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獨家:美國醫生群體處于崩潰邊緣

BETH GREENFIELD
2024-06-01

低薪資、高工作負荷、勞動力短缺造成美國醫生倦怠情緒肆虐。

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很多醫生感覺工作勞累過度而且薪資偏低。

美國醫生們的狀況并不是很好。

一項新調查顯示,低薪資、高工作負荷以及勞動力短缺是造成美國醫生倦怠情緒肆虐的罪魁禍首,而且這一現象可能給為醫療領域帶來災難性后果。

醫療專業人士在線交流平臺Doximity發布的《2024醫生薪酬報告》(2024 Physician Compensation Report)顯示,約81%的醫生表示自己處于過度工作的狀態。該平臺向《財富》獨家分享了這一內容。研究人員在2023年對3.3萬名美國全職醫生進行了調查,并查閱了近期其他數千份調查。另有88%的醫生稱,當前醫生短缺問題使得其執業受到了負面影響;86%的醫生對美國醫療系統照看老齡化人口的能力表示擔憂。

醫生的士氣異常低落,以至于約30%的醫生正在考慮提前退休。這對于美國來說是一場潛在的災難,因為70%的美國民眾已然對醫療系統感到失望。

Doximity首席醫生體驗官、急診醫學醫生阿米特?富爾博士對告訴《財富》雜志:“我們發現,自己經常忙得焦頭爛額。我認為,很多醫生一開始可能會覺得‘這個地方需要我,我學醫就是為了這一天’,但隨著[疫情]的結束,他們開始反思,并圍繞成本和生活工作平衡,重新思考自己對醫學職業的選擇。”

工作多了,薪水少了

一直以來,醫生并不是一份輕松的工作,工作時間長、需要應對情緒激動的對話,而且還有數不完的責任。

此外,如今病患的疾病要比幾十年前更嚴重,而且通常患有多種合并癥,例如風濕、糖尿病和哮喘。富爾表示:“一想到要照顧這個日漸老齡化、疾病更嚴重的群體,醫生們就會感到無比恐懼。”

該報告稱,醫生們同時還承擔著沉重的行政負擔,這是消耗其時間和精力最嚴重的因素之一。每接診一小時,醫生們當天就得花費約2小時來處理各種文件,同時還得在夜里花費1-2小時的時間。約75%的受調醫生稱,減少其行政負擔能夠有效改善其工作過度勞累和倦怠的感受。

富爾表示:“醫生求學的目的、接受培訓的目的以及實際從事的工作之間存在著不平衡的現象。我覺得在這一方面還有很大的改善余地。”

盡管醫生的整體收入實際上在增加,但整體收入并不能代表行業的全貌。報告稱,醫生人均收入在2023年增長了6%,大都市區醫生的薪資約為45萬美元,例如加州圣何塞、密蘇里州圣路易斯這類地區。然而報告顯示,醫保系統醫生薪資自2001年暴跌了26%,很多地區在多年的高通脹之后對醫生薪資的調整并不到位。Education Data Initiative稱,很多醫生還背負著醫學院債務重擔,醫生平均貸款額約為20萬美元。

這意味著,盡管一些醫生拿著很高的工資,但很多醫生的調整后薪酬實際上有所下滑——可謂是有苦說不出,尤其是考慮到眾多美國民眾依然認為所有的醫生都很富有。

誠然,與美國勞動力收入中值相比,醫生的薪資還是很高的。美國勞工統計局(Bureau of Labor Statistics)的收入報告顯示,美國全職工人的平均年薪略高于5.9萬美元,而大都市區醫生的平均薪酬約為40萬美元。富爾稱,一方面,人們對醫生的薪資已經形成了固有看法,另一方面,醫生這個職業實際上已經變得非常辛苦而且如履薄冰,這兩者之間的差距是導致醫生出現倦怠感以及幡然醒悟的眾多因素之一。

他說:“對于當前醫療系統中的醫生來說,現實與人們的認知存在出入。”

性別薪資差距是美國勞動力普遍存在的一個問題,在醫生這個群體中尤為突出。報告稱,這一差距從2022年的26%微降至2023年的23%,但差距依然非常大。女性醫生的平均收入要比其男性同行低近10.2萬美元。Doximity據此估計,在整個職業生涯當中,同一領域的男性醫生要比女性醫生多掙200多萬美元。

醫生蒂娜·楚告訴《財富》雜志:“我不敢相信差距竟然有這么大。”作為常駐圣地亞哥的兒科大夫,蒂娜所在的科室是醫學行業收入最低的部門之一,而且其所在的地區是美國收入最低的區域之一。

她還表示:“閱讀報告真的讓我感到一絲沮喪。不過,報告也讓我清晰地意識到這個問題,要不然我也不知道自己的收入在全國范圍內處于什么樣的水平。這樣,我便知道了自己的潛在價值,并能夠在未來為自己爭取權益。”

行醫的未來

隨著美國人口的老齡化,其醫生亦面臨同樣的問題。

早在倦怠導致提前退休這個問題出現之前,醫生老齡化便給當前的醫療系統帶來了威脅。Doximity的報告也證實了美國醫學院協會(AAMC)此前公布的發現:當前,65歲以上的醫生已占到醫生群體的20%,55-64歲之間的醫生占到了22%。該機構預測,到2036年,美國的醫生缺口將達到8.6萬名。

富爾表示,如何尋找替代醫生這個問題十分復雜。首先,新醫生進入勞動力池的時間沒有這么快。新職位的創建可能有助于緩解醫生短缺,包括護士和醫生助理,但它跟不上勞動力短缺的步伐。

是不是這個問題就無解了呢?不一定,富爾說道。盡管存在上述挑戰,富爾依然對美國醫療的未來十分樂觀。很多醫生也對此充滿希望,例如,最近美國聯邦貿易委員會(Federal Trade Commission)廢除競業禁止條款的舉措或將造福醫生這個行業。

他說:“此舉可能會導致醫療行業出現巨大變化,因為對于像我這樣持有多州行醫執照的醫生而言,此舉將提供大量的流動工作機會。我在其他地區行醫的潛在機會將得到極大的拓展,在當前醫生短缺的情況下,此舉有助于完美地解決部分問題。”

對于如何緩解這一壓力,受調對象還提出了其他一些辦法,例如增加教育基金,培訓更多的醫生;實施貸款減免計劃來激勵醫生前往服務不足的地區工作;擴大線上就診方案,以增加病患獲取醫療服務的渠道;以及使用人工智能工具來協助行政管理任務。

“受調醫生表示,如果擁有訓練有素的人工智能工具來處理文件,幫助整理筆記和申訴信件,那么他們每周可以節約12-13個小時的時間,” 富爾說,“我覺得這些時間將極大地改善醫生們的狀態。”(財富中文網)

譯者:馮豐

審校:夏林

很多醫生感覺工作勞累過度而且薪資偏低。

美國醫生們的狀況并不是很好。

一項新調查顯示,低薪資、高工作負荷以及勞動力短缺是造成美國醫生倦怠情緒肆虐的罪魁禍首,而且這一現象可能給為醫療領域帶來災難性后果。

醫療專業人士在線交流平臺Doximity發布的《2024醫生薪酬報告》(2024 Physician Compensation Report)顯示,約81%的醫生表示自己處于過度工作的狀態。該平臺向《財富》獨家分享了這一內容。研究人員在2023年對3.3萬名美國全職醫生進行了調查,并查閱了近期其他數千份調查。另有88%的醫生稱,當前醫生短缺問題使得其執業受到了負面影響;86%的醫生對美國醫療系統照看老齡化人口的能力表示擔憂。

醫生的士氣異常低落,以至于約30%的醫生正在考慮提前退休。這對于美國來說是一場潛在的災難,因為70%的美國民眾已然對醫療系統感到失望。

Doximity首席醫生體驗官、急診醫學醫生阿米特?富爾博士對告訴《財富》雜志:“我們發現,自己經常忙得焦頭爛額。我認為,很多醫生一開始可能會覺得‘這個地方需要我,我學醫就是為了這一天’,但隨著[疫情]的結束,他們開始反思,并圍繞成本和生活工作平衡,重新思考自己對醫學職業的選擇。”

工作多了,薪水少了

一直以來,醫生并不是一份輕松的工作,工作時間長、需要應對情緒激動的對話,而且還有數不完的責任。

此外,如今病患的疾病要比幾十年前更嚴重,而且通常患有多種合并癥,例如風濕、糖尿病和哮喘。富爾表示:“一想到要照顧這個日漸老齡化、疾病更嚴重的群體,醫生們就會感到無比恐懼。”

該報告稱,醫生們同時還承擔著沉重的行政負擔,這是消耗其時間和精力最嚴重的因素之一。每接診一小時,醫生們當天就得花費約2小時來處理各種文件,同時還得在夜里花費1-2小時的時間。約75%的受調醫生稱,減少其行政負擔能夠有效改善其工作過度勞累和倦怠的感受。

富爾表示:“醫生求學的目的、接受培訓的目的以及實際從事的工作之間存在著不平衡的現象。我覺得在這一方面還有很大的改善余地。”

盡管醫生的整體收入實際上在增加,但整體收入并不能代表行業的全貌。報告稱,醫生人均收入在2023年增長了6%,大都市區醫生的薪資約為45萬美元,例如加州圣何塞、密蘇里州圣路易斯這類地區。然而報告顯示,醫保系統醫生薪資自2001年暴跌了26%,很多地區在多年的高通脹之后對醫生薪資的調整并不到位。Education Data Initiative稱,很多醫生還背負著醫學院債務重擔,醫生平均貸款額約為20萬美元。

這意味著,盡管一些醫生拿著很高的工資,但很多醫生的調整后薪酬實際上有所下滑——可謂是有苦說不出,尤其是考慮到眾多美國民眾依然認為所有的醫生都很富有。

誠然,與美國勞動力收入中值相比,醫生的薪資還是很高的。美國勞工統計局(Bureau of Labor Statistics)的收入報告顯示,美國全職工人的平均年薪略高于5.9萬美元,而大都市區醫生的平均薪酬約為40萬美元。富爾稱,一方面,人們對醫生的薪資已經形成了固有看法,另一方面,醫生這個職業實際上已經變得非常辛苦而且如履薄冰,這兩者之間的差距是導致醫生出現倦怠感以及幡然醒悟的眾多因素之一。

他說:“對于當前醫療系統中的醫生來說,現實與人們的認知存在出入。”

性別薪資差距是美國勞動力普遍存在的一個問題,在醫生這個群體中尤為突出。報告稱,這一差距從2022年的26%微降至2023年的23%,但差距依然非常大。女性醫生的平均收入要比其男性同行低近10.2萬美元。Doximity據此估計,在整個職業生涯當中,同一領域的男性醫生要比女性醫生多掙200多萬美元。

醫生蒂娜·楚告訴《財富》雜志:“我不敢相信差距竟然有這么大。”作為常駐圣地亞哥的兒科大夫,蒂娜所在的科室是醫學行業收入最低的部門之一,而且其所在的地區是美國收入最低的區域之一。

她還表示:“閱讀報告真的讓我感到一絲沮喪。不過,報告也讓我清晰地意識到這個問題,要不然我也不知道自己的收入在全國范圍內處于什么樣的水平。這樣,我便知道了自己的潛在價值,并能夠在未來為自己爭取權益。”

行醫的未來

隨著美國人口的老齡化,其醫生亦面臨同樣的問題。

早在倦怠導致提前退休這個問題出現之前,醫生老齡化便給當前的醫療系統帶來了威脅。Doximity的報告也證實了美國醫學院協會(AAMC)此前公布的發現:當前,65歲以上的醫生已占到醫生群體的20%,55-64歲之間的醫生占到了22%。該機構預測,到2036年,美國的醫生缺口將達到8.6萬名。

富爾表示,如何尋找替代醫生這個問題十分復雜。首先,新醫生進入勞動力池的時間沒有這么快。新職位的創建可能有助于緩解醫生短缺,包括護士和醫生助理,但它跟不上勞動力短缺的步伐。

是不是這個問題就無解了呢?不一定,富爾說道。盡管存在上述挑戰,富爾依然對美國醫療的未來十分樂觀。很多醫生也對此充滿希望,例如,最近美國聯邦貿易委員會(Federal Trade Commission)廢除競業禁止條款的舉措或將造福醫生這個行業。

他說:“此舉可能會導致醫療行業出現巨大變化,因為對于像我這樣持有多州行醫執照的醫生而言,此舉將提供大量的流動工作機會。我在其他地區行醫的潛在機會將得到極大的拓展,在當前醫生短缺的情況下,此舉有助于完美地解決部分問題。”

對于如何緩解這一壓力,受調對象還提出了其他一些辦法,例如增加教育基金,培訓更多的醫生;實施貸款減免計劃來激勵醫生前往服務不足的地區工作;擴大線上就診方案,以增加病患獲取醫療服務的渠道;以及使用人工智能工具來協助行政管理任務。

“受調醫生表示,如果擁有訓練有素的人工智能工具來處理文件,幫助整理筆記和申訴信件,那么他們每周可以節約12-13個小時的時間,” 富爾說,“我覺得這些時間將極大地改善醫生們的狀態。”(財富中文網)

譯者:馮豐

審校:夏林

Many physicians are feeling overworked and undervalued, finds a report from Doximity.

The doctors are not all right.

Low pay, high workloads, and a labor shortage are all contributing to a burnout epidemic among American physicians, and it could spell disaster for health care, according to a new survey.

Around 81% of doctors say they’re overworked in the 2024 Physician Compensation Report released today from Doximity, an online networking platform for medical professionals, and shared exclusively with Fortune. Researchers polled 33,000 full-time U.S. physicians in 2023, and drew on data from thousands of other recent surveys. Another 88% say the existing physician shortage is causing their practice to suffer, and 86% say they’re concerned about the American health care system’s ability to care for an aging population.

Morale is so low that around 30% of doctors are considering early retirement—a potential disaster for a country in which 70% of people already feel like the health care system has failed them.

“We find ourselves in a position where we are often stretched quite thin,” Dr. Amit Phull, Doximity’s chief physician experience officer and an emergency medicine physician, tells Fortune. “I think as the [pandemic] dust settles, there’s a lot of reconsideration for folks who at the outset might have felt, ‘This is the place that I need to be, this is why I trained.’ They’re now reconsidering careers in medicine, in terms of the cost and the balance.”

More work for less pay

Physicians have always had tough jobs, whether that means long hours, emotionally taxing conversations, or a dizzying amount of responsibility.

But patients today are sicker than they were just a few decades ago, and often suffer from multiple comorbidities such as arthritis, diabetes, and asthma. “The specter of taking care of this aging, sicker population is just that much more daunting,” says Phull.

Doctors are also buckling under a heavy administrative burden, one of the most significant drains on their time and energy, according to the report. For every hour of direct patient care, doctors spend around two hours on paperwork during the day, and another one to two hours at night. Around 75% of doctors surveyed said that reducing their administrative burden could meaningfully improve feelings of overwork and burnout.

“That imbalance between what we went to school for and what we trained for and what we are practically, really doing? I think improvements there can be quite substantive,” says Phull.

And while pay for doctors is actually increasing overall, top-line numbers don’t tell the whole story. Average physician pay went up 6% in 2023, according to the report, and physicians in major metro areas like San Jose, Calif., and St. Louis, Mo., are earning salaries of around $450,000. But Medicare physician payment has plummeted 26% since 2001, according to the report, and many regions are not adequately adjusting physician salaries after several years of sky-high inflation. Many doctors are also carrying the burden of medical school debt, with the average loan for physicians clocking in at around $200,000, according to the Education Data Initiative.

That means that although there are some doctors taking home big paydays, adjusted compensation for many has actually gone down—a bitter pill to swallow, especially considering that many Americans still believe that all doctors are rich.

To be sure, relative to the median income of the U.S. workforce, doctors are still well compensated. The average salary for full-time U.S. workers is just over $59,000, according to the most recent Bureau of Labor Statistics earnings report, while the average compensation for doctors in metro areas is about $400,000. But the gap between how people still think about doctor salaries, and how demanding and precarious the job has actually become, is one of the factors leading to a sense of burnout and disillusionment, according to Phull.

“Being a physician in today’s health care system, there’s dissonance between reality and other people’s perceptions,” he says.

The gender pay gap, which plagues the U.S. workforce as a whole, is also particularly pronounced among this group of professionals. It decreased slightly to 23% in 2023 from the 26% of 2022, according to the report, but it remains significant. Women physicians earn, on average, nearly $102,000 less than their male counterparts. Doximity further estimated that over the course of a career, male physicians make over $2 million more than women in the same field.

“I could not believe it was that high,” Dr Tina Chu tells Fortune. As a San Diego–based pediatrician, Chu is in one of the lowest-paying fields of medicine, in one of the most undercompensated regions in the country.

“Reading the report was definitely a little bit disheartening,” she adds. “But it also brought awareness and transparency, because without it I wouldn’t have known where I stood as far as knowing my potential worth and being able to advocate for myself in the future.”

The future of practicing medicine

As the U.S. population ages, so do its physicians.

Even before questions around burnout leading to early retirements, an older population of doctors were a threat to the existing health care system. Doximity’s report supports previous findings published by the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC)?that 20% of today’s doctors are 65 or older, and 22% are between 55 and 64. The organization projects the U.S. will face a?physician shortage of up to 86,000 doctors by 2036.

The question of finding their replacements is complicated, according to Phull. To start with, new doctors aren’t hitting the labor pool fast enough. And the creation of new positions that could help alleviate the doctor shortage, including nurse practitioners and physician assistants, is also failing to keep pace with the cascading labor shortage.

So are we all doomed? Not necessarily, says Phull, who, despite all of these challenges, remains optimistic about the future of U.S. health care. Many physicians are hopeful, for example, that the recent Federal Trade Commission’s?ban on noncompete clauses may wind up being a benefit.

“That could enact tremendous change in the space where there’ll be a ton more mobility for physicians like myself [who] hold licenses in a few states,” he says. “My ability to potentially practice in a whole host of other geographies could expand exponentially, which would ideally mitigate some of this issue with the shortage of the physician workforce.”

Survey respondents had other ideas about what would help ease the burden, as well: increasing education funding to train more doctors, implementing loan forgiveness programs to incentivize work in underserved areas, expanding virtual visit options to boost patient access to care, and using AI tools to assist with administrative tasks.

“Doctors surveyed said that they could save anywhere from 12 to 13 hours a week if they had well-developed AI tools [for] documentation, helping with their notes, helping with appeal letters,” says Phull. “So I think that could be a tremendous improvement.”

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