華爾街最大的“空頭”放棄了等待冬天到來。
摩根士丹利(Morgan Stanley)首席投資官兼首席美國股票策略師邁克·威爾遜曾預測美股將在一年多內(nèi)迎來大幅回調(diào),但他在近日的一份報告中改變了看法,稱他現(xiàn)在預計標普500指數(shù)在未來12個月內(nèi)將上漲1.5%,達到5,400點。
股市在12月內(nèi)上漲1.5%聽起來并不是太樂觀的預測,因為標普500指數(shù)在過去100年中的年均回報率約為10%,但這表明威爾遜的立場發(fā)生了重大轉(zhuǎn)變。這位資深策略師曾預測該藍籌股指數(shù)在未來12個月內(nèi)將下挫15%,跌至4,500點,而且他在一段時間以來一直看跌美股。
威爾遜對市場前景看法的轉(zhuǎn)變,與摩根士丹利首席經(jīng)濟學家艾倫·增特納的經(jīng)濟預測一致。增特納在2月上調(diào)了對美國GDP增長的預期,并預測通脹逐漸降溫,且今年會有三次降息,這應該可以緩解當前企業(yè)盈利方面所面臨的壓力。
2022年,威爾遜曾預測,由于“冰火兩重天”(加息和經(jīng)濟增長放緩)的影響,當年股市將會暴跌,這個非常有先見之明的預測讓他獲得了華爾街頂級策略師的稱號。但在過去一年半的時間里,他的悲觀態(tài)度導致了一些預測失誤。
2023年1月,他警告稱,看漲的投資者買入股票會掉入熊市陷阱,他還指出他的盈利模型顯示企業(yè)利潤率受到“侵蝕”。他當時寫道:“熊市的最后階段總是最令人難以捉摸,我們一直高度警惕這種虛張聲勢的假動作。可以說,我們之所以沒有抓住最近的這波反彈,是因為我們的工作和流程都有令人信服的理由看跌收益。”
六個月后,盡管美股持續(xù)大漲,但威爾遜認為,由于美聯(lián)儲加息導致經(jīng)濟增長放緩、財政支持減弱以及利潤下滑,市場正走向災難。他對投資者表示:“市場大幅調(diào)整的風險極高,而且如此高的風險很少見。”
即使在今年,威爾遜仍然看跌美股。這位首席投資官在1月表示,經(jīng)濟要大幅增長,才能讓股市維持良好的勢頭。他說道:“這表明,在結(jié)果更加明確之前,股市將在一個交易區(qū)間內(nèi)波動。”
結(jié)果證明,他的這些預測不太準確。2023年1月到2024年5月期間,標普500指數(shù)非但沒有像威爾遜預測的那樣下跌,反而飆升了38%以上,創(chuàng)下了5,300 點以上的歷史新高。
現(xiàn)在,鑒于經(jīng)濟的不確定性,摩根士丹利的頂級投資者至少在一定程度上收回了他之前看跌美股的一些觀點。威爾遜在周日的客戶報告中寫道:“簡而言之,隨著數(shù)據(jù)越來越不穩(wěn)定,宏觀結(jié)果變得越來越難以預測。我們認為這種環(huán)境將持續(xù)下去。”
自從美聯(lián)儲于2022年3月開始加息以對抗通脹以來,關于美國經(jīng)濟的前景一直存在激烈的爭論。一時間,大多數(shù)經(jīng)濟學家和華爾街策略師都認為,借款成本上升和持續(xù)高漲的通貨膨脹最終會讓經(jīng)濟陷入停滯,導致 “硬著陸”(又稱經(jīng)濟衰退)。但在整個2023 年,隨著美國經(jīng)濟證明了其對更高利率和物價上漲的承受力,越來越多的專家開始相信,美國經(jīng)濟更有可能走向“軟著陸” ——即通脹下降但不出現(xiàn)扼殺就業(yè)的經(jīng)濟衰退。強勁的消費支出、勞動力市場和企業(yè)盈利數(shù)據(jù)甚至讓許多預測者在今年早些時候相信,美國經(jīng)濟可能會出現(xiàn)“不著陸 ”情景,這種情景的特征是更高的經(jīng)濟增長和更加持續(xù)高漲的通脹。
在上周日的客戶報告中,威爾遜描述了在過去幾年中,對美國經(jīng)濟的共識前景是如何因數(shù)據(jù)的波動而在這三種情景之間“徘徊 ”,過去幾個月“跌宕起伏”的通脹數(shù)據(jù)就是這種動態(tài)的“縮影”。
由于宏觀經(jīng)濟的不確定性,這位資深首席投資官在上周末發(fā)布了一系列美國市場的潛在結(jié)果,包括高度樂觀的牛市和極度悲觀的熊市。
他寫道:“我們認為,提出比通常情況下更廣泛的看漲和看跌價格目標是有道理的。此外,我們認為出現(xiàn)尾部結(jié)果的概率比正常情況下更高,而我們的基本情況則不太確定。”
威爾遜認為市場可能出現(xiàn)的結(jié)果范圍更廣,這種觀點有歷史為證。歷史上,降息周期(例如摩根士丹利的經(jīng)濟學家們預測將于今年晚些時候開始的降息周期)開始時的市場回報率各不相同。有時,美聯(lián)儲開始降息時,市場一片繁榮;有時候卻只有壞消息。
威爾遜寫道:“在許多方面,這份分析很好地概括了我們對前景的展望 —— 在平均/基線情景下平衡的風險/回報系數(shù),但有各種情景可能會發(fā)生。請再次做好準備,迎接情緒、倉位和價格方面的顯著波動。”
雖然威爾遜現(xiàn)在對標普500指數(shù)的基準情景預測是5,400點,但如果經(jīng)濟衰退來臨,他認為該藍籌股指數(shù)將跌至4,200點,這意味著下挫約20%。在這種情景下,企業(yè)盈利和股市估值將大幅下挫。
但威爾遜認為,如果美國避免經(jīng)濟衰退,且聯(lián)邦政府繼續(xù)向經(jīng)濟注入資金,推動企業(yè)盈利增長和估值上漲,則標普500指數(shù)在未來12個月內(nèi)可能會飆升約20%,達到6,350點。
他解釋說:“這是我們所經(jīng)歷的多次擴張和盈利反彈的延續(xù)。這種情景的挑戰(zhàn)在于,通脹可能再次失控,迫使美聯(lián)儲加息,但即使面對不穩(wěn)定的通脹數(shù)據(jù),美聯(lián)儲近期也傾向于降息而非加息。有鑒于此,美聯(lián)儲可能已經(jīng)不再那么專注于2%的通脹目標。”
但估值終將“正常化”
威爾遜預測美國股市的基準情景現(xiàn)在更加樂觀,他甚至認為,如果政府繼續(xù)財政支出且美國避免經(jīng)濟衰退,美股市場可能會出現(xiàn)“樂觀的”看漲情景。但最終,估值還是要回落到正常水平。威爾遜認為,這意味著股市投資者應保持謹慎,堅持購買優(yōu)質(zhì)股票。
他寫道:“很難準確預測估值何時會正常化,但我們?nèi)匀幌嘈殴乐底罱K是很重要的,我們并沒有進入一個永久支持更高[市盈率]的新范式。”
威爾遜指出,標普500指數(shù)目前的市盈率約為25倍,而歷史平均市盈率僅為18倍。威爾遜和他的分析師團隊認為,在這種環(huán)境下,投資者應該關注優(yōu)質(zhì)股票,即資產(chǎn)負債表強勁、現(xiàn)金流充沛、債務水平較低和商業(yè)模式成熟的公司。因為一旦經(jīng)濟衰退來臨,許多投資者青睞的高風險、高增長的人工智能股票很可能會陷入困境。
不過,威爾遜還是以謙遜的口吻結(jié)束了他的報告,并警告說這是一個市場充滿不確定性的時代。他寫道:“實話實說,在過去一年里,我們預測[標普500指數(shù)市盈率]的能力一直很差,雖然我們確信估值過高,但我們對預測市場正常化的確切時間或程度的能力信心不足。這增加了我們對股價前景預測的不確定性。”(財富中文網(wǎng))
翻譯:劉進龍
審校:汪皓
華爾街最大的“空頭”放棄了等待冬天到來。
摩根士丹利(Morgan Stanley)首席投資官兼首席美國股票策略師邁克·威爾遜曾預測美股將在一年多內(nèi)迎來大幅回調(diào),但他在近日的一份報告中改變了看法,稱他現(xiàn)在預計標普500指數(shù)在未來12個月內(nèi)將上漲1.5%,達到5,400點。
股市在12月內(nèi)上漲1.5%聽起來并不是太樂觀的預測,因為標普500指數(shù)在過去100年中的年均回報率約為10%,但這表明威爾遜的立場發(fā)生了重大轉(zhuǎn)變。這位資深策略師曾預測該藍籌股指數(shù)在未來12個月內(nèi)將下挫15%,跌至4,500點,而且他在一段時間以來一直看跌美股。
威爾遜對市場前景看法的轉(zhuǎn)變,與摩根士丹利首席經(jīng)濟學家艾倫·增特納的經(jīng)濟預測一致。增特納在2月上調(diào)了對美國GDP增長的預期,并預測通脹逐漸降溫,且今年會有三次降息,這應該可以緩解當前企業(yè)盈利方面所面臨的壓力。
2022年,威爾遜曾預測,由于“冰火兩重天”(加息和經(jīng)濟增長放緩)的影響,當年股市將會暴跌,這個非常有先見之明的預測讓他獲得了華爾街頂級策略師的稱號。但在過去一年半的時間里,他的悲觀態(tài)度導致了一些預測失誤。
2023年1月,他警告稱,看漲的投資者買入股票會掉入熊市陷阱,他還指出他的盈利模型顯示企業(yè)利潤率受到“侵蝕”。他當時寫道:“熊市的最后階段總是最令人難以捉摸,我們一直高度警惕這種虛張聲勢的假動作。可以說,我們之所以沒有抓住最近的這波反彈,是因為我們的工作和流程都有令人信服的理由看跌收益。”
六個月后,盡管美股持續(xù)大漲,但威爾遜認為,由于美聯(lián)儲加息導致經(jīng)濟增長放緩、財政支持減弱以及利潤下滑,市場正走向災難。他對投資者表示:“市場大幅調(diào)整的風險極高,而且如此高的風險很少見。”
即使在今年,威爾遜仍然看跌美股。這位首席投資官在1月表示,經(jīng)濟要大幅增長,才能讓股市維持良好的勢頭。他說道:“這表明,在結(jié)果更加明確之前,股市將在一個交易區(qū)間內(nèi)波動。”
結(jié)果證明,他的這些預測不太準確。2023年1月到2024年5月期間,標普500指數(shù)非但沒有像威爾遜預測的那樣下跌,反而飆升了38%以上,創(chuàng)下了5,300 點以上的歷史新高。
現(xiàn)在,鑒于經(jīng)濟的不確定性,摩根士丹利的頂級投資者至少在一定程度上收回了他之前看跌美股的一些觀點。威爾遜在周日的客戶報告中寫道:“簡而言之,隨著數(shù)據(jù)越來越不穩(wěn)定,宏觀結(jié)果變得越來越難以預測。我們認為這種環(huán)境將持續(xù)下去。”
自從美聯(lián)儲于2022年3月開始加息以對抗通脹以來,關于美國經(jīng)濟的前景一直存在激烈的爭論。一時間,大多數(shù)經(jīng)濟學家和華爾街策略師都認為,借款成本上升和持續(xù)高漲的通貨膨脹最終會讓經(jīng)濟陷入停滯,導致 “硬著陸”(又稱經(jīng)濟衰退)。但在整個2023 年,隨著美國經(jīng)濟證明了其對更高利率和物價上漲的承受力,越來越多的專家開始相信,美國經(jīng)濟更有可能走向“軟著陸” ——即通脹下降但不出現(xiàn)扼殺就業(yè)的經(jīng)濟衰退。強勁的消費支出、勞動力市場和企業(yè)盈利數(shù)據(jù)甚至讓許多預測者在今年早些時候相信,美國經(jīng)濟可能會出現(xiàn)“不著陸 ”情景,這種情景的特征是更高的經(jīng)濟增長和更加持續(xù)高漲的通脹。
在上周日的客戶報告中,威爾遜描述了在過去幾年中,對美國經(jīng)濟的共識前景是如何因數(shù)據(jù)的波動而在這三種情景之間“徘徊 ”,過去幾個月“跌宕起伏”的通脹數(shù)據(jù)就是這種動態(tài)的“縮影”。
由于宏觀經(jīng)濟的不確定性,這位資深首席投資官在上周末發(fā)布了一系列美國市場的潛在結(jié)果,包括高度樂觀的牛市和極度悲觀的熊市。
他寫道:“我們認為,提出比通常情況下更廣泛的看漲和看跌價格目標是有道理的。此外,我們認為出現(xiàn)尾部結(jié)果的概率比正常情況下更高,而我們的基本情況則不太確定。”
威爾遜認為市場可能出現(xiàn)的結(jié)果范圍更廣,這種觀點有歷史為證。歷史上,降息周期(例如摩根士丹利的經(jīng)濟學家們預測將于今年晚些時候開始的降息周期)開始時的市場回報率各不相同。有時,美聯(lián)儲開始降息時,市場一片繁榮;有時候卻只有壞消息。
威爾遜寫道:“在許多方面,這份分析很好地概括了我們對前景的展望 —— 在平均/基線情景下平衡的風險/回報系數(shù),但有各種情景可能會發(fā)生。請再次做好準備,迎接情緒、倉位和價格方面的顯著波動。”
雖然威爾遜現(xiàn)在對標普500指數(shù)的基準情景預測是5,400點,但如果經(jīng)濟衰退來臨,他認為該藍籌股指數(shù)將跌至4,200點,這意味著下挫約20%。在這種情景下,企業(yè)盈利和股市估值將大幅下挫。
但威爾遜認為,如果美國避免經(jīng)濟衰退,且聯(lián)邦政府繼續(xù)向經(jīng)濟注入資金,推動企業(yè)盈利增長和估值上漲,則標普500指數(shù)在未來12個月內(nèi)可能會飆升約20%,達到6,350點。
他解釋說:“這是我們所經(jīng)歷的多次擴張和盈利反彈的延續(xù)。這種情景的挑戰(zhàn)在于,通脹可能再次失控,迫使美聯(lián)儲加息,但即使面對不穩(wěn)定的通脹數(shù)據(jù),美聯(lián)儲近期也傾向于降息而非加息。有鑒于此,美聯(lián)儲可能已經(jīng)不再那么專注于2%的通脹目標。”
但估值終將“正常化”
威爾遜預測美國股市的基準情景現(xiàn)在更加樂觀,他甚至認為,如果政府繼續(xù)財政支出且美國避免經(jīng)濟衰退,美股市場可能會出現(xiàn)“樂觀的”看漲情景。但最終,估值還是要回落到正常水平。威爾遜認為,這意味著股市投資者應保持謹慎,堅持購買優(yōu)質(zhì)股票。
他寫道:“很難準確預測估值何時會正常化,但我們?nèi)匀幌嘈殴乐底罱K是很重要的,我們并沒有進入一個永久支持更高[市盈率]的新范式。”
威爾遜指出,標普500指數(shù)目前的市盈率約為25倍,而歷史平均市盈率僅為18倍。威爾遜和他的分析師團隊認為,在這種環(huán)境下,投資者應該關注優(yōu)質(zhì)股票,即資產(chǎn)負債表強勁、現(xiàn)金流充沛、債務水平較低和商業(yè)模式成熟的公司。因為一旦經(jīng)濟衰退來臨,許多投資者青睞的高風險、高增長的人工智能股票很可能會陷入困境。
不過,威爾遜還是以謙遜的口吻結(jié)束了他的報告,并警告說這是一個市場充滿不確定性的時代。他寫道:“實話實說,在過去一年里,我們預測[標普500指數(shù)市盈率]的能力一直很差,雖然我們確信估值過高,但我們對預測市場正常化的確切時間或程度的能力信心不足。這增加了我們對股價前景預測的不確定性。”(財富中文網(wǎng))
翻譯:劉進龍
審校:汪皓
Wall Street’s biggest bear just gave up on waiting for winter.
After predicting a serious stock market correction for over a year, Morgan Stanley’s chief investment officer and chief U.S. equity strategist Mike Wilson changed his tune in a Sunday note, saying he now expects the S&P 500 to rise 1.5% to 5,400 over the next 12 months.
A 1.5% rise in stocks over a 12-month period may not sound like a bullish take, given the roughly 10% average annual return of the S&P 500 over the past 100 years, but it’s a big change of heart for Wilson. The veteran strategist previously expected the blue-chip index to sink 15% to 4,500 over the next 12 months—and he’s been bearish for some time.
This new shift aligns Wilson’s market outlook with the economic forecasts of Morgan Stanley’s chief U.S. economist Ellen Zentner, who raised her GDP growth projections in February and is expecting fading inflation as well as three interest rate cuts this year, which should relieve some of the current pressure on corporate earnings.
As for Wilson, he earned the nod as Wall Street’s top strategist in 2022 for his prescient prediction that stocks would tumble that year due to a combination of “fire and ice” (also known as rising interest rates and fading economic growth). But his pessimistic disposition has led to some misfired forecasts over the past year and a half.
In January 2023, he warned that bullish investors were falling into a bear market trap by buying stocks, noting that his earnings models showed “erosion” in corporate profit margins. “The final stages of the bear market are always the trickiest, and we have been on high alert for such head fakes,” he wrote at the time. “Suffice it to say, we’re not biting on this recent rally because our work and process are so convincingly bearish on earnings.”
Six months later, despite an ongoing surge in U.S. stocks, Wilson argued that markets were headed for disaster due to the Fed’s economy-slowing rate hikes, fading fiscal support, and a profit slowdown. “Risks for a major correction have rarely been higher,” he told investors.
Even this year, Wilson has remained bearish on U.S. markets. Economic growth would need to surge for stocks to continue their run of good form, the CIO argued in January, saying that “this suggests a trading range until the outcome is more definitive.”
All of that turned out to be, well, a bit off base. Between Jan. 2023 and May 2024, instead of dropping like Wilson predicted, the S&P 500 surged more than 38%, hitting a record high above 5,300.
Now Morgan Stanley’s top investor is walking back some of his bearish market calls, at least partly, and it’s due to economic uncertainty. “In short, macro outcomes have become increasingly hard to predict as data have become more volatile,” Wilson wrote in his Sunday note to clients. “We see this environment persisting.”
There’s been a fierce debate over the outlook for the U.S. economy ever since the Federal Reserve began raising interest rates to fight inflation in March 2022. For a time, most economists and Wall Street strategists believed rising borrowing costs and stubborn inflation would ultimately slow the economy to a standstill, leading to a “hard landing” (a.k.a. a recession). But throughout 2023, with the economy proving its resilience to higher interest rates and rising prices, an increasing number of experts became convinced that a “soft landing”—where inflation fades without a job-killing recession—was the more likely path for the U.S. Strong consumer spending, labor market, and corporate earnings data even convinced many forecasters earlier this year that a “no landing” scenario that features higher economic growth and more stubborn inflation is now likely.
Wilson described how the consensus outlook for the U.S. economy has “bounced” between these three scenarios over the past few years due to volatile data releases in his Sunday note to clients, with the last few months of “bumpy” inflation data serving as a “microcosm” of this dynamic.
As a result of this macroeconomic uncertainty, the veteran CIO released a wide range of potential outcomes for U.S. markets over the weekend, including a seriously optimistic bull case and a direly pessimistic bear case.
“We think it makes sense to present a wider range of bull and bear case price targets than usual. Furthermore, we think the probability of the tail outcomes is higher than normal as well, while our base case is less certain,” he wrote.
Wilson’s wider range of potential outcomes for markets is backed up by history. Market returns at the start of interest rate cutting cycles—like the one Morgan Stanley’s economists are predicting will begin later this year—have been all over the place historically. Sometimes markets boom when the Fed begins to cut; other times it’s nothing but bad news.
“In many ways, this analysis encapsulates our outlook well—a balanced risk/reward profile in the average/baseline view, but the potential for a wide array of scenarios to play out,” Wilson wrote. “Once again, get ready for some notable swings in sentiment, positioning and prices.”
While Wilson’s base case outlook for the S&P 500 is now 5,400, if a recession hits, he sees the blue-chip index falling to 4,200, which represents a roughly 20% downside. Corporate earnings and stock market valuations would sink dramatically in this scenario.
However, if the U.S. avoids a recession and the federal government continues to pump money into the economy, driving corporate earnings growth and boosting valuations, then the S&P 500 could surge roughly 20% to 6,350 over the next 12 months, according to Wilson.
“It’s a continuation of the multiple expansion and earnings recovery we have been experiencing,” he explained. “The challenge with this scenario is that inflation may get out of control again and force the Fed to hike, but given its recent predisposition to cut rather than hike even in the face of bumpy inflation data, it appears the Fed may already not be as focused on its 2% target.”
But valuations will ‘normalize’—eventually
Wilson’s base case for U.S. stocks is now far more bullish, and he even argues there could be a “Goldilocks” bull-case scenario for markets if fiscal spending continues and the U.S. avoids a recession. But eventually, valuations will have to come back to Earth. And that means stock market investors should remain cautious and stick with high-quality names, according to the CIO.
“It’s very hard to predict exactly when valuations will normalize, but we remain confident that valuation matters in the end and that we are not in a new paradigm that justifies permanently higher [price-to-earnings ratios],” he wrote.
To Wilson’s point, the S&P 500 currently trades at roughly 25 times earnings, compared to the historical average of just 18 times earnings. Wilson and his team of analysts argued that investors should look to quality stocks—companies with strong balance sheets, cash flows, lower debt levels, and proven business models—in this environment. Because if a recession does hit, the risky, high-flying AI stocks that many investors have fallen for will likely struggle.
Still, Wilson capped off his note with a bit of humility—and a warning that this is an era of uncertainty for markets. “Truth be told, our ability to forecast the [S&P 500’s price-to-earnings ratio] over the last year has been poor and while we are confident valuations are too high, we have little confidence in our ability to predict the exact timing or magnitude of this normalization,” he wrote. “This adds to the higher than normal uncertainty in our outlook for equity prices.”