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房貸利率不斷上漲,美國人購房成本創歷史新高

ALENA BOTROS
2024-04-22

美國人購買住房壓力很大。

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圖片來源:GETTY IMAGES

上周,30年期固定抵押貸款平均利率達到7.50%,為全年最高。Redfin的數據記者丹娜·安德森在一份最新的房地產市場報告中寫道,這是因為“通脹報告的熱度高于預期,而且美聯儲確認將推遲降息”。

不僅僅是抵押貸款利率在上漲,房價也在上漲。在截至4月14日的四周內,房屋銷售價格中位數較去年同期上漲5%,至380250美元。根據Redfin的數據,這比2022年6月房地產市場熱潮期間達到的歷史最高值要低,但僅低了3095美元。

安德森寫道:“高抵押貸款利率和高房價的結合,使購房者的月供中位數達到創紀錄的2775美元,同比增長11%。”

數據顯示,現房銷售環比下降4.3%,同比下降3.7%。美國房地產經紀人協會(NAR)首席經濟學家勞倫斯·云在發布所附的聲明中稱:“房屋銷售停滯不前,因為利率沒有任何重大變動。”

情況似乎不會更糟了。在過去的四年里,房價已經上漲了50%以上;美國人購買首套住房所需的年薪自疫情爆發以來幾乎翻了一番,達到每年近7.6萬美元;普通家庭的收入比購買中等價位房屋所需的收入少近3萬美元;在未來幾年里,租房將比買房更劃算(別被蒙蔽了,租金仍然很高)。

目前尚不清楚抵押貸款利率何時或是否會下降,但可能永遠不會降至疫情期間的歷史低點。去年年底,部分人士預測,抵押貸款利率將在今年年底低于去年,而且一度有人預計今年將進行三次降息,但現在看來這似乎已不太可能實現了。最近,美聯儲主席杰羅姆·鮑威爾親口承認,不會在短期內降息。鮑威爾說:“目前,鑒于強勁的勞動力市場和迄今為止在通脹方面取得的進展,給緊縮政策更多時間發揮作用是合乎情理的?!?/p>

有時,這似乎是一個永無止境的循環。當抵押貸款利率相對于數年前處于高位時,人們就會停止出售房屋。沒有人愿意放棄3%的抵押貸款利率,更不必提及如今7%的抵押貸款利率了;這就是去年成屋銷售降至近30年來最低點的原因。但是,當人們停止出售房屋時,供應就會減少,再加上我們現有的住房危機,供應量確實不足以滿足需求(而且,正在建造的房屋數量仍在減少)。因此,這就變成了供需動態問題;供不應求會推高房價,加重人們的負擔。Redfin的數據顯示,目前的供應量已超過三個月;而在一個健康的房地產市場中,四到五個月的供應量才是正常的。

根據Redfin的數據,在人口最多的50個大都市區中,只有一個地區的房屋銷售價格中位數出現下降。這是在圣安東尼奧,而且還只是下降了1%。然而,阿納海姆這個大都市區的房價中位數上漲了近25%。

一些人預計房價將繼續上漲,盡管漲幅不一。Zillow預計今年房價漲幅將低于2%,但凱投宏觀(Capital Economics)預計今年房價將上漲5%。這些都不能解釋保險業面臨的困境。保險是房地產市場中的一匹黑馬,似乎越來越成問題,尤其是在加利福尼亞州和佛羅里達州。

也許關鍵的小陽春,或僅僅是今年情況的迷你版,即將提前結束,又或者,房地產市場并沒有真正意義上解凍。(財富中文網)

譯者:中慧言-王芳

上周,30年期固定抵押貸款平均利率達到7.50%,為全年最高。Redfin的數據記者丹娜·安德森在一份最新的房地產市場報告中寫道,這是因為“通脹報告的熱度高于預期,而且美聯儲確認將推遲降息”。

不僅僅是抵押貸款利率在上漲,房價也在上漲。在截至4月14日的四周內,房屋銷售價格中位數較去年同期上漲5%,至380250美元。根據Redfin的數據,這比2022年6月房地產市場熱潮期間達到的歷史最高值要低,但僅低了3095美元。

安德森寫道:“高抵押貸款利率和高房價的結合,使購房者的月供中位數達到創紀錄的2775美元,同比增長11%。”

數據顯示,現房銷售環比下降4.3%,同比下降3.7%。美國房地產經紀人協會(NAR)首席經濟學家勞倫斯·云在發布所附的聲明中稱:“房屋銷售停滯不前,因為利率沒有任何重大變動。”

情況似乎不會更糟了。在過去的四年里,房價已經上漲了50%以上;美國人購買首套住房所需的年薪自疫情爆發以來幾乎翻了一番,達到每年近7.6萬美元;普通家庭的收入比購買中等價位房屋所需的收入少近3萬美元;在未來幾年里,租房將比買房更劃算(別被蒙蔽了,租金仍然很高)。

目前尚不清楚抵押貸款利率何時或是否會下降,但可能永遠不會降至疫情期間的歷史低點。去年年底,部分人士預測,抵押貸款利率將在今年年底低于去年,而且一度有人預計今年將進行三次降息,但現在看來這似乎已不太可能實現了。最近,美聯儲主席杰羅姆·鮑威爾親口承認,不會在短期內降息。鮑威爾說:“目前,鑒于強勁的勞動力市場和迄今為止在通脹方面取得的進展,給緊縮政策更多時間發揮作用是合乎情理的?!?/p>

有時,這似乎是一個永無止境的循環。當抵押貸款利率相對于數年前處于高位時,人們就會停止出售房屋。沒有人愿意放棄3%的抵押貸款利率,更不必提及如今7%的抵押貸款利率了;這就是去年成屋銷售降至近30年來最低點的原因。但是,當人們停止出售房屋時,供應就會減少,再加上我們現有的住房危機,供應量確實不足以滿足需求(而且,正在建造的房屋數量仍在減少)。因此,這就變成了供需動態問題;供不應求會推高房價,加重人們的負擔。Redfin的數據顯示,目前的供應量已超過三個月;而在一個健康的房地產市場中,四到五個月的供應量才是正常的。

根據Redfin的數據,在人口最多的50個大都市區中,只有一個地區的房屋銷售價格中位數出現下降。這是在圣安東尼奧,而且還只是下降了1%。然而,阿納海姆這個大都市區的房價中位數上漲了近25%。

一些人預計房價將繼續上漲,盡管漲幅不一。Zillow預計今年房價漲幅將低于2%,但凱投宏觀(Capital Economics)預計今年房價將上漲5%。這些都不能解釋保險業面臨的困境。保險是房地產市場中的一匹黑馬,似乎越來越成問題,尤其是在加利福尼亞州和佛羅里達州。

也許關鍵的小陽春,或僅僅是今年情況的迷你版,即將提前結束,又或者,房地產市場并沒有真正意義上解凍。(財富中文網)

譯者:中慧言-王芳

The average 30-year fixed mortgage rate reached 7.50% this week, the highest all year. It’s because of a “hotter-than-expected inflation report and the Fed’s confirmation that interest rate cuts will be delayed,” Redfin’s data journalist, Dana Anderson, wrote today in a housing market update.

But it’s not only mortgage rates; home prices are rising too. The median home sale price rose 5% over the last year in the four weeks ending April 14, to $380,250. It’s lower than the all-time high reached in June 2022 during the pandemic housing boom, but only by $3,095, according to Redfin.

“The combination of high mortgage rates and prices have brought homebuyers’ median monthly housing payment to a record $2,775, up 11% year over year,” Anderson wrote.

Data released today shows that existing home sales dipped 4.3% from a month earlier and 3.7% from a year earlier. “Home sales are stuck because interest rates have not made any major moves,” NAR’s Chief Economist Lawrence Yun said in a statement accompanying the release.

Things didn’t seem like they could get much worse. Already, home prices swelled more than 50% in a matter of four years; the salary Americans need to afford a starter home has nearly doubled since the start of the pandemic to almost $76,000 a year; the typical household makes almost $30,000 less than what’s needed to buy a median-priced home; and renting will be cheaper than buying for years (and don’t be fooled, rents are still high).

It’s not clear when or if mortgage rates will drop, but they might never fall to the historical lows seen throughout the pandemic. Toward the end of last year, some forecasts predicted mortgage rates would end the year lower than last year, and there was at one point anticipation of three interest rate cuts this year, but that no longer seems likely. Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell said it himself earlier this week, that interest rates aren’t coming any time soon. “Right now, given the strength of the labor market and progress on inflation so far, it’s appropriate to allow restrictive policy further time to work,” Powell said.

Sometimes it can seem like a never-ending cycle. When mortgage rates are high, relative to what they were years before, people stop selling their homes. No one wants to lose a 3% mortgage rate, let alone for one that’s 7%; it’s why existing home sales fell to their lowest point in nearly three decades last year. But when people stop selling their homes, there’s less supply, and really not enough to meet demand when coupled with our existing housing crisis (and still, fewer homes are being built). So it becomes about simply supply and demand dynamics; more demand than supply pushes home prices up, worsening affordability. Redfin’s data shows there’s more than three months of supply; in a healthy housing market, four to five months of supply is the norm.

The median home sale price only declined in one of 50 of the most populous metropolitan areas, according to Redfin. That was in San Antonio, and it was still just a 1% decline. Whereas, one metropolitan area saw its median home price increase almost 25%: Anaheim.

Some expect home prices to continue rising, although it varies by how much. Zillow sees home prices increasing less than 2% this year, but Capital Economics sees them climbing 5% this year. And none of this accounts for insurance woes, the sort of dark horse in the housing market that seems to be becoming more and more of an issue, especially in California and Florida.

Maybe the pivot spring season, or simply this year’s mini version, is coming to an early end—or maybe, the housing market isn’t really thawing meaningfully.

財富中文網所刊載內容之知識產權為財富媒體知識產權有限公司及/或相關權利人專屬所有或持有。未經許可,禁止進行轉載、摘編、復制及建立鏡像等任何使用。
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