近年來,美國房地產市場一直受到供應不足的影響,而日本的情況卻恰恰相反,人口減少導致空置房屋數量飆升。
根據日本總務省(Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications)在今年4月30日公布的數據,該國的空置房屋已經達到899萬套。這一數字比2018年的上一次調查增加了50萬,比20年前激增了80%。
這也意味著日本目前有創紀錄的13.8%的房屋空置,在一些人口下降較快的農村地區,這一比例超過了20%。
這一數字包括第二套住房和因為居民在其他地方臨時工作等原因而空置的住房。但廢棄房屋的數量也在躍升,比2018年的調查增加了36萬套,達到目前的385萬套,占所有房屋的5.9%。
無獨有偶,美國人口調查局(U.S. Census Bureau)也在4月30日發布了類似的數據,報告稱第一季度租賃住房的空置率為6.6%,自有住房的空置率為0.8%。這些數據與一年前相比變化甚微。
日本的空置率與野村綜合研究所(Nomura Research Institute)早些時候的一份報告一致,該研究所曾經在2017年預測,如果不采取任何措施,到2033年日本房屋空置率可能就會超過30.4%。
該機構警告稱:“三分之一的房屋空置意味著,平均每戶人家隔壁都有一棟房屋空置。”
想象一下,一排三棟房子,中間一棟空置,這意味著另外兩棟有人居住的房屋挨著一棟空置房屋。
野村綜合研究所補充道:“無人居住的房屋會成為垃圾堆放點,容易倒塌,并吸引可疑人員。從安全和防災的角度來看,30%的房屋空置肯定是不可取的。”
野村綜合研究所指出,最佳解決辦法是增加日本人口,或者至少阻止人口減少,但該研究所也承認這很困難,需要很長時間才能夠實現目標。日本人口多年來一直在下降,2022年的最新統計顯示,日本人口比上一年減少了80多萬,降至1.254億。與此同時,出生率創歷史新低,兒童數量已經連續43年下降。
其他方案包括拆除空置房屋、限制新建房屋,以及將其改建為非住宅物業。日本政府曾經試圖通過允許地方政府在房屋沒有得到改善的情況下拆除面臨倒塌風險的房屋,或者向管理不善的業主發出警告來解決這一問題。但據《日本經濟新聞》(Nikkei)報道,這些努力收效甚微。
專家告訴美國有線電視新聞網(CNN),稅收政策也讓一些房屋空置比拆除更為劃算,而其他房產則因為記錄混亂導致所有權不明而陷入繁瑣程序。
許多外國人認為日本的房地產市場上有特價房,但高昂的翻新成本和語言障礙可能會阻礙許多房屋以這種方式出售。
位于日本千葉的神田外語大學(Kanda University of International Studies)的講師杰弗里·霍爾對美國有線電視新聞網表示:“事實上,這些房屋大多不會出售給外國人,或者說,對于那些不會說日語、也無法讀懂日語的人而言,完成大量的行政工作和理解背后的規則并不容易。他們不可能以低價買入這些房屋。”(財富中文網)
譯者:中慧言-王芳
近年來,美國房地產市場一直受到供應不足的影響,而日本的情況卻恰恰相反,人口減少導致空置房屋數量飆升。
根據日本總務省(Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications)在今年4月30日公布的數據,該國的空置房屋已經達到899萬套。這一數字比2018年的上一次調查增加了50萬,比20年前激增了80%。
這也意味著日本目前有創紀錄的13.8%的房屋空置,在一些人口下降較快的農村地區,這一比例超過了20%。
這一數字包括第二套住房和因為居民在其他地方臨時工作等原因而空置的住房。但廢棄房屋的數量也在躍升,比2018年的調查增加了36萬套,達到目前的385萬套,占所有房屋的5.9%。
無獨有偶,美國人口調查局(U.S. Census Bureau)也在4月30日發布了類似的數據,報告稱第一季度租賃住房的空置率為6.6%,自有住房的空置率為0.8%。這些數據與一年前相比變化甚微。
日本的空置率與野村綜合研究所(Nomura Research Institute)早些時候的一份報告一致,該研究所曾經在2017年預測,如果不采取任何措施,到2033年日本房屋空置率可能就會超過30.4%。
該機構警告稱:“三分之一的房屋空置意味著,平均每戶人家隔壁都有一棟房屋空置。”
想象一下,一排三棟房子,中間一棟空置,這意味著另外兩棟有人居住的房屋挨著一棟空置房屋。
野村綜合研究所補充道:“無人居住的房屋會成為垃圾堆放點,容易倒塌,并吸引可疑人員。從安全和防災的角度來看,30%的房屋空置肯定是不可取的。”
野村綜合研究所指出,最佳解決辦法是增加日本人口,或者至少阻止人口減少,但該研究所也承認這很困難,需要很長時間才能夠實現目標。日本人口多年來一直在下降,2022年的最新統計顯示,日本人口比上一年減少了80多萬,降至1.254億。與此同時,出生率創歷史新低,兒童數量已經連續43年下降。
其他方案包括拆除空置房屋、限制新建房屋,以及將其改建為非住宅物業。日本政府曾經試圖通過允許地方政府在房屋沒有得到改善的情況下拆除面臨倒塌風險的房屋,或者向管理不善的業主發出警告來解決這一問題。但據《日本經濟新聞》(Nikkei)報道,這些努力收效甚微。
專家告訴美國有線電視新聞網(CNN),稅收政策也讓一些房屋空置比拆除更為劃算,而其他房產則因為記錄混亂導致所有權不明而陷入繁瑣程序。
許多外國人認為日本的房地產市場上有特價房,但高昂的翻新成本和語言障礙可能會阻礙許多房屋以這種方式出售。
位于日本千葉的神田外語大學(Kanda University of International Studies)的講師杰弗里·霍爾對美國有線電視新聞網表示:“事實上,這些房屋大多不會出售給外國人,或者說,對于那些不會說日語、也無法讀懂日語的人而言,完成大量的行政工作和理解背后的規則并不容易。他們不可能以低價買入這些房屋。”(財富中文網)
譯者:中慧言-王芳
While the U.S. housing market has suffered from a lack of supply in recent years, the opposite is the case in Japan, where a shrinking population has sent the number of empty homes soaring.
Vacancies in that country have hit 8.99 million, according to data released by the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications on April 30. That’s an increase of 500,0000 from the prior survey in 2018 and an 80% surge from 20 years ago.
It also means a record 13.8% of homes in Japan are now vacant, with the share topping 20% in some rural areas where populations are falling faster.
That number includes second homes and others that are vacant for reasons that include the resident working temporarily elsewhere. But the number of abandoned homes also jumped, rising by 360,000 from the 2018 survey to 3.85 million today, or 5.9% of all homes.
Coincidentally, the U.S. Census Bureau also released similar data on April 30, and it reported that vacancy rates in the first quarter were 6.6% for rental housing and 0.8% for homeowner housing. Those were little changed from a year ago.
The vacancy rates from Japan are in line with an earlier report from the Nomura Research Institute, which predicted in 2017 that the vacancy rate could exceed 30.4% by 2033 if nothing is done about it.
“Having a third of houses vacant means that on average, each home would have a vacant house next door,” it warned.
So imagine three houses in a row with a vacant one in the middle, meaning the other two that are occupied are next to an empty house.
“Unoccupied houses become sites for trash dumping, are susceptible to collapse, and attract suspicious persons,” Nomura added. “Having 30% of houses vacant is certainly not desirable from the perspective of safety and disaster prevention.”
The best solution would be to increase Japan’s population or at least halt its decline, it said, while acknowledging that would be difficult and take a long time. The population has been in decline for years, and the most recent count in 2022 showed it shrank by more than 800,000 from the prior year to 125.4 million. Meanwhile, the birth rate has hit record lows, and the number of children has fallen for 43 consecutive years.
Other options include removing vacant homes, limiting the construction of new ones, and converting them to non-residential properties. The government has tried to tackle the problem by allowing local authorities to demolish homes at risk of collapse if improvements aren’t made or issue warnings to owners of mismanaged properties. But those efforts have seen limited success, according to?Nikkei.
Tax policies also make it cheaper to keep some homes empty than to demolish them, and other properties are stuck in red tape when record-keeping snafus obscure ownership, experts told CNN.
Many foreigners see bargains to be had in Japan’s housing market, but the high costs of renovation and language barriers will likely prevent many from being sold that way.
“The truth is most of these homes are not going to be sold to foreigners, or that the amount of administrative work and the rules behind it [are] not something easy for somebody who doesn’t speak Japanese and read Japanese very well,” Jeffrey Hall, a lecturer at Kanda University of International Studies in Chiba, told CNN. “They’re not going to be able to get these houses for cheap.”