民主黨選舉變動、政治暴力、戰(zhàn)爭、槍擊、最高法院裁決、大選、名人死亡。
如果持續(xù)的新聞轟炸讓你感到焦慮、驚訝、情緒低落或不知所措——何況你還得考慮每天的生活,例如工作、照看孩子等——有此感受的并非只有你一人。
俄亥俄州立大學韋克斯納醫(yī)學中心(Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center)Gabbe健康辦公室和壓力、創(chuàng)傷和復原力(STAR)項目主任、心理醫(yī)生阿里安娜·加利格爾解釋說:“每當我們面臨不確定性的時候,我們的大腦就會進入‘或戰(zhàn)或逃’模式,這實際上是我們的身體按下了暫停鍵,以弄清楚如何以最佳的方式應對危機。我覺得人們之所以難以像平時那樣做出反應,是因為腎上腺素和皮質(zhì)醇沒了用武之地,尤其是在自身生存受到威脅,而且不知道該具體做什么的時候。”
加利格爾解釋說,“或戰(zhàn)或逃”模式簡而言之就是大腦在感知到某種威脅之后的化學物質(zhì)釋放。她說:“這些化學物質(zhì)可以讓人產(chǎn)生不同的行為反應。”一種表現(xiàn)是“戰(zhàn)斗”創(chuàng)傷反應,“也就是人們會嘗試反抗所有可能的威脅”,她對《財富》雜志說道。
另一個表現(xiàn)是“逃跑”,這意味著你的直覺是遠離或規(guī)避這一局面。還有“不知所措”的現(xiàn)象,也就是“很多人在某種程度上會陷入呆滯,因為實在是想不出任何應對之策。”也存在“討好”現(xiàn)象,即“某種程度的放棄、投降或者嘗試平息事態(tài)。”
每個人會如何反應取決于很多因素,包括事情本身、個人此前的生活經(jīng)歷以及你的直接感受。她說:“不管你做出了何種反應,該反應的本意就是幫助你度過這場危機。”
尤其在唐納德·特朗普遭暗殺未遂之后,“所有人都希望弄清楚,到底發(fā)生了什么?這一切意味著什么?我們今后該何去何從?接下來會怎么樣?我覺得,這類事件的發(fā)生會引發(fā)一定程度的恐懼感,這是十分正常的現(xiàn)象,例如進展怎么樣了,會產(chǎn)生什么后果?”
另一個常見的反應是憤怒
如果你沒有陷入呆滯 ,反而將怒火發(fā)泄在配偶身上呢?馬里蘭州心理醫(yī)師史蒂夫?斯托斯尼表示,這可能是人們無法面對負面新聞的另一種反應。在2016年大選期間,斯托斯尼杜撰了“頭條新聞應激障礙”(headline stress disorder)一詞,用于指代頭條新聞所引發(fā)的壓力和焦慮。此外,全天候的新聞循環(huán)播報、社交媒體、持續(xù)不斷的戰(zhàn)爭和不斷增長的指責會不斷融入工作、社交和家庭生活,壓力和焦慮將愈發(fā)嚴重。
斯托斯尼是《一飛沖天:如何使用大腦中最復雜的部位應對各種壓力》(Soar Above: How to Use the Most Profound Part of Your Brain Under Any Kind of Stress)一書的作者,他對《財富》雜志說:“焦慮通常是一種常見的中央神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)反應。換句話說,它并非是由特定的事物觸發(fā),而是人們大腦應對整個周邊環(huán)境的一種方式,憤怒一直都是指責的導火索。同時,有關指責的規(guī)律顯示,最終,最親近的那個人將成為指責對象。”
他說,這一點是“經(jīng)典的弗洛伊德式憤怒轉(zhuǎn)移。”早在2016年,斯托斯尼在治療伊始就會問客戶,爭吵之前的一瞬間都發(fā)生了什么?斯托斯尼的治療對象是那些長期受怨恨、憤怒和情感虐待折磨的人士。他說:“超過80%的時間,這些人的手機會不停地收到新聞訊息提示……因此,你的憤怒閾值大幅降低了,點燃怒火并不用耗費多大力氣。
今后該怎么辦?要有意識地去做事,不要盲目吸收負面消息
加利格爾表示:“世界一直在變化。”她說,為了讓自己順應這一趨勢,“人們確實得有意識地去做一些事情。”
如果你覺得難以應對,感到左右為難,或無法集中注意力,那么可以先深呼吸幾次,然后仔細審視自身目前的狀態(tài)。她說:“你的大腦可能會陷入一定程度的慌亂,這是正常的。”不過問問自己,“如今,你眼前都有什么?……關于你接下來需要關注的事情,哪些方面是你或多或少可以掌控的?”或許,你可以掌控的事情就是短時間地放下手頭正在做的事情,讓自己放松一下。
她建議說:“有些事情可能在你掌控范圍內(nèi),例如馬上為自己與某類媒體的互動設限。”(例如停止狂刷負面新聞)。“是否可以調(diào)整自身的新聞閱讀量,讓其能夠更好地幫助自己度過每一天?”規(guī)定自己每天只能在早上和下午各查看新聞一次,但不能在睡前查閱。記住:“如果真出現(xiàn)了一些極其重要的突發(fā)新聞……它們會通過多個渠道傳播,因此我們肯定不會錯過。”
斯托斯尼建議關掉所有新聞提示信息,并將更多的時間用于開展活動和親近自然,并花時間與朋友和家人進行深入溝通。
專注于可掌控的事物
斯托斯尼表示:“當專注的事情并不受自己掌控時,人們都會變得焦慮或憤怒。這也是為什么人們會對政治和宗教這類他們無法左右的事情感到憤怒的原因。如果你所專注的事情在自己影響范圍之內(nèi),例如自身行為,家人福祉以及非常重要的事情”,那么人們就不會慌亂。
斯托斯尼還表示,人們還有必要記住和欣賞自身應對困難的能力。他說:“你知道的[負面新聞]越少,那么你對此事的焦慮感就越小。”一個無法預料的因素就是你對自身應對能力的認知程度。他對此進行了解釋:換句話說,你擔心會發(fā)生不好的事情,例如你討厭的候選者當選,但你對此卻是無能為力。他說:“你覺得自己無力應對此事,不過你也將釋然,因為此前也有過類似先例,自己也都挺過來了。”
人們還可以采取更多的舉措,斯托斯尼建議說:首先,放慢思考節(jié)奏。“焦慮思想很快就會過去,遠快于主動關注,因此人們有必要給思考降降速……每次思考都會刺激身體產(chǎn)生少量皮質(zhì)醇,而某些思考將刺激腎上腺素的分泌,繼而引發(fā)或戰(zhàn)或逃的反應。”接下來,測算每個擔憂事件的可能性,然后列出一個具體清單,標明如果最恐懼的事情發(fā)生了,自己都可以做哪些事情。
劃定邊界——允許自己開小差
加利格爾警告說,每個人都需要支持系統(tǒng)以及一些空間來消化他人給自己帶來的焦慮,“我認為尋求支持系統(tǒng)的幫助確實具有治療作用,前提是你得劃定邊界,這樣就不會出現(xiàn)恐慌思維相互助長的局面。”關鍵在于,在討論當中要留意獲取相互支持,并掌握如何在事情開始“遠超范圍并滑向焦慮深淵”之前,將其引導回來。
當與持有不同觀念的人打交道時,劃定邊界亦十分重要。“如果對話氛圍開始變得過于緊張或過于激動,可以選擇暫停討論。我們可以說,‘好吧,今天就到此為止把。我希望保護我們之間的關系,而且我們對此持有不同看法。可以聊點別的嗎?’”
最終,別忘了開展一些有時間限制、有益身心的消遣活動,可以是觀看一部有趣的電影、逗樂視頻或最新的TikTok舞蹈。加利格爾說:“每個人都需要放松一下。”
她說,最重要的還是努力尋找平衡。“人們應該采取一種類似于擺動的策略,也就是在一段時間內(nèi)應該有意識地去了解全世界發(fā)生的事情,然后向前[邁進]……再轉(zhuǎn)向自我照顧的需要?為自己畫一個框架,然后游走于框架內(nèi)部,我覺得對于大家來說,這種自定的條框或許要健康得多。”(財富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:馮豐
審校:夏林
民主黨選舉變動、政治暴力、戰(zhàn)爭、槍擊、最高法院裁決、大選、名人死亡。
如果持續(xù)的新聞轟炸讓你感到焦慮、驚訝、情緒低落或不知所措——何況你還得考慮每天的生活,例如工作、照看孩子等——有此感受的并非只有你一人。
俄亥俄州立大學韋克斯納醫(yī)學中心(Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center)Gabbe健康辦公室和壓力、創(chuàng)傷和復原力(STAR)項目主任、心理醫(yī)生阿里安娜·加利格爾解釋說:“每當我們面臨不確定性的時候,我們的大腦就會進入‘或戰(zhàn)或逃’模式,這實際上是我們的身體按下了暫停鍵,以弄清楚如何以最佳的方式應對危機。我覺得人們之所以難以像平時那樣做出反應,是因為腎上腺素和皮質(zhì)醇沒了用武之地,尤其是在自身生存受到威脅,而且不知道該具體做什么的時候。”
加利格爾解釋說,“或戰(zhàn)或逃”模式簡而言之就是大腦在感知到某種威脅之后的化學物質(zhì)釋放。她說:“這些化學物質(zhì)可以讓人產(chǎn)生不同的行為反應。”一種表現(xiàn)是“戰(zhàn)斗”創(chuàng)傷反應,“也就是人們會嘗試反抗所有可能的威脅”,她對《財富》雜志說道。
另一個表現(xiàn)是“逃跑”,這意味著你的直覺是遠離或規(guī)避這一局面。還有“不知所措”的現(xiàn)象,也就是“很多人在某種程度上會陷入呆滯,因為實在是想不出任何應對之策。”也存在“討好”現(xiàn)象,即“某種程度的放棄、投降或者嘗試平息事態(tài)。”
每個人會如何反應取決于很多因素,包括事情本身、個人此前的生活經(jīng)歷以及你的直接感受。她說:“不管你做出了何種反應,該反應的本意就是幫助你度過這場危機。”
尤其在唐納德·特朗普遭暗殺未遂之后,“所有人都希望弄清楚,到底發(fā)生了什么?這一切意味著什么?我們今后該何去何從?接下來會怎么樣?我覺得,這類事件的發(fā)生會引發(fā)一定程度的恐懼感,這是十分正常的現(xiàn)象,例如進展怎么樣了,會產(chǎn)生什么后果?”
另一個常見的反應是憤怒
如果你沒有陷入呆滯 ,反而將怒火發(fā)泄在配偶身上呢?馬里蘭州心理醫(yī)師史蒂夫?斯托斯尼表示,這可能是人們無法面對負面新聞的另一種反應。在2016年大選期間,斯托斯尼杜撰了“頭條新聞應激障礙”(headline stress disorder)一詞,用于指代頭條新聞所引發(fā)的壓力和焦慮。此外,全天候的新聞循環(huán)播報、社交媒體、持續(xù)不斷的戰(zhàn)爭和不斷增長的指責會不斷融入工作、社交和家庭生活,壓力和焦慮將愈發(fā)嚴重。
斯托斯尼是《一飛沖天:如何使用大腦中最復雜的部位應對各種壓力》(Soar Above: How to Use the Most Profound Part of Your Brain Under Any Kind of Stress)一書的作者,他對《財富》雜志說:“焦慮通常是一種常見的中央神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)反應。換句話說,它并非是由特定的事物觸發(fā),而是人們大腦應對整個周邊環(huán)境的一種方式,憤怒一直都是指責的導火索。同時,有關指責的規(guī)律顯示,最終,最親近的那個人將成為指責對象。”
他說,這一點是“經(jīng)典的弗洛伊德式憤怒轉(zhuǎn)移。”早在2016年,斯托斯尼在治療伊始就會問客戶,爭吵之前的一瞬間都發(fā)生了什么?斯托斯尼的治療對象是那些長期受怨恨、憤怒和情感虐待折磨的人士。他說:“超過80%的時間,這些人的手機會不停地收到新聞訊息提示……因此,你的憤怒閾值大幅降低了,點燃怒火并不用耗費多大力氣。
今后該怎么辦?要有意識地去做事,不要盲目吸收負面消息
加利格爾表示:“世界一直在變化。”她說,為了讓自己順應這一趨勢,“人們確實得有意識地去做一些事情。”
如果你覺得難以應對,感到左右為難,或無法集中注意力,那么可以先深呼吸幾次,然后仔細審視自身目前的狀態(tài)。她說:“你的大腦可能會陷入一定程度的慌亂,這是正常的。”不過問問自己,“如今,你眼前都有什么?……關于你接下來需要關注的事情,哪些方面是你或多或少可以掌控的?”或許,你可以掌控的事情就是短時間地放下手頭正在做的事情,讓自己放松一下。
她建議說:“有些事情可能在你掌控范圍內(nèi),例如馬上為自己與某類媒體的互動設限。”(例如停止狂刷負面新聞)。“是否可以調(diào)整自身的新聞閱讀量,讓其能夠更好地幫助自己度過每一天?”規(guī)定自己每天只能在早上和下午各查看新聞一次,但不能在睡前查閱。記住:“如果真出現(xiàn)了一些極其重要的突發(fā)新聞……它們會通過多個渠道傳播,因此我們肯定不會錯過。”
斯托斯尼建議關掉所有新聞提示信息,并將更多的時間用于開展活動和親近自然,并花時間與朋友和家人進行深入溝通。
專注于可掌控的事物
斯托斯尼表示:“當專注的事情并不受自己掌控時,人們都會變得焦慮或憤怒。這也是為什么人們會對政治和宗教這類他們無法左右的事情感到憤怒的原因。如果你所專注的事情在自己影響范圍之內(nèi),例如自身行為,家人福祉以及非常重要的事情”,那么人們就不會慌亂。
斯托斯尼還表示,人們還有必要記住和欣賞自身應對困難的能力。他說:“你知道的[負面新聞]越少,那么你對此事的焦慮感就越小。”一個無法預料的因素就是你對自身應對能力的認知程度。他對此進行了解釋:換句話說,你擔心會發(fā)生不好的事情,例如你討厭的候選者當選,但你對此卻是無能為力。他說:“你覺得自己無力應對此事,不過你也將釋然,因為此前也有過類似先例,自己也都挺過來了。”
人們還可以采取更多的舉措,斯托斯尼建議說:首先,放慢思考節(jié)奏。“焦慮思想很快就會過去,遠快于主動關注,因此人們有必要給思考降降速……每次思考都會刺激身體產(chǎn)生少量皮質(zhì)醇,而某些思考將刺激腎上腺素的分泌,繼而引發(fā)或戰(zhàn)或逃的反應。”接下來,測算每個擔憂事件的可能性,然后列出一個具體清單,標明如果最恐懼的事情發(fā)生了,自己都可以做哪些事情。
劃定邊界——允許自己開小差
加利格爾警告說,每個人都需要支持系統(tǒng)以及一些空間來消化他人給自己帶來的焦慮,“我認為尋求支持系統(tǒng)的幫助確實具有治療作用,前提是你得劃定邊界,這樣就不會出現(xiàn)恐慌思維相互助長的局面。”關鍵在于,在討論當中要留意獲取相互支持,并掌握如何在事情開始“遠超范圍并滑向焦慮深淵”之前,將其引導回來。
當與持有不同觀念的人打交道時,劃定邊界亦十分重要。“如果對話氛圍開始變得過于緊張或過于激動,可以選擇暫停討論。我們可以說,‘好吧,今天就到此為止把。我希望保護我們之間的關系,而且我們對此持有不同看法。可以聊點別的嗎?’”
最終,別忘了開展一些有時間限制、有益身心的消遣活動,可以是觀看一部有趣的電影、逗樂視頻或最新的TikTok舞蹈。加利格爾說:“每個人都需要放松一下。”
她說,最重要的還是努力尋找平衡。“人們應該采取一種類似于擺動的策略,也就是在一段時間內(nèi)應該有意識地去了解全世界發(fā)生的事情,然后向前[邁進]……再轉(zhuǎn)向自我照顧的需要?為自己畫一個框架,然后游走于框架內(nèi)部,我覺得對于大家來說,這種自定的條框或許要健康得多。”(財富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:馮豐
審校:夏林
A Democratic campaign shake-up. Political violence. War. Shootings. Supreme Court decisions. Election campaigning. High-profile deaths.
If the constant barrage of news is leaving you feeling anxious, stunned, deflated, or paralyzed—particularly when it comes to getting through the regular tasks of your day, from work to childcare—you are definitely not alone.
“Anytime we’re faced with a moment of uncertainty, our brain is going to go into that ‘fight or flight’ mode—which is really just our body’s way of installing a pause point to figure out how best to navigate through a crisis,” explains therapist Arianna Galligher, director of the Gabbe Well-Being Office and the Stress, Trauma and Resilience (STAR) Program at the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center. “I think what makes it so challenging to function as typical—particularly when the threat is more of an existential nature, and there’s nothing concrete to do—there really isn’t any place for that adrenaline and cortisol to go.”
“Fight or flight,” Galligher explains, is the shorthand way of referring to the release of chemicals that occurs in the brain when it perceives some sort of a threat. “It can manifest in different kinds of behavioral reactions,” she says. On one end is the “fight” trauma response, “where you’re going to try to stand up against whatever that threat may be,” she tells Fortune.
On the other end is “flight,” meaning your instinct will be to run away from or avoid the situation. Then there’s “freeze,” which is “where a lot of people sort of feel paralyzed, because it’s really hard to find any action to take,” Galligher explains. And then there’s “fawn,” where we “just sort of give up, surrender, and or try to placate the situation.”
How an individual responds depends on many things—the situation, one’s previous life experiences, and simply how you’re wired. “But whatever your reaction is, it’s really meant to help you survive through that crisis,” she says.
Particularly in the aftermath of an event such as the assassination attempt on Donald Trump, she adds, “We’re all sort of collectively trying to make sense of what happened. What does it mean? How do we move forward? What’s going to happen next? I think there’s a little bit of dread that is really common to accompany events like this, where it’s like, where does it end?”
Another common response is anger
What if you’re not feeling particularly frozen, but instead find yourself snapping at your spouse? That could be another response to bad-news overload, explains Maryland-based therapist Steven Stosny, who coined the phrase “headline stress disorder” during the 2016 election cycle, referring to stress and anxiety triggered by news headlines—and fueled by 24-hour news cycles, social media, ongoing wars, and increasing vitriol—that spills into work, social, and family life.
“Anxiety is a general central nervous system response,” Stosny, the author of Soar Above: How to Use the Most Profound Part of Your Brain Under Any Kind of Stress, tells Fortune. “In other words, it’s not specific to what triggered it. It’s your brain’s way of processing your entire environment—and anger is always an attribution of blame. And the law of blame is that eventually it goes to the closest person.”
That, he says, is “classic Freudian displacement of anger.” In his practice, where he specializes in people dealing with chronic resentment, anger, and emotional abuse, he started asking clients what had happened immediately before an argument back in 2016. “Over 80% of the time it was that they had been getting news alerts on their smartphone … So your threshold of anger is greatly lowered, and it doesn’t take as much to trigger it,” he says.
How do we keep going? Be intentional—and stop doomscrolling.
“The world keeps turning,” says Galligher. And to do that ourselves, she says, “we do have to be a little bit intentional.”
If you feel overwhelmed or stuck or unable to concentrate, start by taking a few deep breaths while taking stock of where you are right now. “It makes sense that your mind might go to a little bit of a catastrophic place,” she says, but ask yourself, “What’s right here in front of you right now? … What is it that you actually have some control over in terms of what you’re going to focus on next?” Maybe what you can control is stepping away from whatever you’re doing for a few minutes and taking a break.
“Maybe what you can control is setting limits with how much you engage with certain forms of media right now,” she suggests (for example: stop doomscrolling). “Can you adjust your dose of the news to be a little bit more in line with what’s going to help you function throughout the day?” Give yourself permission to check news updates maybe once in the morning and once in the afternoon, but never close to bedtime, knowing that “ if there really is some kind of dire breaking news … they will come across multiple avenues, so we’re not going to miss it.”
Stosny recommends disabling all news alerts—as well as spending more time being active and in nature, and making time to really connect with friends and family.
Focus on what you can control
“You’re always going to be anxious or angry when you focus on things you can’t control—that’s why people get angry about politics and religion, things that can’t really influence,” Stosny says. “So if you focus on what you can influence, which is your own behavior, the well-being of your family, things that are really important,” he says, that will be calming.
Also vital, notes Stosny, is to remember and appreciate your ability to cope with difficult things. “The less you know about [a stressful bit of news], the more anxious you’re going to be about it. And the wild card is your perceived ability to cope,” he says, explaining that, in other words, you’re worried that something bad is going to happen—the candidate you hate wins, for example—and you’re not going to be able to handle it. “You don’t think you can cope with it,” he says, “but of course, you will. Other candidates have won before, and you coped with it.”
You can then take it a step further, Stosny recommends: First, slow down your thoughts. “The anxious thoughts go by very fast, much faster than conscious attention, and you need to slow them down … as each thought is stimulating a little bit of cortisol, and some of them are stimulating adrenaline for that fight or flight response.” Next, assign each worry a probability, and then make a concrete list of what you could do if your worst fear comes true.
Have boundaries—and give yourself permission for distractions
Everybody needs a support system and some space for processing their anxieties with those people, Galligher says—with a caveat: “I think engaging with your support system can be really therapeutic, as long as you put a frame around it so that you’re not feeding off of each other’s catastrophic thought process.” It’s all about being intentional about accessing mutual support in your discussions—and knowing how to walk it back when it starts to “get too far into a realm of Armageddon.”
It’s also important to have boundaries when engaging with people who have different perspectives. “If the conversation starts to get too contentious or too emotional, you know, what? We can say, ‘Okay, that’s enough for now. I want to preserve this relationship, and we don’t agree on this. So what can we talk about instead?’”
Finally, don’t forget about time-limited, healthy distractions—whether that means watching a funny movie, silly cat videos or the latest TikTok dance. “Everybody needs a break,” Galligher says.
Bottom line, she says, is to try and find balance. “It makes sense to adopt sort of an oscillation strategy where you’re going to intentionally engage with what’s going on in the world for a time, and then [move] toward … What do I need now to be able to take care of myself? Setting up a frame for yourself where you’re moving back and forth between those two I think tends to be a much healthier cadence for people.”