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無(wú)法投保的房屋以大幅折扣全款出售

Alena Botros
2024-10-07

房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)呈現(xiàn)出一種風(fēng)險(xiǎn)極高的雙頭趨勢(shì)。

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8月佛羅里達(dá)州颶風(fēng)過(guò)后,房屋被洪水包圍。圖片來(lái)源:Christian Monterrosa/Bloomberg via Getty Images

房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)呈現(xiàn)出一種風(fēng)險(xiǎn)極高的雙頭趨勢(shì)。一方面,由于房屋位于惡劣天氣區(qū),或者因?yàn)榇媪孔》筷惻f,保險(xiǎn)公司拒絕承保房產(chǎn)。另一方面,由于同樣的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),銀行不給房屋發(fā)放抵押貸款。其結(jié)果是住房市場(chǎng)進(jìn)一步兩極分化——可以投保和抵押的傳統(tǒng)房屋,以及只能以全現(xiàn)金和大幅折扣出售(如果還能賣得出去的話)的新興房產(chǎn)。

美國(guó)消費(fèi)者聯(lián)合會(huì)(the Consumer Federation of America)今年發(fā)布的一份報(bào)告給出這樣的結(jié)論:三年前,610萬(wàn)房主沒(méi)有給房屋上保險(xiǎn),價(jià)值1.6萬(wàn)億美元的無(wú)保險(xiǎn)房屋面臨風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。這是我們能掌握的最新的數(shù)據(jù),自那以來(lái)的情況只會(huì)更糟。然而這樣的房子仍然可以出售。美國(guó)數(shù)字新聞網(wǎng)站 Axios稱:“無(wú)法投保的房屋仍然在房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)上交易。” 該出版物在報(bào)道中稱,你不能為他們抵押貸款,但你可以全款購(gòu)買,并可能獲得大幅折扣。

我不必告訴你沒(méi)有保險(xiǎn)的財(cái)產(chǎn)有多大的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。如果你是一位億萬(wàn)富翁,只想要景色極佳的房子,而且錢多得用不盡,那么可能你不需要購(gòu)買房屋保險(xiǎn)。但對(duì)于居住在加利福尼亞州、佛羅里達(dá)州、得克薩斯州或其他易受惡劣天氣影響地區(qū)的典型美國(guó)人來(lái)說(shuō),這并不是一個(gè)選項(xiàng)。通常,只有低價(jià)值的房屋和低收入家庭才不去購(gòu)買房屋保險(xiǎn)。如果他們負(fù)擔(dān)不起迅速上漲的保費(fèi),或者根本找不到愿意承保的保險(xiǎn)公司,他們可能會(huì)選擇不投保。即便如此,加利福尼亞州和佛羅里達(dá)州等地設(shè)有自己的最后一道保險(xiǎn)網(wǎng),例如前者的公平計(jì)劃(FAIR Plan)和后者的公民計(jì)劃(Citizens)。

你需要知道的是,全美各地都在爆發(fā)保險(xiǎn)危機(jī),上述幾個(gè)州尤甚。在加利福尼亞,財(cái)產(chǎn)保險(xiǎn)公司正在限制他們承保的保單數(shù)量或拒絕承保新保單。在佛羅里達(dá),好幾個(gè)家庭保險(xiǎn)公司已經(jīng)逃離該州。保險(xiǎn)危機(jī)使房主和購(gòu)房者更難應(yīng)對(duì)高昂的價(jià)格和抵押貸款利率。

房地產(chǎn)咨詢公司CoreLogic的全球保險(xiǎn)解決方案業(yè)務(wù)總裁加里特·格瑞(Garret Gray)曾告訴我,他位于洛杉磯峽谷的房子幾乎無(wú)法投保。他說(shuō):“它的CoreLogic火災(zāi)評(píng)分非常糟糕。”在做出一些改變使房屋可投保之前,他幾乎不再考慮買賣這個(gè)房子。問(wèn)題是,有些人可能不會(huì)退出交易,而是試圖從賣家那里獲得更低的價(jià)格。

另一個(gè)例子來(lái)自邁阿密大學(xué)金融專業(yè)實(shí)踐助理教授、該市業(yè)主杰森·達(dá)姆(Jason Damm)。他曾告訴我,有一年他給房子續(xù)保后,保費(fèi)上漲了。然后保險(xiǎn)公司通知他,該公司退出該州的業(yè)務(wù),并取消他的保單。于是他的房子失去了保險(xiǎn),他也沒(méi)有決定該怎么做,因?yàn)橐胝业皆敢獬斜5墓荆杀竞芨撸y度很大。“我的房子沒(méi)買保險(xiǎn),這很危險(xiǎn),”達(dá)姆說(shuō)。“我一直在尋找承保商。保費(fèi)很貴,所以我還沒(méi)決定該怎么辦。這是一個(gè)大問(wèn)題。我的意思是,我不知道該怎么辦,應(yīng)該試著去找一家承保商,還是干脆不買保險(xiǎn)了。”

不僅是他。邁阿密的無(wú)保險(xiǎn)房主比例最高,約為15%,而且該市的房屋價(jià)值絲毫沒(méi)有下降。一直以來(lái),這座城市極易受到惡劣天氣影響,每年都會(huì)遭受數(shù)十億美元的損失。然而人們似乎仍然在邁阿密買賣房屋,無(wú)論是否投保。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:辜傲詩(shī)

房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)呈現(xiàn)出一種風(fēng)險(xiǎn)極高的雙頭趨勢(shì)。一方面,由于房屋位于惡劣天氣區(qū),或者因?yàn)榇媪孔》筷惻f,保險(xiǎn)公司拒絕承保房產(chǎn)。另一方面,由于同樣的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),銀行不給房屋發(fā)放抵押貸款。其結(jié)果是住房市場(chǎng)進(jìn)一步兩極分化——可以投保和抵押的傳統(tǒng)房屋,以及只能以全現(xiàn)金和大幅折扣出售(如果還能賣得出去的話)的新興房產(chǎn)。

美國(guó)消費(fèi)者聯(lián)合會(huì)(the Consumer Federation of America)今年發(fā)布的一份報(bào)告給出這樣的結(jié)論:三年前,610萬(wàn)房主沒(méi)有給房屋上保險(xiǎn),價(jià)值1.6萬(wàn)億美元的無(wú)保險(xiǎn)房屋面臨風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。這是我們能掌握的最新的數(shù)據(jù),自那以來(lái)的情況只會(huì)更糟。然而這樣的房子仍然可以出售。美國(guó)數(shù)字新聞網(wǎng)站 Axios稱:“無(wú)法投保的房屋仍然在房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)上交易。” 該出版物在報(bào)道中稱,你不能為他們抵押貸款,但你可以全款購(gòu)買,并可能獲得大幅折扣。

我不必告訴你沒(méi)有保險(xiǎn)的財(cái)產(chǎn)有多大的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。如果你是一位億萬(wàn)富翁,只想要景色極佳的房子,而且錢多得用不盡,那么可能你不需要購(gòu)買房屋保險(xiǎn)。但對(duì)于居住在加利福尼亞州、佛羅里達(dá)州、得克薩斯州或其他易受惡劣天氣影響地區(qū)的典型美國(guó)人來(lái)說(shuō),這并不是一個(gè)選項(xiàng)。通常,只有低價(jià)值的房屋和低收入家庭才不去購(gòu)買房屋保險(xiǎn)。如果他們負(fù)擔(dān)不起迅速上漲的保費(fèi),或者根本找不到愿意承保的保險(xiǎn)公司,他們可能會(huì)選擇不投保。即便如此,加利福尼亞州和佛羅里達(dá)州等地設(shè)有自己的最后一道保險(xiǎn)網(wǎng),例如前者的公平計(jì)劃(FAIR Plan)和后者的公民計(jì)劃(Citizens)。

你需要知道的是,全美各地都在爆發(fā)保險(xiǎn)危機(jī),上述幾個(gè)州尤甚。在加利福尼亞,財(cái)產(chǎn)保險(xiǎn)公司正在限制他們承保的保單數(shù)量或拒絕承保新保單。在佛羅里達(dá),好幾個(gè)家庭保險(xiǎn)公司已經(jīng)逃離該州。保險(xiǎn)危機(jī)使房主和購(gòu)房者更難應(yīng)對(duì)高昂的價(jià)格和抵押貸款利率。

房地產(chǎn)咨詢公司CoreLogic的全球保險(xiǎn)解決方案業(yè)務(wù)總裁加里特·格瑞(Garret Gray)曾告訴我,他位于洛杉磯峽谷的房子幾乎無(wú)法投保。他說(shuō):“它的CoreLogic火災(zāi)評(píng)分非常糟糕。”在做出一些改變使房屋可投保之前,他幾乎不再考慮買賣這個(gè)房子。問(wèn)題是,有些人可能不會(huì)退出交易,而是試圖從賣家那里獲得更低的價(jià)格。

另一個(gè)例子來(lái)自邁阿密大學(xué)金融專業(yè)實(shí)踐助理教授、該市業(yè)主杰森·達(dá)姆(Jason Damm)。他曾告訴我,有一年他給房子續(xù)保后,保費(fèi)上漲了。然后保險(xiǎn)公司通知他,該公司退出該州的業(yè)務(wù),并取消他的保單。于是他的房子失去了保險(xiǎn),他也沒(méi)有決定該怎么做,因?yàn)橐胝业皆敢獬斜5墓荆杀竞芨撸y度很大。“我的房子沒(méi)買保險(xiǎn),這很危險(xiǎn),”達(dá)姆說(shuō)。“我一直在尋找承保商。保費(fèi)很貴,所以我還沒(méi)決定該怎么辦。這是一個(gè)大問(wèn)題。我的意思是,我不知道該怎么辦,應(yīng)該試著去找一家承保商,還是干脆不買保險(xiǎn)了。”

不僅是他。邁阿密的無(wú)保險(xiǎn)房主比例最高,約為15%,而且該市的房屋價(jià)值絲毫沒(méi)有下降。一直以來(lái),這座城市極易受到惡劣天氣影響,每年都會(huì)遭受數(shù)十億美元的損失。然而人們似乎仍然在邁阿密買賣房屋,無(wú)論是否投保。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:辜傲詩(shī)

There’s an incredibly risky two-pronged trend in the housing market. Insurance companies are refusing to cover properties because they’re located in severe weather zones or because the housing stock is old. And banks won’t give you a mortgage because of the same risk. The outcome is a further divided housing market—traditional homes that can be insured and mortgaged and a burgeoning segment of properties that can only be sold for cash and at a deep discount, if at all.

An estimated $1.6 trillion in property value of uninsured homes was at risk three years ago and 6.1 million homeowners were uninsured, concluded a report published this year from the Consumer Federation of America. It’s only grown worse since then, even if that is the most recent data available. And yet, such homes can still sell. According to Axios, “uninsurable homes still change hands on the housing market.” You can’t take a mortgage out on them, but you can pay all-cash, and probably receive a steep discount, the publication reported.

I don’t have to tell you how much of a risk it is to have an uninsured property. It may be less so if you’re a billionaire who wants a stunning view and has cash to burn. But for typical Americans living in California, Florida, Texas, or other states vulnerable to severe weather, not so much. More often than not, these are low-valued homes and low-income households that go uninsured. They may choose to go without insurance if they can’t afford rapidly rising premiums or if they simply can’t find an insurer to cover them. Even so, places such as California and Florida have their own last resort forms of coverage, whether it be the FAIR Plan for the former and Citizens for the latter.

What you need to know is there’s an insurance crisis unraveling across the country, especially in those states mentioned above. In California, property insurers are capping the number of policies they write or refusing to write new ones. In Florida, multiple home insurers have fled the state. Insurance woes have made it much harder for homeowners and homebuyers dealing with skyhigh prices and mortgage rates.

The president of CoreLogic’s global insurance solutions business, Garret Gray, once told me his house in a Los Angeles canyon was nearly uninsurable. “It’s got a really bad CoreLogic fire score,” he said. He almost backed out of the deal before he made some changes to make the home insurable. The thing is, some people might not back out of the deal. Instead, they might attempt to get a better deal from the seller.

Then there’s Jason Damm, an assistant professor of professional practice of finance at the University of Miami and a landlord in the city. He once told me that after renewing his insurance earlier that year, his premium went up. That was before the insurer sent him a notice that it was pulling out of the state and his policy was canceled. At the time, he was without insurance and hadn’t decided what to do because of how costly and difficult it was to find coverage. “I don’t have insurance on the house, which is quite dangerous,” Damm previously said. “I’ve been looking. It’s very expensive, so I’m trying to decide what to do. It’s a huge problem. I mean, I don’t know what I’m going to do with it, whether I’m going to try and find a policy or just go without insurance.”

It’s not just him. Miami happens to have the highest share of uninsured homeowners, about 15% worth, and its home values haven’t fallen at all. All the while, the city is extremely vulnerable to climate related events, which costs the entire country billions of dollars a year. So it seems people are still buying and selling homes in Miami, insured or uninsured.

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