù)電池公司和汽車制造商都在開發(fā)自己的解決方案。然而,這進一步證明了電池技術(shù)可能會顯著改進,從而加速電動汽車的普及。
我相信我們找到了正確的解決方案,現(xiàn)在我們正在努力將其商業(yè)化。LG能源解決方案(LG Energy Solution)等公司也看到了這項技術(shù)的前景,今年早些時候我們獲得了7,500萬美元投資。我曾在《財富》50強公司工作過,現(xiàn)在在一家初創(chuàng)公司任職,因為我熱衷于創(chuàng)造新事物。我見證過大型公司如何運作,我知道如何才能實現(xiàn)量產(chǎn)和規(guī)模化。
消費者通過他們的購買決定來驅(qū)動需求,這些決定基于從衣服到汽車的各種選擇。重大的技術(shù)進步將增加電動汽車的選擇,而這些選擇將大幅提高電動汽車的普及率。我對此堅信不疑,因為這是我的親身經(jīng)歷。(財富中文網(wǎng))
帕姆·弗萊徹在亞利桑那州圖森的電池技術(shù)公司Sion Power擔任CEO。
譯者:劉進龍
審校:汪皓
I have long believed in electric vehicles. It started with my fascination with technology and with the amazing driving experience that EVs offer: the smooth liquid acceleration, the quiet ride, the cocoon-like feeling when you’re in stop-and-go traffic isolated from all around you, and, most excitingly, the “kick in the pants” acceleration when you step on the throttle. Today, above all of that, I would add that the elimination of tailpipe emissions brings much-needed benefits to our environment. I am now even more excited about an all-electric future because technology on the horizon will make EVs truly irresistible to consumers.
Having spent much of my career on the front end of technology in the automotive industry, electrification is in my DNA. I was privileged to lead General Motors’ electric vehicle programs for over a decade. During that time, two of the most transformational electrified vehicles were launched, the Chevrolet Volt and the Chevrolet Bolt, and we began the early work on the amazing offerings being launched today, such as the Cadillac Lyriq, the 2024 German Car of the Year.
We introduced the Volt in 2010. It became the first mass-produced extended-range EV—a vehicle with a big battery and backup gas engine allowing people to experience the thrill of fully electric driving with no range anxiety—sold by any major automaker. The Bolt, launched in 2016, was the first long-range fully electric vehicle sold in the U.S. at an affordable price. Both cars were showered with innovation awards and had longer lives than initially planned. The Volt saw two generations, and the Bolt lives on with “a family of Bolts” slated for the 2026 model year.
EV sales
Today, despite rumors to the contrary, consumers are buying EVs in record numbers. EVs are the fastest-growing vehicle segment in the U.S., with sales setting another record in the third quarter of this year. Kelly Blue Book projections suggest that U.S. EV sales are on track to hit about 1.3 million in 2024. EVs hit an all-time high share of new vehicle sales at nearly 9%, compared with a scant 3% only a few years ago, putting the 10% milestone within close reach. According to Gartner, by the end of 2025, 85 million EVs—cars, buses, vans and heavy trucks—are expected to be on the road globally.
So, what will drive mass adoption? We’ve all heard that the most significant barriers are cost, range, and access to charging. I want to add “choice” to that list. Much of the recent growth in EV sales is because consumers now have more choices in the kinds of EVs available to them and at a wider price range. More than 40 EV models are available today in the U.S. in all shapes and sizes, at various price points, from multiple brands. Another nearly 20 new models are expected to debut in 2025. These vehicles have varying styles and capabilities, ranging from luxury sedans to full-size pickups.
While make and model options continue to expand, cost, range, and charge time remain hurdles to overcome. But we undoubtedly can expect greater EV adoption to continue in the coming years, driven by battery technology. New chemistries and tech will improve costs, increase consumer affordability, extend the driving range, and speed up charging times. They will also enable more design flexibility, leading to even wider consumer choice.
The Volt, Bolt, and other early EVs were enabled by the emergence of lithium-ion technology. Today, manufacturers continue to tweak that technology to eke out incremental performance improvements, but they have plateaued in terms of major advancements. To overcome the primary challenges facing potential EV buyers, we need a generational leap in battery performance to unlock the next round of iconic vehicles. I have every intention of being part of that.
Design flexibility
I spent about two years at Delta Airlines leading sustainability, and it was an incredible experience, but I was drawn back to the auto industry to become CEO of Sion Power because of the potential I see in new technology. At Sion Power, we’re focused on lithium metal technology that I truly believe will leapfrog the performance of current batteries and address barriers to mass adoption.
Sion has developed innovative lithium-metal technology called Licerion. Think of a battery cell as a club sandwich with multiple layers. In the anode, we replace the thickest layer—the graphite layer—with a much thinner, much lighter lithium metal layer. Though smaller and lighter, the battery cells deliver twice the energy density.
Smaller, lighter battery cells also allow automakers greater design flexibility in engineering and styling. For example, an automaker could engineer a large SUV to have the same battery pack size as before, but it would have nearly twice the energy density, significantly increasing the power and driving range and having differentiation in appearance. Or, they could use a much smaller battery pack to deliver range without sacrificing an exhilarating performance in a sexy, low-slung sports car.
Quick charging
Long charging times remain one of the biggest barriers to EV adoption. It takes about 8 minutes to refuel an internal combustion vehicle at a gas station. Our lithium anode approach will enable charge times comparable to that. This will be game changing for automakers and consumers.
To be sure, Sion Power faces a fast-moving competitive landscape, with various battery companies and automakers working on their own approaches. This only furthers the argument, however, that battery technology is likely to improve significantly, leading to even faster EV adoption.
I’m confident we have the right solution, and now we’re working to commercialize it. LG Energy Solution and others see the promise, too, investing $75 million in us earlier this year. I’ve worked for Fortune 50 companies and am now at a startup because I am passionate about building something new. I’ve seen what scale looks like, and I know the path we need to travel to get to production and scale.
Consumers drive demand through their purchasing decisions, which are based on choice in everything from clothes to cars. Significant technological advancements will enable greater choices in EVs, and those choices will lead to higher EV adoption. I know this is true. I have been down this road before.
Pam Fletcher is the CEO of Sion Power, a battery technology company based in Tucson, Arizona.