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阿迪達斯、坎耶與DEI之死:美國公司的警示故事

LILA MACLELLAN
2024-05-25

阿迪達斯的故事,告誡人們公司在多元化問題只說空話不做實事這種形式主義的隱患。

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2016年,坎耶·維斯特在好萊塢出席一場活動。

在流行巨星碧昂斯的單曲《All Night》的MV中,伴隨著高亢的唱腔,碧昂斯童年時的家庭視頻片段穿插著一閃而過的有色人種少女的身影,這很難不讓人激動。阿迪達斯(Adidas)的廣告“Impossible Is Nothing(沒有不可能)”(這句廣告語引用自傳奇拳擊手穆罕默德·阿里的話)傳達出一種不可抗拒的、鼓舞人心的信息,向全世界展示了一位意志堅定、才華橫溢的休斯頓黑人女孩如何成長為全球偶像巨星。

阿迪達斯的營銷活動以傳達這種進步的、堅定的樂觀精神而著稱,其中經(jīng)常以黑人的成功故事為主導(dǎo),而黑人運動員、模特、藝術(shù)家和名人會傳播這種信息。但這家德國公司的前任和現(xiàn)任員工表示,盡管公司公開宣揚黑人賦權(quán),但在公司內(nèi)部,黑人員工很少能進入領(lǐng)導(dǎo)高層,或者在進入高層時覺得自在。

他們稱這家有74年歷史的運動服飾巨頭,輕視和微歧視的情況時有發(fā)生,使他們的觀點被邊緣化。正如阿迪達斯的一位前黑人高管所說:“在公司內(nèi)部,你能走多遠是有上限的。”

阿迪達斯并非唯一一家因為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)層以白人男性為主而受到批評的公司。但該品牌在市場營銷中展現(xiàn)的黑人文化和黑人,最明顯的就是其與說唱歌手、制作人和設(shè)計師坎耶·維斯特(藝名“Ye”)注定失敗的合作,經(jīng)常把該公司在多元化方面的問題暴露在公眾面前。

該公司的前任和現(xiàn)任黑人領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者對《財富》雜志表示,后來情況變得更加糟糕:據(jù)《財富》雜志了解,自2023年初以來,10名副總裁和更高級別的黑人與棕色人種高管遭到排擠或辭職,其中有多位是在2020年和2021年喬治·弗洛伊德遇害后,當(dāng)美國公司遭到清算時,在美國被錄用的高管。自2020年以來,至少還有8名在美國擔(dān)任關(guān)鍵崗位的黑人高管也已經(jīng)離職。

阿迪達斯的發(fā)言人并未對這個數(shù)字提出質(zhì)疑,但表示“黑人高管的離職率與其他群體相當(dāng)或是更低”。但阿迪達斯拒絕披露有多少副總裁及以上級別的崗位由黑人或其他少數(shù)群體擔(dān)任,而且拒絕分享與高管離職有關(guān)的其他信息。

消息人士稱,失去這么多有色人種高管,包括在美國的7名高管,對阿迪達斯產(chǎn)生了重要影響,這對于公司在多元化方面的努力是一個沉重打擊。背景知識:消息人士對《財富》雜志表示,阿迪達斯的高管團隊約有275名副總裁及以上級別的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者,其中美國有約55名(這個數(shù)據(jù)與LinkedIn上的公開數(shù)據(jù)基本一致)。阿迪達斯北美地區(qū)曾有9名副總裁及以上級別的高管是黑人,因此2023年初以來離職的7名黑人高管是一個巨大損失。消息人士還指出,該公司2020年成立的專注于多元化的委員會已經(jīng)崩潰,其成員基本都已經(jīng)從公司離職。

《財富》雜志為本文采訪的消息人士包括12名前任和現(xiàn)任阿迪達斯經(jīng)理和高管,他們擔(dān)心曝光自己的身份會影響自己的工作和未來的就業(yè)機會,因此要求匿名。(有多人表示,對于黑人高管而言,向媒體講述職場的種族歧視是一個難題:他們希望通過揭示他們的經(jīng)歷,能夠減少反對黑人的偏見和刻板印象,但這些偏見和刻板印象又會讓他們因為擔(dān)心被打上憤怒或抱有敵意的標(biāo)簽,而不敢公開發(fā)言。)

阿迪達斯發(fā)言人提到公司的整體多元化數(shù)據(jù)有所好轉(zhuǎn),并表示公司始終致力于實現(xiàn)多元化目標(biāo)。對于《財富》雜志采訪的前任和現(xiàn)任員工所描述的公司文化,這位發(fā)言人在一封電子郵件中寫道:“我們絕不認(rèn)同這些觀點,因為它們并不能準(zhǔn)確體現(xiàn)公司的實際情況,或者我們的現(xiàn)有員工的情緒。”

事實上,對于一家公司的文化,尤其是一個市值高達430億美元的跨國品牌,可能并沒有一種明確的敘述:每位員工都有各自不同的體驗。但通過采訪了解到的阿迪達斯黑人高管的處境,暴露出一些至關(guān)重要的問題,即誰有權(quán)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)公司,以及原因是什么。阿迪達斯可以作為一個警示故事,告誡人們公司在多元化問題只說空話不做實事這種形式主義的隱患。

碧昂斯的Ivy Park品牌與阿迪達斯的合作,于2023年結(jié)束。

阿迪達斯與Yeezy合作破裂看不見的影響

談?wù)摪⒌线_斯的多元化時,就必須考慮到它在過去十年中最成功的一件事,當(dāng)然這件事后來也變成了最引人注目的公關(guān)災(zāi)難。Yeezy系列的故事和2022年發(fā)生的阿迪達斯與共同創(chuàng)造者坎耶的決裂,早已眾所周知:這位美國超級巨星在社交媒體上說他要“對猶太人進入三級戰(zhàn)備狀態(tài)”,之后該德國鞋業(yè)巨頭與他之間發(fā)生了混亂的、令人尷尬的決裂,在財務(wù)上產(chǎn)生了毀滅性的影響。(顯然,他所說的是軍事術(shù)語“三級戰(zhàn)備狀態(tài)”,意味著準(zhǔn)備發(fā)起全面進攻。)

但鮮為人知的是,阿迪達斯的一些黑人員工始終無法忘記的故事:他們表示多年前他們曾投訴坎耶的反黑人言論,卻被公司視而不見——而他在公共場合的反猶言論比反黑人言論更受重視。(據(jù)媒體報道,阿迪達斯對于坎耶私下里對猶太員工等不同群體的冒犯言論,同樣視而不見。)

阿迪達斯與坎耶的關(guān)系首次出現(xiàn)重大裂痕是在2018年5月。當(dāng)時,這位名人在接受好萊塢新聞網(wǎng)站TMZ采訪時表示,美國奴隸制的歷史應(yīng)該歸咎于被奴役的人。他對震驚的TMZ主持人說道:“當(dāng)你聽到400年的奴隸制時。400年?那聽起來像是一種選擇。”

這一事件在負(fù)責(zé)坎耶的Yeezy球鞋系列的阿迪達斯員工當(dāng)中引起了不滿,這個團隊主要由黑人和棕色人種組成,但它所在的部門卻以白人為主。該團隊請求與高層領(lǐng)導(dǎo)開會,討論坎耶的冒犯性言論和其他有問題的行為。阿迪達斯的黑人員工與他們的經(jīng)理進行了溝通,由經(jīng)理們上報他們所擔(dān)心的問題。

Yeezy系列的前營銷人員比瑪·威廉姆斯后來在一檔《Complex》播客節(jié)目中描述了那次Yeezy團隊會議。他表示在會議中,與領(lǐng)導(dǎo)“針鋒相對地”討論了坎耶的言論。他回憶說:“我提出的問題是,如果我們覺得我們所堅持的價值觀在這里得不到體現(xiàn),而且你們對此不置一詞,你們怎么能指望我全力以赴地工作?”

他繼續(xù)說道:“我必須確定公司重視我作為人的價值,我才有可能去關(guān)心如何達成業(yè)績。我在這里的工作體驗開始變得越來越差,因為我實在無法理解這個品牌,不清楚它堅持什么樣的價值觀。”(威廉姆斯沒有回應(yīng)進一步置評請求。)

2018年,坎耶與阿迪達斯品牌的合作經(jīng)歷了一段動蕩時期:阿迪達斯以小規(guī)模零星發(fā)布的方式,為已有三年歷史的Yeezy品牌炒作人氣,這種刺激需求的策略在球鞋發(fā)燒友中被稱為“限量上新”。而在幕后,公司大力押注此次合作,加大力度生產(chǎn)獨特的、突破傳統(tǒng)的Yeezy球鞋。與這位藝人的合作,讓阿迪達斯在與耐克(Nike)喬丹(Jordan)品牌爭奪市場份額的長期競爭中獲得了一次難得的機會。自從邁克爾·喬丹在上世紀(jì)80年代選擇了耐克而不是阿迪達斯,并推出改變市場的運動鞋品牌以來,這個品牌便一直主導(dǎo)著球鞋發(fā)燒友文化,并為黑人和拉丁裔顧客定義了時尚潮流。

阿迪達斯的Yeezy 750 Boost,亮相2015年的一次時裝秀。

一名前黑人員工透露,針對內(nèi)部要求對坎耶“有所作為”的呼聲,阿迪達斯時任CEO、歐洲白人卡斯珀·羅斯特“讓我們保持沉默”。這名員工仍在該領(lǐng)域工作,因此要求匿名。她解釋道,阿迪達斯的一些黑人員工希望公司與坎耶切斷聯(lián)系,還有一些人希望公司至少公開譴責(zé)坎耶關(guān)于奴隸制的言論。這名前員工表示,對于這些請求,羅斯特只是用模糊的承諾來回應(yīng),稱會與這位名人談?wù)勥@個問題,然后提醒員工公司通過與Yeezy品牌的合作賺了多少錢。這名員工說,公司暗示如果放棄坎耶,公司將“自我崩潰”。她表示:“公司從未做出直接回應(yīng)。”員工的呼聲也沒有產(chǎn)生任何反響。

據(jù)《華爾街日報》后來報道,在坎耶接受TMZ采訪之后,阿迪達斯的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)團隊曾討論過應(yīng)對方案,但最終選擇了繼續(xù)合作。羅斯特拒絕就該報道置評,但2018年,他在彭博電視臺說道:“顯然,我們無法支持坎耶的一些言論。”但當(dāng)被問及阿迪達斯內(nèi)部是否討論過放棄與坎耶的合作時,這位CEO簡單地回答說:“沒有。”在TMZ風(fēng)波之后,羅斯特對CNBC表示:“坎耶幫助我們在美國取得了巨大成功。”

四年后,在坎耶發(fā)布“戰(zhàn)備狀態(tài)”的推文后,阿迪達斯與Yeezy的合作破裂,一位黑人高管回憶起一位白人高管曾這樣說:“現(xiàn)在情況真的變得很糟糕,因為猶太人感到不滿,而在美國,猶太人擁有巨大權(quán)力。所以我們必須處理這個問題。”當(dāng)天,那位高管決定離職。他告訴《財富》雜志:“我內(nèi)心的某些東西已經(jīng)死去。”

坎耶曾公開談?wù)撨^他的心理健康問題,并最終為口無遮攔的“三級戰(zhàn)備狀態(tài)”言論道歉,他表示后悔自己之前對奴隸制的情緒發(fā)泄。但2022年的反猶言論掀起的風(fēng)波,讓阿迪達斯再也無法繼續(xù)與他的合作——盡管他們的合作當(dāng)時為公司貢獻了約40%的利潤。(坎耶未通過他的Yeezy時尚品牌或其他途徑回應(yīng)多次置評請求。阿迪達斯拒絕就合作破裂置評,只是說公司已經(jīng)終止了與Yeezy品牌的合作,且對之前的聲明“沒有補充”。)

在坎耶發(fā)表反猶言論之后的動蕩期,不止阿迪達斯取消了與他的合作。時尚零售商Gap和巴黎世家(Balenciaga)在2022年底也終止了與這位音樂人的合作。但對于阿迪達斯來說,與坎耶和他的球鞋品牌的合作破裂是一次公關(guān)危機和財務(wù)災(zāi)難,導(dǎo)致公司積壓了價值12億歐元(13億美元)的未售出庫存,這些庫存處在不同開發(fā)階段。2022年,Yeezy鞋本應(yīng)為公司帶來17億美元收入,但最終收入?yún)s足足少了5億美元。

2019年,設(shè)計師史蒂文·斯密斯與坎耶合影。Foam Runner是最成功的幾款Yeezy鞋之一。

毫無疑問,如果阿迪達斯的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)層在2018年聽取了黑人員工的警告,這一切本可以避免。他們?yōu)槭裁礇]有這樣做?部分原因是,Yeezy已經(jīng)成為一項前途無量的盈利業(yè)務(wù)。但該公司的前高管表示,2018年,阿迪達斯品牌對于Yeezy團隊的擔(dān)憂反應(yīng)軟弱,已經(jīng)預(yù)示著會出現(xiàn)更嚴(yán)重的問題。

在坎耶發(fā)表關(guān)于奴隸制的言論后,公司決定不終止與坎耶的合作,對于這個決定,一位黑人前高管對《財富》雜志表示:“我認(rèn)為利潤是一個因素。我認(rèn)為還有一個因素,那就是Yeezy是以黑人和棕色人種為主的團隊,而且坎耶也是黑人。”這位前高管表示,當(dāng)坎耶有出格言行時,白人領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者會暗示:“好吧,黑人,這是你們自己人。”換言之,對于黑人員工對坎耶的不滿,阿迪達斯選擇了置之不理。

在與Yeezy的合作破裂之后,有事實證明阿迪達斯多年來一直在容忍坎耶怪異和冒犯的行為。據(jù)《紐約時報》報道,這位明星早期曾要求員工看色情片以激發(fā)創(chuàng)意靈感。據(jù)《滾石》雜志報道,他曾在一次會議期間,強迫設(shè)計團隊中的一位有色人種女性坐在地板上,因為她“不配坐在桌前”。他在球鞋上畫上了納粹符號,而且經(jīng)常發(fā)脾氣。Yeezy團隊的成員經(jīng)歷了口頭辱罵、倦怠和士氣低落,許多人辭去了工作。

一位黑人前員工表示,當(dāng)阿迪達斯最終因為坎耶針對猶太人的公開言論而終止合作關(guān)系時(據(jù)報道,公司管理高層在一次兩分鐘的電話會議中最終做出了這個決定),“這在內(nèi)部掀起了一場不愉快的討論。”

“當(dāng)時,黑人員工無法理解,多年前當(dāng)坎耶對黑人和奴隸制發(fā)表爭議性言論時,為什么阿迪達斯對他們的不滿視而不見。”

偏遠的總部

對《財富》雜志談到阿迪達斯品牌營銷形象與內(nèi)部缺乏多元化之間脫節(jié)的黑人前員工,都無一例外地談到了兩個話題:公司文化和總部所在地 —— 德國巴伐利亞州的鄉(xiāng)村小鎮(zhèn)黑措根奧拉赫。他們表示,阿迪達斯的文化是一種官僚主義的、自上而下的文化。與遙遠市場相關(guān)的重大決策都是在黑措根奧拉赫做出的,而這個小鎮(zhèn)根本算不上世界甚至歐洲的文化之都。

政府?dāng)?shù)據(jù)顯示,這個小鎮(zhèn)的居民以德國白人為主,因為是阿道夫·“阿迪”和魯?shù)婪颉ぁ棒數(shù)稀边_斯勒兩兄弟的出生地而聞名。兩兄弟的競爭導(dǎo)致家族鞋業(yè)公司分裂,并誕生了兩家相互競爭的運動服飾巨頭阿迪達斯和彪馬(Puma)。但前員工表示,與20世紀(jì)30年代的許多德國商界領(lǐng)袖一樣,兩兄弟都加入了納粹黨,這成了這個小鎮(zhèn)的污點,也給阿迪達斯的總部增加了一些“奇怪的”氛圍。那些非歐洲白人的外來者,在這里旅行或居住,都會覺得這是一個特別偏僻的地方。一位前阿迪達斯高管表示,作為黑人在“黑措”工作讓他們感覺像“穿輪滑鞋的長頸鹿”。

阿迪達斯創(chuàng)始人阿道夫·達斯勒在德國黑措根奧拉赫的故鄉(xiāng)(上方的白色建筑),成為工廠的一部分,后來成為公司總部。

另一位前高管則疑惑:“如果你想聘請來自世界各地的最優(yōu)秀的人才,為什么要讓他們搬到一座農(nóng)場?”

一位黑人前品類總監(jiān)回憶稱,去年春天前往阿迪達斯總部期間發(fā)生的一件事,讓她觸動很深。她表示,她的任務(wù)是介紹她所在的部門策劃的服裝系列,以打動全是白人的全球產(chǎn)品負(fù)責(zé)人。這位前總監(jiān)回憶起抵達當(dāng)天,她與一群主要是黑人和棕色人種的同事一起走進總部園區(qū)的情景。

她們拖著行李袋和滾動服裝架,走向阿迪達斯的總部,那是一棟鋼結(jié)構(gòu)支撐的玻璃混凝土建筑,采用現(xiàn)代風(fēng)格設(shè)計,非常引人注目。她說道:“每個人都盯著我們看。”然后,在她成功展示后的公司聚會上,一個同事走過來說:“天啊。我看到你們穿過總部園區(qū),我以為你們是阿迪達斯為會議請來的說唱歌手!”

她表示,這番言論讓她下定決心,離開這家任職多年的公司。這也讓她明白,從幾年前她在洛杉磯參加銷售會議以來,公司的文化幾乎沒有任何變化。她表示,在阿迪達斯,黑人運動員和模特的形象在巨大的屏幕上閃現(xiàn),房間里充斥著無拘無束的說唱音樂。她回憶說:“關(guān)于黑人的詞匯循環(huán)播放”,然而她發(fā)現(xiàn)在700名員工中,只有20名黑人。

承諾做出改變

前阿迪達斯工作人員稱,在2020年喬治·弗洛伊德事件之后美國公司遭遇大動蕩前后,該零售商在多元、平等、包容(DEI)方面的努力,在很大程度上感覺像是擺設(shè)。《紐約時報》曾報道,在2018年,阿迪達斯位于俄勒岡州波特蘭的北美總部有1,700名員工,但只有不到5%的員工身份是黑人。據(jù)《時代》雜志采訪的消息人士稱,在全球,阿迪達斯只有約1%的副總裁是黑人。2020年,阿迪達斯對于多元、公平和包容的“清算”尤為慘烈。

那個夏天,員工通過遠程罷工和發(fā)布言辭激烈的社交媒體帖子,表達對公司的抗議。據(jù)媒體報道,在內(nèi)部調(diào)查之后,阿迪達斯的全球人力資源主管因稱多元化工作是“噪音”而被解雇。據(jù)爆料稱,一位長期任職的執(zhí)行委員會成員在一次200名經(jīng)理的會議上,稱一位黑人區(qū)域負(fù)責(zé)人是“對多元化的貢獻”,事后他遭到了調(diào)查。(經(jīng)過對此次事件和其他事件的長時間調(diào)查后,該執(zhí)行委員會成員于去年辭職。)

在2020年,經(jīng)過黑人員工與公司高層領(lǐng)導(dǎo)團隊之間長達數(shù)周的、常常公開的對峙之后,阿迪達斯做出了多項承諾,旨在修復(fù)關(guān)系并重建其多元化努力。有12名高級別黑人員工創(chuàng)建了一個在阿迪達斯提倡DEI的聯(lián)盟。為了響應(yīng)他們的工作和研究,阿迪達斯承諾在美國的所有新增招聘崗位,至少30%將雇傭黑人和拉丁裔,并承諾未來五年撥款1.2億美元獎學(xué)金,用于支持黑人學(xué)生。

這些承諾雖然沒有達到聯(lián)盟提出的要求,但卻是一個良好的開端。該聯(lián)盟變成了一個名為“聯(lián)合反對種族主義”的工作組,其中包括了多名白人高管發(fā)起者。

然而,時至今日,前任員工表示,過去四年,阿迪達斯幾乎沒有任何改善,而且在2023年比約恩·古爾登擔(dān)任CEO之后,公司在DEI方面的工作甚至出現(xiàn)了“倒退”。一位自稱在現(xiàn)場的前高管表示,古爾登上任后不久,就對高級員工們說DEI是在浪費時間,員工們應(yīng)該關(guān)心利潤。古爾登拒絕就本文置評,但阿迪達斯的發(fā)言人否認(rèn)古爾登曾說過這些話,并表示這并不代表他的立場。

總體而言,在2024年關(guān)于公司多元化工作的討論與2020年已有很大不同:2023年,最高法院的裁定禁止大學(xué)決策中使用基于種族的平權(quán)行動,受到鼓舞的美國保守派反DEI運動愈演愈烈,許多公司已經(jīng)縮減或放棄了DEI承諾。許多知名的首席多元官接連離職,或職能被合并到其他崗位。

在阿迪達斯,最初在2020年組織起來的12名黑人高管,已有7人離職,最初加入“聯(lián)合反對種族主義”的5位白人高管也已經(jīng)離開該組織。就在本月,該公司宣布將調(diào)整在美國的兩個高層職位,擔(dān)任這些職位的黑人高管將離職。

去年5月,阿迪達斯CEO比約恩·古爾登出席公司年度股東大會。

一位黑人現(xiàn)任員工表示,這則消息讓許多人感到“震驚”。這位員工說道:“他們都很真誠,備受我們尊敬,而且與我們有千絲萬縷的聯(lián)系。看到他們‘離開’或被解雇,對于組織發(fā)展走向是一個非常巨大的警告信號。”即便如此,這位員工表示,他們依舊希望阿迪達斯能夠重回正軌,“創(chuàng)造一個重視多元、公平和包容的工作場所”。

阿迪達斯在公司聲明中表示,其對DEI的承諾從未動搖。 阿迪達斯發(fā)言人稱,公司始終致力于由黑人和拉丁裔求職者填補30%的職位,并將投入“重要資源”,“與這些來自少數(shù)群體的求職者建立有意義的聯(lián)系”,同時遵循包容性招聘和留任的最佳實踐。

阿迪達斯在2020年承諾,到2025年,黑人和拉丁裔員工將從事公司20%至23%的崗位,其中12%將是領(lǐng)導(dǎo)崗位,即總監(jiān)及以上級別的崗位。當(dāng)時,來自這些種族群體的員工在這些崗位上的占比分別為12%和7%。到2023年底,這些目標(biāo)取得了良好的進展:黑人和拉丁裔員工在公司所有崗位中的占比達到18%,從事領(lǐng)導(dǎo)崗位的比例為10%。但公司拒絕披露在美國有多少高級領(lǐng)導(dǎo)崗位,也不愿透露留任率。

一位現(xiàn)任員工表示,留任是關(guān)鍵問題:他們表示:“我們所取得的任何進展都是臨時性的。”他們補充說,公司更注重雇傭足夠多的人來“表明我們正在做出改變”,但很少談?wù)搹氖骂I(lǐng)導(dǎo)崗位的黑人和拉丁裔員工的留任問題。他們說道:“我認(rèn)為這就是整件事的漏洞所在。”

黑人明星為阿迪達斯注入時尚元素

這家已有74年歷史的德國公司與美國黑人文化之間有著復(fù)雜的關(guān)系。雖然在20世紀(jì)70年代,拳擊手穆罕默德·阿里和喬·弗雷澤等黑人運動員都穿過阿迪達斯,但直到20世紀(jì)80年代末嘻哈文化興起,才真正將這個品牌推向了具有重要文化意義的領(lǐng)域。說唱組合Run-DMC的經(jīng)典歌曲《My Adidas》是一個轉(zhuǎn)折點,它幫助阿迪達斯的三條線和三葉草標(biāo)識變成了黑人文化和街頭時尚的象征。

該品牌與不同種族的名人都有合作和代言,但是黑人創(chuàng)作者和運動員顯然占據(jù)了突出的地位。說唱歌手米西·艾略特和“狗爺”Snoop Dogg分別在2000年代和2010年代與阿迪達斯合作推出了自己的系列產(chǎn)品。阿迪達斯最近合作的名人包括碧昂絲及她的Ivy Park品牌、音樂人法瑞爾·威廉姆斯和Humanrace、時尚設(shè)計師杰瑞·洛倫佐和Fear of God品牌,當(dāng)然還有坎耶。(碧昂斯、威廉姆斯和洛倫佐的代表均未回應(yīng)置評請求。)此外,阿迪達斯還贊助了許多運動員,包括詹姆斯·哈登、德里克·羅斯和帕特里克·馬霍姆斯等。

為阿迪達斯注入時尚元素的黑人和拉丁裔文體明星包括(從左上方按順時針)拳擊手穆罕默德·阿里;歌手和超級巨星碧昂斯;說唱組合Run-DMC;美國職業(yè)橄欖球大聯(lián)盟球星帕特里克·馬霍姆斯;波多黎各說唱歌手“壞痞兔”Bad Bunny;說唱歌手“狗爺”Snoop Dogg和米西·艾略特;已故NBA傳奇巨星科比·布萊恩特;以及音樂人和制作人法瑞爾·威廉姆斯。

多位黑人員工對《財富》雜志表示,公司的營銷策略與內(nèi)部人口結(jié)構(gòu)之間的脫節(jié),令黑人員工感到震驚。一位前黑人高管表示:“你看到的所有廣告代言人都是棕色膚色——他們肌肉發(fā)達,大汗淋漓,看起來強壯有力。”

另一位前黑人高管、“聯(lián)合反對種族主義”聯(lián)盟的原始成員之一表示,他曾呼吁阿迪達斯避免主要拍攝赤裸上身的黑人男性運動員和模特,他認(rèn)為這種做法是在暗示白人對黑人身體的所有權(quán)。該聯(lián)盟還說服公司停止將“城市”作為“黑人”的委婉說法。(阿迪達斯對《財富》雜志稱這種說法“不準(zhǔn)確”,但拒絕進一步詳細說明。)

一位前總監(jiān)級員工曾參與過阿迪達斯與黑人明星的合作。她表示,她看到了一種卑鄙的交易手段。該員工認(rèn)為公司的態(tài)度是:“我們要從這個人身上賺10億美元,但是他們并不關(guān)心要不要真正了解這些名人,了解他們背后的驅(qū)動力和靈感。”

內(nèi)部運動熄火

2020年因“珍視黑人生命”運動再次引發(fā)的憤怒已經(jīng)逐漸消退。一位前高管稱:“我認(rèn)為阿迪達斯并不理解非裔美國文化。我認(rèn)為他們只是因為2020年發(fā)生的事情而感到恐慌。”另一位前高管表示,公司承諾反思阿迪達斯的歷史和系統(tǒng)性種族歧視,但這些承諾很快就被拋到腦后:公司沒有深入了解黑人消費者和內(nèi)部脫節(jié)的原因,而是指向了“聯(lián)合反對種族主義”聯(lián)盟的工作,試圖制造一種公司有責(zé)任心的表象。

與此同時,許多加入聯(lián)盟的人后來都離開了公司。不公正的待遇日益積累,到2021年,一些黑人員工開始看到,2020年夏季之后實施的措施遭到了反彈。據(jù)幾位前高級員工透露,當(dāng)阿迪達斯要求全公司參加多元化和敏感性培訓(xùn)時,遭到了一些白人經(jīng)理的抵制,他們認(rèn)為這毫無用處,會干擾工作。

阿迪達斯前全球品類總監(jiān)、聯(lián)盟組織的成員勞倫·博迪記得,她自己當(dāng)時也對多元化培訓(xùn)持懷疑態(tài)度,擔(dān)心這只是表面文章。作為黑人,博迪表示,目標(biāo)明確的教育研討會是有用的,但它們通常只是“流于表面”。她認(rèn)為,包容性培訓(xùn)無法消除一些不良習(xí)慣,例如在拓展性任務(wù)和晉升方面忽視有色人種員工等。她問道:“我們可以逐項打勾,說我們已經(jīng)讀了這個模塊的內(nèi)容。很好。但公司正在做什么?品牌的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者都接受了培訓(xùn),但他們從中學(xué)到了什么?”

“聯(lián)合反對種族主義”不再作為一個員工組織存在,但其前成員可以說取得了一些成就。阿迪達斯成立了一個團隊負(fù)責(zé)與黑人和拉丁裔以及其他群體溝通,以及管理對有色人種創(chuàng)業(yè)者的投資。該聯(lián)盟的兩位籃球業(yè)務(wù)高管,在說服阿迪達斯將籃球業(yè)務(wù)部門從白人比重最大的美國大城市波特蘭搬到洛杉磯的過程中,也發(fā)揮了一定作用。《財富》雜志采訪的幾位前員工還指出,即使在喬治·弗洛伊德事件引發(fā)抗議活動之前,該公司已經(jīng)與法瑞爾·威廉姆斯和Pensole設(shè)計學(xué)院(Pensole Design Academy)合作,開設(shè)了一家面向年輕有色人種女性的鞋類設(shè)計學(xué)校。通過其“表彰黑人卓越”(Honoring Black Excellence)慈善項目,阿迪達斯向支持黑人運動員和社區(qū)的非營利組織資助了170萬美元。

然而,到2021年,黑人員工仍然對公司感到失望——一場離職潮開始。一位曾是聯(lián)盟組織成員的前白人高管表示,有些人覺得在2020年加入異議者的陣營,讓他們變成眾矢之的,被認(rèn)定為是“難相處的人”。(一位阿迪達斯發(fā)言人表示:“我們公司不會因為員工參與了2020年的聯(lián)盟等活動,而對員工標(biāo)簽化。我們重視不同意見的多元化,并鼓勵開放對話。”)其他人表示,即使一位黑人高管晉升到更高職位,他們的觀點也不被信任。一位前黑人高管回憶道,那種感覺就像是“閉嘴,你要慶幸你能在這個房間里。”

阿迪達斯聘請了許多有色人種擔(dān)任關(guān)鍵領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者。但很少有人能長期留任。前BET高管維姬·弗雷是阿迪達斯第一位女性全球市場營銷總監(jiān),也是首位擔(dān)任該職位的黑人女性,但她只在該公司工作了兩年。阿曼達·拉吉庫馬爾在2021年加入阿迪達斯,曾擔(dān)任全球人力資源總監(jiān),也是阿迪達斯執(zhí)行委員會的首位有色人種女性成員,她在2023年辭職。現(xiàn)在,公司的執(zhí)行委員會全部由白人組成,在公司監(jiān)事會有兩位有色人種女性,包括前奧運會田徑明星、非裔美國人杰基·喬伊納-克西。英國出生的前北美業(yè)務(wù)負(fù)責(zé)人魯伯特·坎貝爾已于去年晚些時候遞交了辭呈。他是擔(dān)任這個職位的首位黑人管理者。他在2022年從俄羅斯被調(diào)到波特蘭,僅在那里工作了不到兩年。

接替坎貝爾和拉吉庫馬爾的高管都是白人。一位前員工解釋稱,目前全球市場營銷業(yè)務(wù)也由一位歐洲白人男性負(fù)責(zé),只是他沒有弗雷之前的頭銜。(對于《財富》雜志關(guān)于此事的詢問,阿迪達斯解釋稱:“我們的人才遴選過程側(cè)重于根據(jù)資質(zhì)和經(jīng)驗,任命最合格的候選者。”)

位于德國黑措根奧拉赫的阿迪達斯總部。

一位前阿迪達斯員工透露,許多有色人種領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者因為上司和董事會成員的“微侵略行為被迫離開公司”,這種說法也得到了其他員工的認(rèn)同。古爾登將最近設(shè)立的多元化總監(jiān)崗位,從全球總部調(diào)到波特蘭,并為該崗位增加了人力資源職權(quán),削弱了該職位對DEI的專注。一位前高管稱,古爾登表示在歐洲不存在多元化問題。(公司否認(rèn)古爾登曾這樣說,并表示這不“代表他的態(tài)度或公司的現(xiàn)實。”)一位黑人高管回憶曾被一名董事會成員問道:“為什么黑人男性喜歡朝人開槍?”

即使在目前DEI遭到反彈的大環(huán)境下,常識性的支持多元化的商業(yè)理由依舊很有說服力——年輕員工將多元化列為優(yōu)先事項,而且研究顯示,多元化團隊會做出更加明智的決策,從而帶來更高的利潤和收入。多元化人才的流失以及阿迪達斯被視為DEI方面的落后者,可能會成為阿迪達斯的沉重負(fù)擔(dān)。晨星(Morningstar)分析師大衛(wèi)·施瓦茨指出,像阿迪達斯和耐克這種運動用品公司經(jīng)常因高層領(lǐng)導(dǎo)做出的決策而面臨財務(wù)和聲譽災(zāi)難,這些高層領(lǐng)導(dǎo)大多是白人男性。例如,耐克因解雇懷孕的女性運動員而卷入公關(guān)危機。施瓦茨問道:“你會想,是不是因為那些高管是白人男性,所以他們看待這一切的出發(fā)點是‘我們想讓這些人帶動鞋子和服裝的銷售’,而不是考慮‘這會對我們在顧客心目中的形象產(chǎn)生什么影響?’”他強調(diào)了阿迪達斯面臨的潛在風(fēng)險。

在談到體育用品公司員工隊伍多元化的必要性時,一位阿迪達斯前員工說道:“它并不是喊兩聲‘庫姆巴亞,讓我們手拉手’這么簡單。這在商業(yè)上勢在必行,如果你不了解客戶的價值,你就會受到影響,我們目前正處在這個時刻。”

前阿迪達斯品牌營銷項目經(jīng)理科雅·威爾遜表示,公司還應(yīng)該認(rèn)識,如果它們利用了社區(qū)的文化,就有道德上的基本理由尊重這些社區(qū)。

威爾遜是“聯(lián)合反對種族主義”聯(lián)盟的兩位黑人女性成員之一。她表示:“如果你在談?wù)摵谌耍覀兙褪悄愕哪繕?biāo)客戶,那么公司內(nèi)部的人員就應(yīng)該代表外部的目標(biāo)人群。”

合作破裂的余波

阿迪達斯的前員工們表示,黑人員工們對坎耶反黑人的種族主義言論發(fā)出了警告,但公司的應(yīng)對方式令他們依舊感覺被背叛。該公司與這位音樂人的關(guān)系所產(chǎn)生的余波,仍然在公眾的審視下繼續(xù)蔓延,令人深感不安。

有一批在2018年至2023年初購買阿迪達斯股票的投資者提起集體訴訟,指控阿迪達斯未披露與坎耶的行為相關(guān)的風(fēng)險,導(dǎo)致投資者被誤導(dǎo)。投資者表示,公司早在2018年就已經(jīng)知道員工對坎耶的奴隸制言論和其他行為問題感到不安。阿迪達斯在向《財富》雜志發(fā)表的聲明中表示:“我們堅決拒絕這些毫無根據(jù)的指控,并將采取一切必要措施對于這些說法進行有力的辯護。”

坎耶·維斯特與(從左到右)Yeezy總經(jīng)理喬恩·韋克斯勒;前Yeezy產(chǎn)品全球總監(jiān)雷切爾·馬斯喀特;以及阿迪達斯首席銷售官亞瑟·霍爾德。

雖然有些難以接受,但事后來看,阿迪達斯選擇與坎耶繼續(xù)合作,在財務(wù)上具有一定的邏輯:即使這位說唱歌手2018年在TMZ引起風(fēng)波之后,阿迪達斯次年的Yeezy銷售額依舊突破了10億美元。(坎耶獲得15%的銷售分成。)在雙方合作終止當(dāng)年,阿迪達斯損失了5億美元銷售額,這聽起來像是滅頂之災(zāi),但與媒體報道的自合作以來Yeezy銷售額貢獻的60億美元總收入(一些援引分析師估計)相比,這似乎并不那么驚人。在合作破裂后,阿迪達斯通過銷售庫存的Yeezy球鞋賺取了數(shù)億美元,盡管公司表示將部分收益捐贈給反仇恨組織。而且坎耶依舊從中獲得了分成。

阿迪達斯從彪馬挖來古爾登擔(dān)任CEO,是希望他能扭轉(zhuǎn)公司的狀況。他在提振公司股價方面已經(jīng)取得了進展,過去一年股價上漲了30%,盡管依舊低于2021年。在2021年,Yeezy鞋的銷售和其他市場因素,使公司股價屢創(chuàng)新高。至于多元化和包容性方面,新管理層已經(jīng)有一些公開的不智之舉。

最近,阿迪達斯因為失去了德國國家足球隊的贊助合同而備受打擊,到2027年,耐克將取代阿迪達斯成為德國隊的贊助商。與此同時,阿迪達斯又爆發(fā)了一場丑聞:德國隊球衣上使用的字體,使數(shù)字44看起來非常像原納粹黨衛(wèi)軍的標(biāo)志“SS”。該公司不得不禁止球迷在聯(lián)賽官方球衣上印這個號碼。(阿迪達斯在一封郵件中指出,數(shù)字的設(shè)計由德國足協(xié)(German Football Association)負(fù)責(zé)管理,與阿迪達斯無關(guān)。)

一些員工擔(dān)心古爾登可能會重新探討與坎耶的合作關(guān)系:去年9月,這位CEO在一檔體育播客中表示,他并不認(rèn)為坎耶關(guān)于猶太人的言論是認(rèn)真的,這在阿迪達斯內(nèi)部敲響了警鐘。公眾和內(nèi)部的強烈反對迫使CEO收回了這一言論。

今年2月中旬,坎耶在Instagram上發(fā)布了一張自己與古爾登在洛杉磯機場坐在一起的照片。起初,這位音樂人在標(biāo)題中說他在超級碗后“偶遇”了古爾登,并與他討論了Yeezy的銷售分配協(xié)議。(古爾登公開否認(rèn)有恢復(fù)合作的任何計劃。)

后來,坎耶把標(biāo)題改為“讓阿迪達斯再次偉大”——最后徹底刪除了所有內(nèi)容。 (財富中文網(wǎng))

翻譯:劉進龍

審校:汪皓

2016年,坎耶·維斯特在好萊塢出席一場活動。

在流行巨星碧昂斯的單曲《All Night》的MV中,伴隨著高亢的唱腔,碧昂斯童年時的家庭視頻片段穿插著一閃而過的有色人種少女的身影,這很難不讓人激動。阿迪達斯(Adidas)的廣告“Impossible Is Nothing(沒有不可能)”(這句廣告語引用自傳奇拳擊手穆罕默德·阿里的話)傳達出一種不可抗拒的、鼓舞人心的信息,向全世界展示了一位意志堅定、才華橫溢的休斯頓黑人女孩如何成長為全球偶像巨星。

阿迪達斯的營銷活動以傳達這種進步的、堅定的樂觀精神而著稱,其中經(jīng)常以黑人的成功故事為主導(dǎo),而黑人運動員、模特、藝術(shù)家和名人會傳播這種信息。但這家德國公司的前任和現(xiàn)任員工表示,盡管公司公開宣揚黑人賦權(quán),但在公司內(nèi)部,黑人員工很少能進入領(lǐng)導(dǎo)高層,或者在進入高層時覺得自在。

他們稱這家有74年歷史的運動服飾巨頭,輕視和微歧視的情況時有發(fā)生,使他們的觀點被邊緣化。正如阿迪達斯的一位前黑人高管所說:“在公司內(nèi)部,你能走多遠是有上限的。”

阿迪達斯并非唯一一家因為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)層以白人男性為主而受到批評的公司。但該品牌在市場營銷中展現(xiàn)的黑人文化和黑人,最明顯的就是其與說唱歌手、制作人和設(shè)計師坎耶·維斯特(藝名“Ye”)注定失敗的合作,經(jīng)常把該公司在多元化方面的問題暴露在公眾面前。

該公司的前任和現(xiàn)任黑人領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者對《財富》雜志表示,后來情況變得更加糟糕:據(jù)《財富》雜志了解,自2023年初以來,10名副總裁和更高級別的黑人與棕色人種高管遭到排擠或辭職,其中有多位是在2020年和2021年喬治·弗洛伊德遇害后,當(dāng)美國公司遭到清算時,在美國被錄用的高管。自2020年以來,至少還有8名在美國擔(dān)任關(guān)鍵崗位的黑人高管也已經(jīng)離職。

阿迪達斯的發(fā)言人并未對這個數(shù)字提出質(zhì)疑,但表示“黑人高管的離職率與其他群體相當(dāng)或是更低”。但阿迪達斯拒絕披露有多少副總裁及以上級別的崗位由黑人或其他少數(shù)群體擔(dān)任,而且拒絕分享與高管離職有關(guān)的其他信息。

消息人士稱,失去這么多有色人種高管,包括在美國的7名高管,對阿迪達斯產(chǎn)生了重要影響,這對于公司在多元化方面的努力是一個沉重打擊。背景知識:消息人士對《財富》雜志表示,阿迪達斯的高管團隊約有275名副總裁及以上級別的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者,其中美國有約55名(這個數(shù)據(jù)與LinkedIn上的公開數(shù)據(jù)基本一致)。阿迪達斯北美地區(qū)曾有9名副總裁及以上級別的高管是黑人,因此2023年初以來離職的7名黑人高管是一個巨大損失。消息人士還指出,該公司2020年成立的專注于多元化的委員會已經(jīng)崩潰,其成員基本都已經(jīng)從公司離職。

《財富》雜志為本文采訪的消息人士包括12名前任和現(xiàn)任阿迪達斯經(jīng)理和高管,他們擔(dān)心曝光自己的身份會影響自己的工作和未來的就業(yè)機會,因此要求匿名。(有多人表示,對于黑人高管而言,向媒體講述職場的種族歧視是一個難題:他們希望通過揭示他們的經(jīng)歷,能夠減少反對黑人的偏見和刻板印象,但這些偏見和刻板印象又會讓他們因為擔(dān)心被打上憤怒或抱有敵意的標(biāo)簽,而不敢公開發(fā)言。)

阿迪達斯發(fā)言人提到公司的整體多元化數(shù)據(jù)有所好轉(zhuǎn),并表示公司始終致力于實現(xiàn)多元化目標(biāo)。對于《財富》雜志采訪的前任和現(xiàn)任員工所描述的公司文化,這位發(fā)言人在一封電子郵件中寫道:“我們絕不認(rèn)同這些觀點,因為它們并不能準(zhǔn)確體現(xiàn)公司的實際情況,或者我們的現(xiàn)有員工的情緒。”

事實上,對于一家公司的文化,尤其是一個市值高達430億美元的跨國品牌,可能并沒有一種明確的敘述:每位員工都有各自不同的體驗。但通過采訪了解到的阿迪達斯黑人高管的處境,暴露出一些至關(guān)重要的問題,即誰有權(quán)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)公司,以及原因是什么。阿迪達斯可以作為一個警示故事,告誡人們公司在多元化問題只說空話不做實事這種形式主義的隱患。

碧昂斯的Ivy Park品牌與阿迪達斯的合作,于2023年結(jié)束。

阿迪達斯與Yeezy合作破裂看不見的影響

談?wù)摪⒌线_斯的多元化時,就必須考慮到它在過去十年中最成功的一件事,當(dāng)然這件事后來也變成了最引人注目的公關(guān)災(zāi)難。Yeezy系列的故事和2022年發(fā)生的阿迪達斯與共同創(chuàng)造者坎耶的決裂,早已眾所周知:這位美國超級巨星在社交媒體上說他要“對猶太人進入三級戰(zhàn)備狀態(tài)”,之后該德國鞋業(yè)巨頭與他之間發(fā)生了混亂的、令人尷尬的決裂,在財務(wù)上產(chǎn)生了毀滅性的影響。(顯然,他所說的是軍事術(shù)語“三級戰(zhàn)備狀態(tài)”,意味著準(zhǔn)備發(fā)起全面進攻。)

但鮮為人知的是,阿迪達斯的一些黑人員工始終無法忘記的故事:他們表示多年前他們曾投訴坎耶的反黑人言論,卻被公司視而不見——而他在公共場合的反猶言論比反黑人言論更受重視。(據(jù)媒體報道,阿迪達斯對于坎耶私下里對猶太員工等不同群體的冒犯言論,同樣視而不見。)

阿迪達斯與坎耶的關(guān)系首次出現(xiàn)重大裂痕是在2018年5月。當(dāng)時,這位名人在接受好萊塢新聞網(wǎng)站TMZ采訪時表示,美國奴隸制的歷史應(yīng)該歸咎于被奴役的人。他對震驚的TMZ主持人說道:“當(dāng)你聽到400年的奴隸制時。400年?那聽起來像是一種選擇。”

這一事件在負(fù)責(zé)坎耶的Yeezy球鞋系列的阿迪達斯員工當(dāng)中引起了不滿,這個團隊主要由黑人和棕色人種組成,但它所在的部門卻以白人為主。該團隊請求與高層領(lǐng)導(dǎo)開會,討論坎耶的冒犯性言論和其他有問題的行為。阿迪達斯的黑人員工與他們的經(jīng)理進行了溝通,由經(jīng)理們上報他們所擔(dān)心的問題。

Yeezy系列的前營銷人員比瑪·威廉姆斯后來在一檔《Complex》播客節(jié)目中描述了那次Yeezy團隊會議。他表示在會議中,與領(lǐng)導(dǎo)“針鋒相對地”討論了坎耶的言論。他回憶說:“我提出的問題是,如果我們覺得我們所堅持的價值觀在這里得不到體現(xiàn),而且你們對此不置一詞,你們怎么能指望我全力以赴地工作?”

他繼續(xù)說道:“我必須確定公司重視我作為人的價值,我才有可能去關(guān)心如何達成業(yè)績。我在這里的工作體驗開始變得越來越差,因為我實在無法理解這個品牌,不清楚它堅持什么樣的價值觀。”(威廉姆斯沒有回應(yīng)進一步置評請求。)

2018年,坎耶與阿迪達斯品牌的合作經(jīng)歷了一段動蕩時期:阿迪達斯以小規(guī)模零星發(fā)布的方式,為已有三年歷史的Yeezy品牌炒作人氣,這種刺激需求的策略在球鞋發(fā)燒友中被稱為“限量上新”。而在幕后,公司大力押注此次合作,加大力度生產(chǎn)獨特的、突破傳統(tǒng)的Yeezy球鞋。與這位藝人的合作,讓阿迪達斯在與耐克(Nike)喬丹(Jordan)品牌爭奪市場份額的長期競爭中獲得了一次難得的機會。自從邁克爾·喬丹在上世紀(jì)80年代選擇了耐克而不是阿迪達斯,并推出改變市場的運動鞋品牌以來,這個品牌便一直主導(dǎo)著球鞋發(fā)燒友文化,并為黑人和拉丁裔顧客定義了時尚潮流。

阿迪達斯的Yeezy 750 Boost,亮相2015年的一次時裝秀。

一名前黑人員工透露,針對內(nèi)部要求對坎耶“有所作為”的呼聲,阿迪達斯時任CEO、歐洲白人卡斯珀·羅斯特“讓我們保持沉默”。這名員工仍在該領(lǐng)域工作,因此要求匿名。她解釋道,阿迪達斯的一些黑人員工希望公司與坎耶切斷聯(lián)系,還有一些人希望公司至少公開譴責(zé)坎耶關(guān)于奴隸制的言論。這名前員工表示,對于這些請求,羅斯特只是用模糊的承諾來回應(yīng),稱會與這位名人談?wù)勥@個問題,然后提醒員工公司通過與Yeezy品牌的合作賺了多少錢。這名員工說,公司暗示如果放棄坎耶,公司將“自我崩潰”。她表示:“公司從未做出直接回應(yīng)。”員工的呼聲也沒有產(chǎn)生任何反響。

據(jù)《華爾街日報》后來報道,在坎耶接受TMZ采訪之后,阿迪達斯的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)團隊曾討論過應(yīng)對方案,但最終選擇了繼續(xù)合作。羅斯特拒絕就該報道置評,但2018年,他在彭博電視臺說道:“顯然,我們無法支持坎耶的一些言論。”但當(dāng)被問及阿迪達斯內(nèi)部是否討論過放棄與坎耶的合作時,這位CEO簡單地回答說:“沒有。”在TMZ風(fēng)波之后,羅斯特對CNBC表示:“坎耶幫助我們在美國取得了巨大成功。”

四年后,在坎耶發(fā)布“戰(zhàn)備狀態(tài)”的推文后,阿迪達斯與Yeezy的合作破裂,一位黑人高管回憶起一位白人高管曾這樣說:“現(xiàn)在情況真的變得很糟糕,因為猶太人感到不滿,而在美國,猶太人擁有巨大權(quán)力。所以我們必須處理這個問題。”當(dāng)天,那位高管決定離職。他告訴《財富》雜志:“我內(nèi)心的某些東西已經(jīng)死去。”

坎耶曾公開談?wù)撨^他的心理健康問題,并最終為口無遮攔的“三級戰(zhàn)備狀態(tài)”言論道歉,他表示后悔自己之前對奴隸制的情緒發(fā)泄。但2022年的反猶言論掀起的風(fēng)波,讓阿迪達斯再也無法繼續(xù)與他的合作——盡管他們的合作當(dāng)時為公司貢獻了約40%的利潤。(坎耶未通過他的Yeezy時尚品牌或其他途徑回應(yīng)多次置評請求。阿迪達斯拒絕就合作破裂置評,只是說公司已經(jīng)終止了與Yeezy品牌的合作,且對之前的聲明“沒有補充”。)

在坎耶發(fā)表反猶言論之后的動蕩期,不止阿迪達斯取消了與他的合作。時尚零售商Gap和巴黎世家(Balenciaga)在2022年底也終止了與這位音樂人的合作。但對于阿迪達斯來說,與坎耶和他的球鞋品牌的合作破裂是一次公關(guān)危機和財務(wù)災(zāi)難,導(dǎo)致公司積壓了價值12億歐元(13億美元)的未售出庫存,這些庫存處在不同開發(fā)階段。2022年,Yeezy鞋本應(yīng)為公司帶來17億美元收入,但最終收入?yún)s足足少了5億美元。

2019年,設(shè)計師史蒂文·斯密斯與坎耶合影。Foam Runner是最成功的幾款Yeezy鞋之一。

毫無疑問,如果阿迪達斯的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)層在2018年聽取了黑人員工的警告,這一切本可以避免。他們?yōu)槭裁礇]有這樣做?部分原因是,Yeezy已經(jīng)成為一項前途無量的盈利業(yè)務(wù)。但該公司的前高管表示,2018年,阿迪達斯品牌對于Yeezy團隊的擔(dān)憂反應(yīng)軟弱,已經(jīng)預(yù)示著會出現(xiàn)更嚴(yán)重的問題。

在坎耶發(fā)表關(guān)于奴隸制的言論后,公司決定不終止與坎耶的合作,對于這個決定,一位黑人前高管對《財富》雜志表示:“我認(rèn)為利潤是一個因素。我認(rèn)為還有一個因素,那就是Yeezy是以黑人和棕色人種為主的團隊,而且坎耶也是黑人。”這位前高管表示,當(dāng)坎耶有出格言行時,白人領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者會暗示:“好吧,黑人,這是你們自己人。”換言之,對于黑人員工對坎耶的不滿,阿迪達斯選擇了置之不理。

在與Yeezy的合作破裂之后,有事實證明阿迪達斯多年來一直在容忍坎耶怪異和冒犯的行為。據(jù)《紐約時報》報道,這位明星早期曾要求員工看色情片以激發(fā)創(chuàng)意靈感。據(jù)《滾石》雜志報道,他曾在一次會議期間,強迫設(shè)計團隊中的一位有色人種女性坐在地板上,因為她“不配坐在桌前”。他在球鞋上畫上了納粹符號,而且經(jīng)常發(fā)脾氣。Yeezy團隊的成員經(jīng)歷了口頭辱罵、倦怠和士氣低落,許多人辭去了工作。

一位黑人前員工表示,當(dāng)阿迪達斯最終因為坎耶針對猶太人的公開言論而終止合作關(guān)系時(據(jù)報道,公司管理高層在一次兩分鐘的電話會議中最終做出了這個決定),“這在內(nèi)部掀起了一場不愉快的討論。”

“當(dāng)時,黑人員工無法理解,多年前當(dāng)坎耶對黑人和奴隸制發(fā)表爭議性言論時,為什么阿迪達斯對他們的不滿視而不見。”

偏遠的總部

對《財富》雜志談到阿迪達斯品牌營銷形象與內(nèi)部缺乏多元化之間脫節(jié)的黑人前員工,都無一例外地談到了兩個話題:公司文化和總部所在地 —— 德國巴伐利亞州的鄉(xiāng)村小鎮(zhèn)黑措根奧拉赫。他們表示,阿迪達斯的文化是一種官僚主義的、自上而下的文化。與遙遠市場相關(guān)的重大決策都是在黑措根奧拉赫做出的,而這個小鎮(zhèn)根本算不上世界甚至歐洲的文化之都。

政府?dāng)?shù)據(jù)顯示,這個小鎮(zhèn)的居民以德國白人為主,因為是阿道夫·“阿迪”和魯?shù)婪颉ぁ棒數(shù)稀边_斯勒兩兄弟的出生地而聞名。兩兄弟的競爭導(dǎo)致家族鞋業(yè)公司分裂,并誕生了兩家相互競爭的運動服飾巨頭阿迪達斯和彪馬(Puma)。但前員工表示,與20世紀(jì)30年代的許多德國商界領(lǐng)袖一樣,兩兄弟都加入了納粹黨,這成了這個小鎮(zhèn)的污點,也給阿迪達斯的總部增加了一些“奇怪的”氛圍。那些非歐洲白人的外來者,在這里旅行或居住,都會覺得這是一個特別偏僻的地方。一位前阿迪達斯高管表示,作為黑人在“黑措”工作讓他們感覺像“穿輪滑鞋的長頸鹿”。

阿迪達斯創(chuàng)始人阿道夫·達斯勒在德國黑措根奧拉赫的故鄉(xiāng)(上方的白色建筑),成為工廠的一部分,后來成為公司總部。

另一位前高管則疑惑:“如果你想聘請來自世界各地的最優(yōu)秀的人才,為什么要讓他們搬到一座農(nóng)場?”

一位黑人前品類總監(jiān)回憶稱,去年春天前往阿迪達斯總部期間發(fā)生的一件事,讓她觸動很深。她表示,她的任務(wù)是介紹她所在的部門策劃的服裝系列,以打動全是白人的全球產(chǎn)品負(fù)責(zé)人。這位前總監(jiān)回憶起抵達當(dāng)天,她與一群主要是黑人和棕色人種的同事一起走進總部園區(qū)的情景。

她們拖著行李袋和滾動服裝架,走向阿迪達斯的總部,那是一棟鋼結(jié)構(gòu)支撐的玻璃混凝土建筑,采用現(xiàn)代風(fēng)格設(shè)計,非常引人注目。她說道:“每個人都盯著我們看。”然后,在她成功展示后的公司聚會上,一個同事走過來說:“天啊。我看到你們穿過總部園區(qū),我以為你們是阿迪達斯為會議請來的說唱歌手!”

她表示,這番言論讓她下定決心,離開這家任職多年的公司。這也讓她明白,從幾年前她在洛杉磯參加銷售會議以來,公司的文化幾乎沒有任何變化。她表示,在阿迪達斯,黑人運動員和模特的形象在巨大的屏幕上閃現(xiàn),房間里充斥著無拘無束的說唱音樂。她回憶說:“關(guān)于黑人的詞匯循環(huán)播放”,然而她發(fā)現(xiàn)在700名員工中,只有20名黑人。

承諾做出改變

前阿迪達斯工作人員稱,在2020年喬治·弗洛伊德事件之后美國公司遭遇大動蕩前后,該零售商在多元、平等、包容(DEI)方面的努力,在很大程度上感覺像是擺設(shè)。《紐約時報》曾報道,在2018年,阿迪達斯位于俄勒岡州波特蘭的北美總部有1,700名員工,但只有不到5%的員工身份是黑人。據(jù)《時代》雜志采訪的消息人士稱,在全球,阿迪達斯只有約1%的副總裁是黑人。2020年,阿迪達斯對于多元、公平和包容的“清算”尤為慘烈。

那個夏天,員工通過遠程罷工和發(fā)布言辭激烈的社交媒體帖子,表達對公司的抗議。據(jù)媒體報道,在內(nèi)部調(diào)查之后,阿迪達斯的全球人力資源主管因稱多元化工作是“噪音”而被解雇。據(jù)爆料稱,一位長期任職的執(zhí)行委員會成員在一次200名經(jīng)理的會議上,稱一位黑人區(qū)域負(fù)責(zé)人是“對多元化的貢獻”,事后他遭到了調(diào)查。(經(jīng)過對此次事件和其他事件的長時間調(diào)查后,該執(zhí)行委員會成員于去年辭職。)

在2020年,經(jīng)過黑人員工與公司高層領(lǐng)導(dǎo)團隊之間長達數(shù)周的、常常公開的對峙之后,阿迪達斯做出了多項承諾,旨在修復(fù)關(guān)系并重建其多元化努力。有12名高級別黑人員工創(chuàng)建了一個在阿迪達斯提倡DEI的聯(lián)盟。為了響應(yīng)他們的工作和研究,阿迪達斯承諾在美國的所有新增招聘崗位,至少30%將雇傭黑人和拉丁裔,并承諾未來五年撥款1.2億美元獎學(xué)金,用于支持黑人學(xué)生。

這些承諾雖然沒有達到聯(lián)盟提出的要求,但卻是一個良好的開端。該聯(lián)盟變成了一個名為“聯(lián)合反對種族主義”的工作組,其中包括了多名白人高管發(fā)起者。

然而,時至今日,前任員工表示,過去四年,阿迪達斯幾乎沒有任何改善,而且在2023年比約恩·古爾登擔(dān)任CEO之后,公司在DEI方面的工作甚至出現(xiàn)了“倒退”。一位自稱在現(xiàn)場的前高管表示,古爾登上任后不久,就對高級員工們說DEI是在浪費時間,員工們應(yīng)該關(guān)心利潤。古爾登拒絕就本文置評,但阿迪達斯的發(fā)言人否認(rèn)古爾登曾說過這些話,并表示這并不代表他的立場。

總體而言,在2024年關(guān)于公司多元化工作的討論與2020年已有很大不同:2023年,最高法院的裁定禁止大學(xué)決策中使用基于種族的平權(quán)行動,受到鼓舞的美國保守派反DEI運動愈演愈烈,許多公司已經(jīng)縮減或放棄了DEI承諾。許多知名的首席多元官接連離職,或職能被合并到其他崗位。

在阿迪達斯,最初在2020年組織起來的12名黑人高管,已有7人離職,最初加入“聯(lián)合反對種族主義”的5位白人高管也已經(jīng)離開該組織。就在本月,該公司宣布將調(diào)整在美國的兩個高層職位,擔(dān)任這些職位的黑人高管將離職。

去年5月,阿迪達斯CEO比約恩·古爾登出席公司年度股東大會。

一位黑人現(xiàn)任員工表示,這則消息讓許多人感到“震驚”。這位員工說道:“他們都很真誠,備受我們尊敬,而且與我們有千絲萬縷的聯(lián)系。看到他們‘離開’或被解雇,對于組織發(fā)展走向是一個非常巨大的警告信號。”即便如此,這位員工表示,他們依舊希望阿迪達斯能夠重回正軌,“創(chuàng)造一個重視多元、公平和包容的工作場所”。

阿迪達斯在公司聲明中表示,其對DEI的承諾從未動搖。 阿迪達斯發(fā)言人稱,公司始終致力于由黑人和拉丁裔求職者填補30%的職位,并將投入“重要資源”,“與這些來自少數(shù)群體的求職者建立有意義的聯(lián)系”,同時遵循包容性招聘和留任的最佳實踐。

阿迪達斯在2020年承諾,到2025年,黑人和拉丁裔員工將從事公司20%至23%的崗位,其中12%將是領(lǐng)導(dǎo)崗位,即總監(jiān)及以上級別的崗位。當(dāng)時,來自這些種族群體的員工在這些崗位上的占比分別為12%和7%。到2023年底,這些目標(biāo)取得了良好的進展:黑人和拉丁裔員工在公司所有崗位中的占比達到18%,從事領(lǐng)導(dǎo)崗位的比例為10%。但公司拒絕披露在美國有多少高級領(lǐng)導(dǎo)崗位,也不愿透露留任率。

一位現(xiàn)任員工表示,留任是關(guān)鍵問題:他們表示:“我們所取得的任何進展都是臨時性的。”他們補充說,公司更注重雇傭足夠多的人來“表明我們正在做出改變”,但很少談?wù)搹氖骂I(lǐng)導(dǎo)崗位的黑人和拉丁裔員工的留任問題。他們說道:“我認(rèn)為這就是整件事的漏洞所在。”

黑人明星為阿迪達斯注入時尚元素

這家已有74年歷史的德國公司與美國黑人文化之間有著復(fù)雜的關(guān)系。雖然在20世紀(jì)70年代,拳擊手穆罕默德·阿里和喬·弗雷澤等黑人運動員都穿過阿迪達斯,但直到20世紀(jì)80年代末嘻哈文化興起,才真正將這個品牌推向了具有重要文化意義的領(lǐng)域。說唱組合Run-DMC的經(jīng)典歌曲《My Adidas》是一個轉(zhuǎn)折點,它幫助阿迪達斯的三條線和三葉草標(biāo)識變成了黑人文化和街頭時尚的象征。

該品牌與不同種族的名人都有合作和代言,但是黑人創(chuàng)作者和運動員顯然占據(jù)了突出的地位。說唱歌手米西·艾略特和“狗爺”Snoop Dogg分別在2000年代和2010年代與阿迪達斯合作推出了自己的系列產(chǎn)品。阿迪達斯最近合作的名人包括碧昂絲及她的Ivy Park品牌、音樂人法瑞爾·威廉姆斯和Humanrace、時尚設(shè)計師杰瑞·洛倫佐和Fear of God品牌,當(dāng)然還有坎耶。(碧昂斯、威廉姆斯和洛倫佐的代表均未回應(yīng)置評請求。)此外,阿迪達斯還贊助了許多運動員,包括詹姆斯·哈登、德里克·羅斯和帕特里克·馬霍姆斯等。

為阿迪達斯注入時尚元素的黑人和拉丁裔文體明星包括(從左上方按順時針)拳擊手穆罕默德·阿里;歌手和超級巨星碧昂斯;說唱組合Run-DMC;美國職業(yè)橄欖球大聯(lián)盟球星帕特里克·馬霍姆斯;波多黎各說唱歌手“壞痞兔”Bad Bunny;說唱歌手“狗爺”Snoop Dogg和米西·艾略特;已故NBA傳奇巨星科比·布萊恩特;以及音樂人和制作人法瑞爾·威廉姆斯。

多位黑人員工對《財富》雜志表示,公司的營銷策略與內(nèi)部人口結(jié)構(gòu)之間的脫節(jié),令黑人員工感到震驚。一位前黑人高管表示:“你看到的所有廣告代言人都是棕色膚色——他們肌肉發(fā)達,大汗淋漓,看起來強壯有力。”

另一位前黑人高管、“聯(lián)合反對種族主義”聯(lián)盟的原始成員之一表示,他曾呼吁阿迪達斯避免主要拍攝赤裸上身的黑人男性運動員和模特,他認(rèn)為這種做法是在暗示白人對黑人身體的所有權(quán)。該聯(lián)盟還說服公司停止將“城市”作為“黑人”的委婉說法。(阿迪達斯對《財富》雜志稱這種說法“不準(zhǔn)確”,但拒絕進一步詳細說明。)

一位前總監(jiān)級員工曾參與過阿迪達斯與黑人明星的合作。她表示,她看到了一種卑鄙的交易手段。該員工認(rèn)為公司的態(tài)度是:“我們要從這個人身上賺10億美元,但是他們并不關(guān)心要不要真正了解這些名人,了解他們背后的驅(qū)動力和靈感。”

內(nèi)部運動熄火

2020年因“珍視黑人生命”運動再次引發(fā)的憤怒已經(jīng)逐漸消退。一位前高管稱:“我認(rèn)為阿迪達斯并不理解非裔美國文化。我認(rèn)為他們只是因為2020年發(fā)生的事情而感到恐慌。”另一位前高管表示,公司承諾反思阿迪達斯的歷史和系統(tǒng)性種族歧視,但這些承諾很快就被拋到腦后:公司沒有深入了解黑人消費者和內(nèi)部脫節(jié)的原因,而是指向了“聯(lián)合反對種族主義”聯(lián)盟的工作,試圖制造一種公司有責(zé)任心的表象。

與此同時,許多加入聯(lián)盟的人后來都離開了公司。不公正的待遇日益積累,到2021年,一些黑人員工開始看到,2020年夏季之后實施的措施遭到了反彈。據(jù)幾位前高級員工透露,當(dāng)阿迪達斯要求全公司參加多元化和敏感性培訓(xùn)時,遭到了一些白人經(jīng)理的抵制,他們認(rèn)為這毫無用處,會干擾工作。

阿迪達斯前全球品類總監(jiān)、聯(lián)盟組織的成員勞倫·博迪記得,她自己當(dāng)時也對多元化培訓(xùn)持懷疑態(tài)度,擔(dān)心這只是表面文章。作為黑人,博迪表示,目標(biāo)明確的教育研討會是有用的,但它們通常只是“流于表面”。她認(rèn)為,包容性培訓(xùn)無法消除一些不良習(xí)慣,例如在拓展性任務(wù)和晉升方面忽視有色人種員工等。她問道:“我們可以逐項打勾,說我們已經(jīng)讀了這個模塊的內(nèi)容。很好。但公司正在做什么?品牌的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者都接受了培訓(xùn),但他們從中學(xué)到了什么?”

“聯(lián)合反對種族主義”不再作為一個員工組織存在,但其前成員可以說取得了一些成就。阿迪達斯成立了一個團隊負(fù)責(zé)與黑人和拉丁裔以及其他群體溝通,以及管理對有色人種創(chuàng)業(yè)者的投資。該聯(lián)盟的兩位籃球業(yè)務(wù)高管,在說服阿迪達斯將籃球業(yè)務(wù)部門從白人比重最大的美國大城市波特蘭搬到洛杉磯的過程中,也發(fā)揮了一定作用。《財富》雜志采訪的幾位前員工還指出,即使在喬治·弗洛伊德事件引發(fā)抗議活動之前,該公司已經(jīng)與法瑞爾·威廉姆斯和Pensole設(shè)計學(xué)院(Pensole Design Academy)合作,開設(shè)了一家面向年輕有色人種女性的鞋類設(shè)計學(xué)校。通過其“表彰黑人卓越”(Honoring Black Excellence)慈善項目,阿迪達斯向支持黑人運動員和社區(qū)的非營利組織資助了170萬美元。

然而,到2021年,黑人員工仍然對公司感到失望——一場離職潮開始。一位曾是聯(lián)盟組織成員的前白人高管表示,有些人覺得在2020年加入異議者的陣營,讓他們變成眾矢之的,被認(rèn)定為是“難相處的人”。(一位阿迪達斯發(fā)言人表示:“我們公司不會因為員工參與了2020年的聯(lián)盟等活動,而對員工標(biāo)簽化。我們重視不同意見的多元化,并鼓勵開放對話。”)其他人表示,即使一位黑人高管晉升到更高職位,他們的觀點也不被信任。一位前黑人高管回憶道,那種感覺就像是“閉嘴,你要慶幸你能在這個房間里。”

阿迪達斯聘請了許多有色人種擔(dān)任關(guān)鍵領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者。但很少有人能長期留任。前BET高管維姬·弗雷是阿迪達斯第一位女性全球市場營銷總監(jiān),也是首位擔(dān)任該職位的黑人女性,但她只在該公司工作了兩年。阿曼達·拉吉庫馬爾在2021年加入阿迪達斯,曾擔(dān)任全球人力資源總監(jiān),也是阿迪達斯執(zhí)行委員會的首位有色人種女性成員,她在2023年辭職。現(xiàn)在,公司的執(zhí)行委員會全部由白人組成,在公司監(jiān)事會有兩位有色人種女性,包括前奧運會田徑明星、非裔美國人杰基·喬伊納-克西。英國出生的前北美業(yè)務(wù)負(fù)責(zé)人魯伯特·坎貝爾已于去年晚些時候遞交了辭呈。他是擔(dān)任這個職位的首位黑人管理者。他在2022年從俄羅斯被調(diào)到波特蘭,僅在那里工作了不到兩年。

接替坎貝爾和拉吉庫馬爾的高管都是白人。一位前員工解釋稱,目前全球市場營銷業(yè)務(wù)也由一位歐洲白人男性負(fù)責(zé),只是他沒有弗雷之前的頭銜。(對于《財富》雜志關(guān)于此事的詢問,阿迪達斯解釋稱:“我們的人才遴選過程側(cè)重于根據(jù)資質(zhì)和經(jīng)驗,任命最合格的候選者。”)

位于德國黑措根奧拉赫的阿迪達斯總部。

一位前阿迪達斯員工透露,許多有色人種領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者因為上司和董事會成員的“微侵略行為被迫離開公司”,這種說法也得到了其他員工的認(rèn)同。古爾登將最近設(shè)立的多元化總監(jiān)崗位,從全球總部調(diào)到波特蘭,并為該崗位增加了人力資源職權(quán),削弱了該職位對DEI的專注。一位前高管稱,古爾登表示在歐洲不存在多元化問題。(公司否認(rèn)古爾登曾這樣說,并表示這不“代表他的態(tài)度或公司的現(xiàn)實。”)一位黑人高管回憶曾被一名董事會成員問道:“為什么黑人男性喜歡朝人開槍?”

即使在目前DEI遭到反彈的大環(huán)境下,常識性的支持多元化的商業(yè)理由依舊很有說服力——年輕員工將多元化列為優(yōu)先事項,而且研究顯示,多元化團隊會做出更加明智的決策,從而帶來更高的利潤和收入。多元化人才的流失以及阿迪達斯被視為DEI方面的落后者,可能會成為阿迪達斯的沉重負(fù)擔(dān)。晨星(Morningstar)分析師大衛(wèi)·施瓦茨指出,像阿迪達斯和耐克這種運動用品公司經(jīng)常因高層領(lǐng)導(dǎo)做出的決策而面臨財務(wù)和聲譽災(zāi)難,這些高層領(lǐng)導(dǎo)大多是白人男性。例如,耐克因解雇懷孕的女性運動員而卷入公關(guān)危機。施瓦茨問道:“你會想,是不是因為那些高管是白人男性,所以他們看待這一切的出發(fā)點是‘我們想讓這些人帶動鞋子和服裝的銷售’,而不是考慮‘這會對我們在顧客心目中的形象產(chǎn)生什么影響?’”他強調(diào)了阿迪達斯面臨的潛在風(fēng)險。

在談到體育用品公司員工隊伍多元化的必要性時,一位阿迪達斯前員工說道:“它并不是喊兩聲‘庫姆巴亞,讓我們手拉手’這么簡單。這在商業(yè)上勢在必行,如果你不了解客戶的價值,你就會受到影響,我們目前正處在這個時刻。”

前阿迪達斯品牌營銷項目經(jīng)理科雅·威爾遜表示,公司還應(yīng)該認(rèn)識,如果它們利用了社區(qū)的文化,就有道德上的基本理由尊重這些社區(qū)。

威爾遜是“聯(lián)合反對種族主義”聯(lián)盟的兩位黑人女性成員之一。她表示:“如果你在談?wù)摵谌耍覀兙褪悄愕哪繕?biāo)客戶,那么公司內(nèi)部的人員就應(yīng)該代表外部的目標(biāo)人群。”

合作破裂的余波

阿迪達斯的前員工們表示,黑人員工們對坎耶反黑人的種族主義言論發(fā)出了警告,但公司的應(yīng)對方式令他們依舊感覺被背叛。該公司與這位音樂人的關(guān)系所產(chǎn)生的余波,仍然在公眾的審視下繼續(xù)蔓延,令人深感不安。

有一批在2018年至2023年初購買阿迪達斯股票的投資者提起集體訴訟,指控阿迪達斯未披露與坎耶的行為相關(guān)的風(fēng)險,導(dǎo)致投資者被誤導(dǎo)。投資者表示,公司早在2018年就已經(jīng)知道員工對坎耶的奴隸制言論和其他行為問題感到不安。阿迪達斯在向《財富》雜志發(fā)表的聲明中表示:“我們堅決拒絕這些毫無根據(jù)的指控,并將采取一切必要措施對于這些說法進行有力的辯護。”

坎耶·維斯特與(從左到右)Yeezy總經(jīng)理喬恩·韋克斯勒;前Yeezy產(chǎn)品全球總監(jiān)雷切爾·馬斯喀特;以及阿迪達斯首席銷售官亞瑟·霍爾德。

雖然有些難以接受,但事后來看,阿迪達斯選擇與坎耶繼續(xù)合作,在財務(wù)上具有一定的邏輯:即使這位說唱歌手2018年在TMZ引起風(fēng)波之后,阿迪達斯次年的Yeezy銷售額依舊突破了10億美元。(坎耶獲得15%的銷售分成。)在雙方合作終止當(dāng)年,阿迪達斯損失了5億美元銷售額,這聽起來像是滅頂之災(zāi),但與媒體報道的自合作以來Yeezy銷售額貢獻的60億美元總收入(一些援引分析師估計)相比,這似乎并不那么驚人。在合作破裂后,阿迪達斯通過銷售庫存的Yeezy球鞋賺取了數(shù)億美元,盡管公司表示將部分收益捐贈給反仇恨組織。而且坎耶依舊從中獲得了分成。

阿迪達斯從彪馬挖來古爾登擔(dān)任CEO,是希望他能扭轉(zhuǎn)公司的狀況。他在提振公司股價方面已經(jīng)取得了進展,過去一年股價上漲了30%,盡管依舊低于2021年。在2021年,Yeezy鞋的銷售和其他市場因素,使公司股價屢創(chuàng)新高。至于多元化和包容性方面,新管理層已經(jīng)有一些公開的不智之舉。

最近,阿迪達斯因為失去了德國國家足球隊的贊助合同而備受打擊,到2027年,耐克將取代阿迪達斯成為德國隊的贊助商。與此同時,阿迪達斯又爆發(fā)了一場丑聞:德國隊球衣上使用的字體,使數(shù)字44看起來非常像原納粹黨衛(wèi)軍的標(biāo)志“SS”。該公司不得不禁止球迷在聯(lián)賽官方球衣上印這個號碼。(阿迪達斯在一封郵件中指出,數(shù)字的設(shè)計由德國足協(xié)(German Football Association)負(fù)責(zé)管理,與阿迪達斯無關(guān)。)

一些員工擔(dān)心古爾登可能會重新探討與坎耶的合作關(guān)系:去年9月,這位CEO在一檔體育播客中表示,他并不認(rèn)為坎耶關(guān)于猶太人的言論是認(rèn)真的,這在阿迪達斯內(nèi)部敲響了警鐘。公眾和內(nèi)部的強烈反對迫使CEO收回了這一言論。

今年2月中旬,坎耶在Instagram上發(fā)布了一張自己與古爾登在洛杉磯機場坐在一起的照片。起初,這位音樂人在標(biāo)題中說他在超級碗后“偶遇”了古爾登,并與他討論了Yeezy的銷售分配協(xié)議。(古爾登公開否認(rèn)有恢復(fù)合作的任何計劃。)

后來,坎耶把標(biāo)題改為“讓阿迪達斯再次偉大”——最后徹底刪除了所有內(nèi)容。 (財富中文網(wǎng))

翻譯:劉進龍

審校:汪皓

Kanye West at a 2016 event in Hollywood.

JONATHAN LEIBSON—GETTY IMAGES FOR ADIDAS

Watching the home-video clips of Beyoncé as a child, interspersed with glimpses of young girls of color stretching to hit the high notes in the pop star’s “All Night,” it’s hard not to feel chills. The Adidas “Impossible Is Nothing” ad campaign (the title a quote from legendary boxer Muhammad Ali) delivers an irresistibly inspiring message, showing the world how a determined and talented Black girl from Houston reinvented herself as a global icon.

Adidas is known for projecting this progressive, scrappy optimism in its marketing campaigns, with Black success stories often driving the narrative, and Black athletes, models, artists, and celebrities carrying the message. But former and current employees at the German company say that despite this public exaltation of Black empowerment, Black professionals within the corporation are rarely able to penetrate the top strata of leadership—or to feel comfortable when they do.

They describe a cascade of slights and microaggressions at the 74-year-old athletic-wear giant that have marginalized their perspectives. As one former Adidas executive who is Black put it: “Internally, there was a cap on how far you could go.”

Adidas is far from the only company that has been criticized for leadership ranks dominated by white men. But the brand’s showcasing of Black culture and bodies in its marketing—including most notably its ill-fated alliance with rapper, producer, and designer Ye (formerly known as Kanye West)—has often shoved its corporate diversity struggles into the spotlight.

Lately, former and current Black leaders at the company tell Fortune, things have gotten worse: Since the beginning of 2023, 10 Black and brown executives at the VP level and above—many hired in the U.S. in 2020 and 2021 during the reckoning in corporate America following the murder of George Floyd—have been pushed out or quit, Fortune has learned. At least eight other Black executives in key roles in the U.S. have also departed since 2020.

A spokesperson for the company didn’t dispute these numbers but said “the rate of departures among Black executives was either lower or comparable to that of other groups.” Adidas declined to disclose, however, how many roles at the VP level and above are held by Black executives or other underrepresented groups and would not share any other data about executive departures.

Sources say the loss of so many high-level people of color—which included seven in the U.S.—has been significant, and a visible blow to diversity efforts at the company. To put this in context: Sources tell Fortune that Adidas’s leadership ranks include an estimated 275 leaders at the VP level and above, with approximately 55 roles in the U.S. among them (numbers that roughly align with public data available on LinkedIn). Of those, there were nine Black vice presidents or above at Adidas North America before the departures—so the seven Black executives at that level who have left since early 2023 made a significant dent. Sources also point to the withering of a diversity-focused committee formed in 2020, whose members have largely left the company.

Among the sources Fortune spoke to for this article were 12 former and current Adidas managers and executives who requested anonymity, fearing that revealing their identity would jeopardize their jobs and future employment opportunities. (For Black executives, several people said, talking to the press about racism in the workplace presents a conundrum: The same anti-Black biases and stereotypes that they hope to erode by shining light on their experiences also prevent them from speaking on the record, for fear of being labeled as angry or bitter.)

The Adidas spokeswoman pointed to improvement in the company’s overall diversity numbers, and said the company remains dedicated to meeting its diversity goals. Regarding how former and current employees who spoke to Fortune depict the company’s culture, she wrote in an email: “We vehemently disagree with these views as they do not accurately reflect the reality of our company or the sentiments of our current employees.”

Indeed, there can be no one definitive narrative of a company’s culture, especially that of a $43 billion multinational brand: Every employee’s experience is their own. Still, the picture of being a Black executive at Adidas that emerges from these interviews raises important questions about who is empowered to lead at the company, and why. And it can serve as a cautionary tale about the pitfalls of taking a superficial approach that pays lip service to diversity—without doing the work.

Beyoncé’s Ivy Park collaboration with Adidas ended in 2023.

TIMOTHY A. CLARY—AFP/GETTY IMAGES

The Adidas-Yeezy meltdown’s unseen effect

It’s impossible to talk about diversity at Adidas without considering its biggest success of the past decade—which turned into its most spectacular public relations disaster. The story of the Yeezy line, and Adidas’s falling out with its cocreator, Ye, that’s familiar to most, happened in 2022: the messy, embarrassing, financially devastating breakup of the German shoe giant and the American superstar after he took to social media to say he was about to go “death con 3 on JEWISH PEOPLE.” (Presumably, he meant Defcon 3, the military term suggesting readiness for a full assault.)

Less well known is a backstory that Black Adidas employees haven’t been able to forget: They say they lodged complaints about Ye’s anti-Black statements years earlier, but they were ignored—and that his public anti-Semitic comments were taken far more seriously than the anti-Black comments he made in the press. (The company also reportedly ignored a slew of Ye’s comments made in private that offended various groups, including Jewish employees.)

The first significant crack in Adidas’s relationship with Ye appeared in May of 2018. That’s when the celebrity was interviewed on the Hollywood news site TMZ and suggested that America’s history of slavery could be blamed on enslaved people. “When you hear about slavery for 400 years. For 400 years? That sounds like a choice,” he told the stunned TMZ anchors.

The incident was a red flag for Adidas employees working on Ye’s Yeezy sneaker line, a team that was mostly Black and brown within a corporate arm that was predominantly white. The team requested a meeting with top leadership to discuss Ye’s offensive remark and other problematic behavior. Across Adidas, Black employees spoke with their managers, who ran their concerns up the chain.

Bimma Williams, a former marketer for the Yeezy line, later described the Yeezy team meeting—in which he said he went “toe to toe” with leadership about Ye’s comments—on a Complex podcast. “My question was, How can you expect me to show up to work and give all that I give to this team,” he recalled, “if we don’t feel like the values that we carry are represented here—and you’re not saying anything about it?

“I have to know you care about what it is that I am as a human in order for me to feel like I care about hitting these numbers,” he continued. “My experience started to deteriorate from there, because I just couldn’t really get an understanding from the brand, what the brand stands for.” (Williams did not respond to a request for further comment.)

2018 was a precarious moment in Ye’s partnership with the brand: Adidas was building hype for the three-year-old Yeezy line with small, sporadic releases—or “drops” in the parlance of sneakerheads—a strategy to juice demand. And behind the scenes, the company was betting big on the collab, ramping up production of Yeezy’s distinctive, genre-busting sneakers. Being tied to the artist gave Adidas a fighting chance in its long-fought battle for market share against Nike’s Jordan brand, the label that had dominated sneakerhead culture and defined cool for Black and Latino customers since Michael Jordan chose Nike over Adidas to launch his market-changing shoe line in the 1980s.

The Adidas Yeezy 750 Boost, at a fashion show in 2015.

KEVIN MAZUR—GETTY IMAGES FOR ADIDAS

In response to internal calls to “do something” about Ye, then-CEO Kasper R?rsted, a white European, “silenced us,” said one ex-employee, who is Black and asked to remain anonymous because she still works in the field. Some Black Adidas workers wanted the company to cut ties with Ye, she explained, while others asked that the company at least denounce Ye’s slavery comments publicly. R?rsted responded to these requests with vague promises to speak with the celebrity about the issue, then reminded workers how much the company was making from the Yeezy deal, said the former worker. The suggestion, the employee said, was that the company would “crumble in on itself” if it dropped Ye. “There was never a direct response,” she said. And there were no repercussions.

Following the TMZ interview, Adidas’s leadership team discussed options for responding, the Wall Street Journal later reported, but ultimately chose to forge ahead with the partnership. R?rsted declined to comment for this story, but in 2018, he appeared on Bloomberg TV and said, “There clearly are some comments we can’t support.” But when asked if there had been internal conversations at Adidas about dropping Ye, the CEO responded, simply, “No.” “Kanye has helped us have a great comeback in the U.S.,” R?rsted told CNBC after the TMZ debacle.

When the Yeezy collaboration collapsed four years later, following Ye’s “death con” tweet, a Black senior executive recalls a white executive saying: “It’s really getting bad now because the Jews are upset, and in America, Jews have all the power. So we have to deal with this.” That was the day that particular executive decided to leave, they told Fortune: “Something inside of me died.”

Ye, who has spoken openly about his mental health issues, eventually apologized for the “death con 3” rant and has said he regretted his earlier outburst about slavery. But the uproar he caused with his anti-Semitism in 2022 made continuing his contract a nonstarter for the German firm—even though the collaboration delivered an estimated 40% of the company’s profits at that point. (Ye did not respond to multiple requests for comment via his Yeezy fashion line or other avenues. Adidas declined to comment on the split, saying that the company had terminated the Yeezy partnership and it had “nothing to add” to previous statements.)

Adidas was not the only company to part ways with Ye during the volatile period following his anti-Semitic tweets. Fashion retailer the Gap and Balenciaga both ended their relationships with the musician in late 2022. But for Adidas, the breakup with Ye and his sneaker brand was a public relations and financial disaster that left the company with 1.2 billion euros ($1.3 billion) worth of unsold inventory in various stages of development. In 2022, Yeezy shoes were on track to bring in $1.7 billion and instead fell half a billion short of that.

The Foam Runner, photographed with designer Steven Smith and Ye in 2019, was one of several hugely successful Yeezy shoes.

BRAD BARKET—GETTY IMAGES FOR FAST COMPANY

Arguably, this could all have been avoided if Adidas’s leaders had only listened to the Black employees who raised the alarm in 2018. So why didn’t they? The fact that Yeezy was already a promising moneymaker is part of the answer. But former executives at the company say the brand’s limp reaction to the concerns of the Yeezy team in 2018 was indicative of larger problems.

“I do think the bottom line was a factor,” one former top executive who is Black told Fortune, referring to the company’s decision to not drop Ye after his slavery-was-a-choice comment. “I also think it was a factor that it was a majority Black and brown team, and he was a Black man.” When Ye behaved badly, this person said, the implied message from white leadership was, “Okay, Black people, that’s your guy.” Complaints about Ye from Adidas’s Black employees were dismissable, in other words.

In the aftermath of the Yeezy breakup, it emerged that the sneaker maker had tolerated bizarre and offensive behavior from Ye for years. From early on, the star had asked employees to watch porn as a creativity-boosting exercise, the New York Times reported. He had reportedly forced one woman of color on the design team to sit on the floor during a meeting because she “didn’t deserve a seat at the table,” according to Rolling Stone. He drew swastikas on sneakers and was prone to fits of rage. Members of the Yeezy team experienced verbal abuse, burnout, and low morale, and many quit their jobs.

When Adidas eventually canceled Ye’s partnership over his public comments about Jews (reportedly a decision top management ultimately reached in a two-minute phone call), “that was a difficult conversation internally,” said a former employee, who is Black.

“Black employees at that moment couldn’t understand why Adidas turned their back [on them] years prior when Ye made the controversial remarks about Black people and slavery.”

Roots in rural Bavaria

Black former Adidas employees who spoke to Fortune about the disconnect between the brand’s marketing image and its internal lack of diversity invariably returned to two topics: corporate culture and Herzogenaurach, Germany, the rural town in Bavaria where the company is headquartered. Adidas’s culture is rather bureaucratic and top-down, employees say. Major decisions about faraway markets are made in Herzogenaurach, hardly a world—or even a European—cultural capital.

The town, which data from the government show is largely German and white, is known as the birthplace of brothers Adolf “Adi” and Rudolf “Rudi” Dassler, whose sibling rivalry split the family shoe company and gave the world the competing athletic apparel giants Adidas and Puma. But past employees say that the town’s tainted lore—like many German business leaders of the 1930s, both brothers joined the Nazi party—adds to the HQ’s “weird” vibe. Expats who are not white and European can find it a particularly lonely place to visit or live. One former Adidas executive said working in “Herzo” as a Black person made them feel like “a giraffe on roller skates.”

Adidas founder Adolf Dassler’s home (white building at top of frame) became part of the factory site and later the business headquarters in Herzogenaurach, Germany.

COURTESY OF ADIDAS

Another former senior executive wondered, “If you want the best of the best talent from a global perspective, why would you ask them to move to a farm?”

A former category director, who is Black, recalled one particularly telling incident during a trip to Adidas’s head office last spring. Her mission was to wow its global product leaders, who were all white, with a presentation about her unit’s planned clothing line, she said. The former director recalls navigating the campus with a group of her mostly Black and brown colleagues the day she arrived.

Dragging duffel bags and rolling racks of clothing, they approached the Adidas mothership, a modern and striking glass and concrete building held aloft by steel pillars. “Everybody was just staring at us,” she said. Then, at a corporate fete following her successful presentation, a peer approached her: “Oh man,” he said. “I saw you guys walking across campus, and I thought you were rappers that Adidas hired for our meeting!”

That comment solidified her resolve to leave after several years at the company, she said. It also told her that little had changed since she attended a sales meeting in Los Angeles a few years before. There, she said, images of Black athletes and models flashed on huge screens, and uncensored rap music filled the room. “The N-word was on rotation,” she recalled, yet in a crowd of 700 employees, she counted only 20 who were Black.

Promises to change

Former Adidas workers say the retailer’s DEI efforts largely felt like window dressing before and after the post–George Floyd cataclysm in corporate America in 2020. Already, the New York Times had reported that in 2018, fewer than 5% of the 1,700 employees at Adidas’s North American headquarters in Portland, Ore., identified as Black. Globally, about 1% of the company’s vice presidents were Black, according to sources who spoke with the Times. The company’s “reckoning” over diversity, equity, and inclusion at Adidas in 2020 was particularly bitter.

That summer, employees protested with remote walkouts and adamant social media posts. Following internal investigations, the global head of HR lost her job for reportedly calling diversity efforts “noise.” A longtime executive board member was investigated after it was revealed he’d referred to a Black regional leader as a “contribution to diversity” at a meeting of 200 managers. (After a lengthy inquiry into that incident and others, the board member resigned last year.)

In 2020, following the weeks-long, often public, confrontation between Black employees and the company’s top leadership team, Adidas made several pledges to repair ties and rebuild its diversity efforts. In response to the work and research of a group of 12 high-level Black employees who had created a coalition advocating for DEI across Adidas, the company promised that Black and Latino people would fill at least 30% of all new job openings in the U.S. and earmarked $120 million for scholarships to support Black students over five years.

The promises fell short of the asks made by the coalition—which became a working group known as United Against Racism and came to include several white executive sponsors—but it was a start.

Today, however, ex-employees say that little has improved at Adidas over the past four years, and, if anything, there has been a “rewinding” of DEI progress under Bj?rn Gulden, who became CEO in 2023. Soon after his appointment, Gulden commented to senior staff that DEI was a waste of time and that employees should get back to caring about profits, according to a former executive who said they were in the room. Gulden declined to comment for this article, but an Adidas spokesperson denied that Gulden made these statements and said they do not reflect his attitude.

Broadly, the discussion of corporate diversity efforts in 2024 is quite different from that of 2020: Following the Supreme Court’s 2023 decision prohibiting the use of race-based affirmative action in college decisions, an emboldened conservative anti-DEI movement is operating at full tilt in the U.S., and many companies have scaled down or walked back their DEI commitments. A string of high-profile chief diversity officers have also left their posts or seen their functions rolled into other jobs.

At Adidas, seven of the 12 original Black executives who had organized in 2020 have left the company, and all five of the white executives who initially joined United Against Racism are gone. Just this month, the company announced that two additional high-level roles in the U.S. were being reorganized, and the Black executives holding those jobs would leave.

Adidas CEO Bj?rn Gulden at the company’s annual general meeting last May.

DANIEL KARMANN—PICTURE ALLIANCE/GETTY IMAGES

A current employee who is Black said the news left many feeling “shook.” “These were real genuine people that we looked up to and have connected with on the side,” says this person. “And just to see that they were quote-unquote leaving or being let go was a huge, huge red flag in the direction of the organization.” Even so, this employee said that they were still hopeful Adidas could get back on track “in terms of creating a place that values diversity, equity, and inclusion.”

In corporate statements, Adidas said that its commitment to DEI hasn’t wavered. An Adidas spokesperson said the company remains dedicated to filling 30% of corporate roles with Black and Latino candidates and devotes “significant resources” to building “meaningful connections with candidates from these underrepresented communities,” while following best practices for inclusive hiring and retention.

Adidas pledged in 2020 that by 2025, Black and Latinx employees would represent 20% to 23% of corporate roles, of which 12% would be leadership jobs, defined as roles at the director level and above. At the time, employees from those racial groups held 12% and 7% of these roles, respectively. At the end of 2023, it had made good progress toward those goals: Black and Latinx employees represented 18% of corporate roles and 10% of leadership positions. The company declined, however, to disclose how many senior leadership roles exist in the U.S., nor would it share retention rates.

Retention is the key problem, said one current employee: “Any progress that we make is temporary progress,” they said, adding that the company pays more attention to hiring enough people to “say that we’re making a difference” but rarely talks about keeping Black and Latinx employees in leadership roles. “I think that’s the loophole in this whole thing,” they said.

Black celebrities gave Adidas its cool factor

The 74-year-old German firm has a complex relationship with American Black culture. While Black athletes such as the boxers Muhammad Ali and Joe Frazier wore Adidas in the 1970s, it was the rise of the hip-hop era in the late 1980s that truly catapulted the brand into the realm of cultural significance. The enduring track “My Adidas” by rap trio Run-DMC marked a turning point, helping Adidas’s three stripes and trefoil logo become symbols of Black culture and streetwear fashion.

The brand’s celebrity collaborations and endorsements include people of various races, but Black creators and athletes are prominently featured. The rappers Missy Elliott and Snoop Dogg each created lines with Adidas in the aughts and 2010s, respectively. More recently, Adidas collaborated with Beyoncé and her Ivy Park label, musician Pharrell Williams and Humanrace, fashion designer Jerry Lorenzo and Fear of God, and, of course, Ye. (Representatives for Beyoncé, Williams, and Lorenzo didn’t respond to requests for comment.) Adidas also sponsors many athletes, including James Harden, Derrick Rose, and Patrick Mahomes.

The Black and Latino musicians and athletes who have given Adidas its cool factor include (clockwise from top left) boxer Muhammad Ali; singer and megastar Beyoncé; rappers Run-DMC; NFL star Patrick Mahomes; Puerto Rican rapper and singer Bad Bunny; rappers Snoop Dogg and Missy Elliott; the late NBA legend Kobe Bryant; and musician and producer Pharrell Williams.

PHOTO ILLUSTRATION BY ALEXANDRA SCIMECCA/FORTUNE; ORIGINAL PHOTOS: BEYONCé: PARKWOOD ENTERTAINMENT/MELINA MATSOUKAS; GETTY IMAGES (9)

The disconnect between this marketing approach and the internal demographics of the company was striking to Black employees, several told Fortune. “If you look at all the ads, it’s brown bodies everywhere—muscular, wet, looking powerful and strong,” said one former executive who is Black.

Another ex-executive, who is also Black and was one of the original members of the coalition, said he pushed Adidas to avoid photographing mostly Black male athletes and models with bare chests, a practice he saw as implying white ownership over Black bodies. The coalition also persuaded the company to stop using “urban” as a euphemism for “Black.” (Adidas told Fortune that this account was “inaccurate” but declined to elaborate.)

A former director-level employee who worked with one of Adidas’s Black celebrity partners said they saw a cravenly transactional approach. “So we’re going to make a billion dollars off of this person,” the employee said of the company’s attitude, as she perceived it. “But when it comes to getting to know them, and what drives them, and what inspires them, that they could care less about.”

An internal movement withers

The inferno that the Black Lives Matter resurgence sparked in 2020 has since dwindled. “I don’t think Adidas understands African American culture. And I think they’re fearful of it because of what happened in 2020,” a former senior executive said. Corporate promises to reflect on Adidas’s history and systemic racism were quickly forgotten, said another: Rather than dig in to understand Black consumers and the disconnect internally, the company pointed to the work of United Against Racism to create a veneer of accountability.

Meanwhile, many of those who joined the coalition have since left the company. Indignities accumulated, and by 2021, some Black employees had begun to observe a backlash to the measures put in place after the summer of 2020. When Adidas mandated companywide diversity and sensitivity training, it sparked pushback from some white managers who saw it as a useless distraction, according to several past senior employees.

Lauren Body, a former global category director at Adidas who was part of the coalition, remembers herself being skeptical of diversity training at the time and worried it would be performative. Body, who is Black, said purposeful educational seminars are useful, but that they’re often “surface level.” Inclusion lessons, she said, fail to root out insidious habits such as overlooking employees of color for stretch assignments and promotions. “We can tick a box that said we read the module. Great. But what else is the company doing?” she asks. “Leaders around the brand have taken the training, but what have they learned?”

United Against Racism no longer exists as a group of employees, but its former members can claim some wins. The company created a team that oversees its engagement with Black and Latino populations, and other groups, and its investments in entrepreneurs of color. Two basketball executives in the coalition also played a role in persuading Adidas to move its basketball division to Los Angeles from Portland, which is among the whitest of big American cities. Several former employees who spoke to Fortune also noted that, even before the George Floyd protests, the company had partnered with Pharrell Williams and Pensole Design Academy to launch a shoe design school for young women of color. And through its “Honoring Black Excellence” philanthropic program, the company has given $1.7 million to nonprofits supporting Black athletes and communities.

Still, by 2021, Black employees remained frustrated—and an exodus began. Some felt that being among the 2020 dissenters put a target on their backs, marking them as “difficult people,” said one white former executive who was a member of the coalition. (An Adidas spokesperson said, “Our company does not label employees based on their participation in initiatives like the 2020 coalition. We value diversity of opinions and encourage open dialogue.”) Others said that even once a Black executive was promoted to a higher title, their perspective was not trusted. The sense was, “Shut up and be happy you’re in the room,” one former Black executive recalls.

Adidas hired some people of color as key leaders. Few lasted long. Vicky Free, a former BET executive who became the first female global head of marketing and first Black woman in that role at Adidas, stayed for two years. Amanda Rajkumar, the former global head of human resources and the first woman of color on Adidas’s executive board, quit in 2023, after starting in 2021. The executive board is now entirely white, while two women of color, including African American former Olympic track and field star Jackie Joyner-Kersee, sit on the company’s supervisory board. Rupert Campbell, the U.K.-born former head of North America and the first Black manager to hold the role, gave his notice to Adidas late last year. He spent less than two years in Portland after a 2022 transfer from Russia.

The executives hired to replace Campbell and Rajkumar are both white. A white European man is also in charge of global marketing, a former employee explains, though he doesn’t hold Free’s previous title. (Asked about this, Adidas explained to Fortune, “Our selection process focuses on appointing the most qualified candidates based on their qualifications and experience.”)

Adidas headquarters in Herzogenaurach, Germany.

COURTESY OF ADIDAS

According to a past employee, many leaders of color were “micro-aggressed out the door” by their superiors and board members—an assessment shared by other former workers. Gulden moved a recently created head of diversity role from the global head office to Portland and added an HR remit to the position, diluting the role’s focus on DEI. He said diversity wasn’t an issue in Europe, according to a former executive. (The company denied that Gulden made this statement, writing that it does not “reflect his attitude or the reality of the company.”) One senior executive who is Black recalls being asked by a board member, “Why do Black men like to shoot people?”

Even in the current climate of DEI backlash, the commonsense business case for diversity remains strong—with younger workers listing it as a priority and research showing that diverse teams make measurably smarter decisions that lead to higher profits and revenue. The loss of diverse talent, and the perception of Adidas as a DEI laggard, could be a significant liability for Adidas. David Swartz, a Morningstar analyst, pointed out that sporting goods companies like Adidas and Nike often face financial and reputational disasters owing to decisions made by top leaders, who largely remain white men. Nike, for example, was embroiled in a PR crisis for firing women athletes when they became pregnant. “You wonder, is that because the executives are white men and they’re looking at all this as, ‘We want these people to drive sales of shoes and clothing,’ rather than considering, ‘What does this do to our image with our customers?’” Swartz asks, highlighting the potential risks for Adidas.

“It’s not ‘Kumbaya, let’s all hold hands,’” said one Adidas alum about the need for sporting goods companies to diversify their workforces. “This is a business imperative, and you will suffer if you don’t understand the values of your consumer, and the moment that we’re in.”

Coiya Wilson, a former project manager in brand marketing at Adidas, said companies should also recognize the basic moral case for honoring the communities whose cultures they tap into.

“If you’re talking about Black people, and we’re your target,” said Wilson, who was one of two Black women in the United Against Racism coalition, “then the people internally should represent the people you’re targeting externally.”

The aftereffects of a breakup

Black employees still feel betrayed by how Adidas responded to their alarm at Ye’s anti-Black racism, former workers say. And the fallout from the company’s relationship with the musician continues to play out uncomfortably and under the harsh gaze of public scrutiny.

A group of investors who bought Adidas shares between 2018 and early 2023 has filed a class-action lawsuit claiming that Adidas misled shareholders by not disclosing the risks connected to Ye’s behavior. The company knew as far back as 2018 that employees were rattled by Ye’s slavery remarks and other behavioral issues, the investors say. In a company statement to Fortune, Adidas said, “We outright reject these unfounded claims and will take all necessary measures to vigorously defend ourselves against them.”

Kanye West with (from left) Jon Wexler, general manager of Yeezy; Rachel Muscat, former global director of Yeezy product; and Arthur Hoeld, Adidas chief sales officer.

STEPHEN LOVEKIN—VARIETY/PENSKE MEDIA/GETTY IMAGES

Though a tough pill to swallow, in retrospect, Adidas’s continuation of its relationship with Ye holds some financial logic: Even after the rapper’s 2018 TMZ outburst, Yeezy sales at Adidas climbed to over $1 billion the following year. (Ye received a 15% cut of all sales.) The half billion dollars in lost sales the year of the breakup sounds devastating, except when compared with the $6 billion in total revenue that has been attributed to Yeezy sales in press accounts (some citing analyst estimates) since the partnership began. In the wake of the partnership’s collapse, Adidas has made hundreds of millions selling Yeezys that were already in the pipeline, though it said it’s donating a portion of the proceeds to anti-hate groups. Ye is also still earning a share of sales.

Gulden, a designated turnaround CEO poached from Puma, has made progress shoring up the company’s share price, which is up 30% over the past year, though still depressed compared with 2021 when Yeezy sales and other market forces lifted it to record highs. As for diversity and inclusion, the new administration has made some public missteps.

Recently, while Adidas was still reeling from losing its contract with the German national soccer team to Nike, which will take over as the team’s sponsor from 2027, a scandal broke: The font used on that team’s jersey made the number 44 look remarkably like the “SS” logo for Schutzstaffel, a former Nazi paramilitary group. The company had to ban fans from personalizing official league jerseys with that number. (Adidas noted in an email that the design of the numbers is managed by the German Football Association, independently of Adidas.)

Some employees have worried that Gulden might explore a renewed partnership with Ye: Last September, the CEO set off alarm bells within Adidas when he said on a sports podcast that he didn’t think Ye meant what he said about Jews. A public and internal backlash forced the CEO to walk back the comment.

Then, in mid-February, Ye posted an Instagram photo of himself sitting next to Gulden at a Los Angeles airport. At first, the musician said in a caption that he had “bumped into” Gulden after the Super Bowl and floated a Yeezy distribution deal with him. (Gulden publicly denied any plans for resuming the partnership.)

Ye then changed the caption to “Make Adidas Great Again”—before ultimately deleting everything.

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