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感染新冠或流感后,多吃這七種食品可以提升免疫力

Alexa Mikhail
2024-01-18

少食多餐和保持水分攝入有助于緩解癥狀。一些食物尤其有助于消炎和緩解不適。

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喝花草茶有助于保持水分,緩解喉嚨疼痛。圖片來源:OLGA ROLENKO—GETTY IMAGES

每到新年,人們通常不只是制定新年計劃。這也是疾病高發的季節。

無論感染新冠、流感還是普通感冒,都會令人感到非常不舒服。這些疾病會引起發炎,導致喉嚨疼痛、腦霧、關節痛、頭痛和鼻塞等癥狀。你或許會變得沒有胃口或者沒有精力做飯,但少食多餐和保持水分攝入有助于緩解癥狀。一些食物尤其有助于消炎和緩解不適。

克利夫蘭醫學中心(Cleveland Clinic)的人類營養學中心(Center for Human Nutrition)的注冊營養師貝絲·切爾沃尼對《財富》雜志表示:“如果我們希望提升免疫力,或者只是想要緩解一些癥狀,食物真的具有食療的效果。”

以下是感覺不適后最適合食用的食物(不需要太多準備):

1. 湯

暖湯一碗可慰人心,而研究顯示,在生病時喝湯能夠讓你感覺更舒服。雞湯可以減少感冒和流感導致的炎癥,也是很好的蛋白質來源,能夠幫助人體保持強壯和營養充足。一項研究發現,雞湯可以緩解上呼吸道感染在喉嚨和鼻竇部位導致的癥狀。

湯中的鈉具有消炎的作用,尤其有助于緩解喉嚨疼痛。任何一種湯都能夠發揮相同的效果。如果你對更油膩或味道更重的食物沒有胃口,簡單地喝點湯就可以提供人體所需的卡路里。湯還有助于補充水分,而且湯中含有抗氧化劑。

添加洋蔥、羽衣甘藍、西蘭花和其他綠葉蔬菜,都可以豐富湯中的營養成分。甘薯、南瓜和胡蘿卜富含貝塔胡蘿卜素,也具有消炎的功效。

2. 茶

生病之后的重中之重是保持人體水分。麻省總醫院(Mass General Hospital)的兒科傳染病臨床主任萬達娜·馬德哈萬博士告訴《財富》雜志,脫水是患者尤其是兒童住院的主要原因。花草茶能夠取代果汁、蘇打水等經過高度精煉的含糖飲料,或者含咖啡因的飲料,后者實際上會導致人體脫水。

熱茶是一種天然的解充血藥,有助于緩解喉嚨疼痛。如果你大量出汗,或者感覺頭暈,你就必須大量飲水,水分攝入量要超過日常水平。在休息時身邊放一杯或一瓶茶,并不斷喝水。

可以在茶中添加一些檸檬或橘子,有助于消炎。

3. 香料

肉桂、小豆蔻、姜和姜黃等香料,都具有積極的健康效果。

家庭醫生、Unlimited Health Institute(提供虛擬就診和預約)的創始人塔米卡·亨利博士表示,姜尤其有助于緩解惡心。還記得小時候得流感的時候,被告知要喝姜汁汽水嗎?亨利稱,可以在茶、湯或米飯中添加香料。

姜黃也有助于緩解腸胃問題,例如胃痙攣和腹瀉等,切爾沃尼表示食用姜黃“實際上能夠起到一些緩解癥狀的作用”。

姜、小豆蔻和肉桂都具有消炎功效,有助于緩解喉嚨疼痛和其他上呼吸道癥狀。辣椒粉有助于打開鼻竇和消化系統(但她建議在流鼻涕時應該限制食用辣椒粉)。

4. 蜂蜜

蜂蜜可以緩解咳嗽,而且有研究顯示,蜂蜜能夠降低咳嗽的嚴重性和頻率。馬德哈萬說,可以將蜂蜜添加到茶或溫水中,或者在睡前吃一勺蜂蜜,而且對于年齡太小不適合服用止咳藥的兒童,蜂蜜是一種很好的替代選擇。但絕對不能讓不足1歲的嬰兒食用蜂蜜。

克利夫蘭醫學中心表示,產自麥盧卡樹的麥盧卡蜂蜜含有甲基乙二醛(MGO)化合物,具有強大的抗菌消炎效果。

5. 柑橘類水果

橙子、蘋果和葡萄柚等水果富含維生素C,有益于骨骼、肌肉和血液組織,而且可以提升免疫力。而且這些水果的含水量較高,因此也有助于補充水分。(橙子80%以上是水。)還有一些證據證明,維生素C有助于縮短感冒的持續時間。

如果你腸胃不適,柑橘類水果中的高酸度成分,可能令癥狀惡化。

6. 發酵食品

德國泡菜、韓國泡菜、酸奶、牛奶酒和康普茶等發酵食品中富含益生菌,能夠促進消化,可以消滅令患者感覺不適的病原體。The Vitamin Shoppe的注冊營養師布里塔尼·米歇爾斯表示,這些益生菌在消化系統中能夠分解復雜的食物,尤其有助于腸道菌群多樣化,這對于維持健康的免疫系統至關重要。

7. 冰棒或冰淇淋

保持水分尤其對兒童至關重要。馬德哈萬稱,給孩子吃冰棒或冰淇淋有助于緩解喉嚨疼痛。尤其是當兒童拒絕更多全食食品時,冰棒或冰淇淋可以發揮作用。

重要的是無需費力就能夠獲得食物和飲料的營養和緩解癥狀的效果。平時家里可以準備一些罐頭濃湯和茶,這樣當你感覺不適時,不用出門就能夠攝取這些食物。如果你特別偏愛一些讓自己感到舒服的食物,你當然也可以平時多多儲備。馬德哈萬表示,選擇在短期內對你或你的孩子最容易的方式。關鍵在于:保持水分,頻繁攝入食物,并優先考慮富含營養物質的食物。(財富中文網)

譯者:劉進龍

審校:汪皓

每到新年,人們通常不只是制定新年計劃。這也是疾病高發的季節。

無論感染新冠、流感還是普通感冒,都會令人感到非常不舒服。這些疾病會引起發炎,導致喉嚨疼痛、腦霧、關節痛、頭痛和鼻塞等癥狀。你或許會變得沒有胃口或者沒有精力做飯,但少食多餐和保持水分攝入有助于緩解癥狀。一些食物尤其有助于消炎和緩解不適。

克利夫蘭醫學中心(Cleveland Clinic)的人類營養學中心(Center for Human Nutrition)的注冊營養師貝絲·切爾沃尼對《財富》雜志表示:“如果我們希望提升免疫力,或者只是想要緩解一些癥狀,食物真的具有食療的效果。”

以下是感覺不適后最適合食用的食物(不需要太多準備):

1. 湯

暖湯一碗可慰人心,而研究顯示,在生病時喝湯能夠讓你感覺更舒服。雞湯可以減少感冒和流感導致的炎癥,也是很好的蛋白質來源,能夠幫助人體保持強壯和營養充足。一項研究發現,雞湯可以緩解上呼吸道感染在喉嚨和鼻竇部位導致的癥狀。

湯中的鈉具有消炎的作用,尤其有助于緩解喉嚨疼痛。任何一種湯都能夠發揮相同的效果。如果你對更油膩或味道更重的食物沒有胃口,簡單地喝點湯就可以提供人體所需的卡路里。湯還有助于補充水分,而且湯中含有抗氧化劑。

添加洋蔥、羽衣甘藍、西蘭花和其他綠葉蔬菜,都可以豐富湯中的營養成分。甘薯、南瓜和胡蘿卜富含貝塔胡蘿卜素,也具有消炎的功效。

2. 茶

生病之后的重中之重是保持人體水分。麻省總醫院(Mass General Hospital)的兒科傳染病臨床主任萬達娜·馬德哈萬博士告訴《財富》雜志,脫水是患者尤其是兒童住院的主要原因。花草茶能夠取代果汁、蘇打水等經過高度精煉的含糖飲料,或者含咖啡因的飲料,后者實際上會導致人體脫水。

熱茶是一種天然的解充血藥,有助于緩解喉嚨疼痛。如果你大量出汗,或者感覺頭暈,你就必須大量飲水,水分攝入量要超過日常水平。在休息時身邊放一杯或一瓶茶,并不斷喝水。

可以在茶中添加一些檸檬或橘子,有助于消炎。

3. 香料

肉桂、小豆蔻、姜和姜黃等香料,都具有積極的健康效果。

家庭醫生、Unlimited Health Institute(提供虛擬就診和預約)的創始人塔米卡·亨利博士表示,姜尤其有助于緩解惡心。還記得小時候得流感的時候,被告知要喝姜汁汽水嗎?亨利稱,可以在茶、湯或米飯中添加香料。

姜黃也有助于緩解腸胃問題,例如胃痙攣和腹瀉等,切爾沃尼表示食用姜黃“實際上能夠起到一些緩解癥狀的作用”。

姜、小豆蔻和肉桂都具有消炎功效,有助于緩解喉嚨疼痛和其他上呼吸道癥狀。辣椒粉有助于打開鼻竇和消化系統(但她建議在流鼻涕時應該限制食用辣椒粉)。

4. 蜂蜜

蜂蜜可以緩解咳嗽,而且有研究顯示,蜂蜜能夠降低咳嗽的嚴重性和頻率。馬德哈萬說,可以將蜂蜜添加到茶或溫水中,或者在睡前吃一勺蜂蜜,而且對于年齡太小不適合服用止咳藥的兒童,蜂蜜是一種很好的替代選擇。但絕對不能讓不足1歲的嬰兒食用蜂蜜。

克利夫蘭醫學中心表示,產自麥盧卡樹的麥盧卡蜂蜜含有甲基乙二醛(MGO)化合物,具有強大的抗菌消炎效果。

5. 柑橘類水果

橙子、蘋果和葡萄柚等水果富含維生素C,有益于骨骼、肌肉和血液組織,而且可以提升免疫力。而且這些水果的含水量較高,因此也有助于補充水分。(橙子80%以上是水。)還有一些證據證明,維生素C有助于縮短感冒的持續時間。

如果你腸胃不適,柑橘類水果中的高酸度成分,可能令癥狀惡化。

6. 發酵食品

德國泡菜、韓國泡菜、酸奶、牛奶酒和康普茶等發酵食品中富含益生菌,能夠促進消化,可以消滅令患者感覺不適的病原體。The Vitamin Shoppe的注冊營養師布里塔尼·米歇爾斯表示,這些益生菌在消化系統中能夠分解復雜的食物,尤其有助于腸道菌群多樣化,這對于維持健康的免疫系統至關重要。

7. 冰棒或冰淇淋

保持水分尤其對兒童至關重要。馬德哈萬稱,給孩子吃冰棒或冰淇淋有助于緩解喉嚨疼痛。尤其是當兒童拒絕更多全食食品時,冰棒或冰淇淋可以發揮作用。

重要的是無需費力就能夠獲得食物和飲料的營養和緩解癥狀的效果。平時家里可以準備一些罐頭濃湯和茶,這樣當你感覺不適時,不用出門就能夠攝取這些食物。如果你特別偏愛一些讓自己感到舒服的食物,你當然也可以平時多多儲備。馬德哈萬表示,選擇在短期內對你或你的孩子最容易的方式。關鍵在于:保持水分,頻繁攝入食物,并優先考慮富含營養物質的食物。(財富中文網)

譯者:劉進龍

審校:汪皓

The New Year typically brings more than resolutions. It’s also the season of getting sick.

Being sick, whether with COVID, the flu, or the common cold, is downright uncomfortable. These illnesses cause inflammation in the body, and may lead to sore throat, brain fog, joint pain, headache, and congestion, among other symptoms. You may not have much of an appetite nor the energy to cook, but eating small, frequent meals and staying hydrated can help. Certain foods can especially help fight off the inflammation and relieve discomfort.

“Food really can be medicine, when we’re looking at how to improve immunity, or just release some of our symptoms,” Beth Czerwony, a registered dietitian with Cleveland Clinic’s Center for Human Nutrition, tells Fortune.

Here are some of the best foods to eat when you’re feeling sick (that require little prep):

1. Soup

Soup is warm and comforting, but research shows it might actually make you feel better when you’re sick. Chicken soup can help reduce inflammation from colds and flu, and is also a good source of protein—helping your body stay strong and nourished. One study found it may reduce the severity of symptoms from upper respiratory infections, which affect the throat and sinuses.

Soup is especially helpful for sore throats because of the anti-inflammatory properties of the sodium content. Any broth can do the trick. When you don’t have an appetite for something heavier or more flavorful, simply sipping on broth provides some of the calories you need. Soups can also help you stay hydrated, and are packed with antioxidants.

Adding in onions, kale, broccoli, and other leafy green vegetables to the soup will bolster the nutrient content. Sweet potato, pumpkin, and carrots are high in beta-carotene which also has anti-inflammatory properties.

2. Tea

The number one priority when you’re sick is to hydrate. Dehydration is a prime reason sick people, especially children, end up in the hospital, Dr. Vandana Madhavan, clinical director of pediatric infectious disease at Mass General Hospital tells Fortune. Herbal tea is a good alternative to highly refined sugary drinks, like juice and soda, or caffeinated drinks which can actually dehydrate the system.

Hot tea is also a natural decongestant and can help soothe a sore throat. If you’re sweating profusely or feeling light headed, you will need more liquids than you usually drink. Keep a cup or bottle next to you as you rest and consistently drink from it.

Consider adding some lemon or orange to your tea, which can help fight inflammation.

3. Spices

Spices, such as cinnamon, cardamom, ginger, and turmeric are all touted for their positive health effects.

Ginger in particular is beneficial when feeling nauseous because it can help the gut by speeding up digestion, says Dr. Tamika Henry, a family physician and founder of Unlimited Health Institute, which offers virtual consultations and appointments. Remember being told to drink ginger ale when you had the flu as a kid? Consider adding the spice to tea, soup, or rice, Henry says.

Tumeric can also help with gastrointestinal issues like stomach cramping and diarrhea, and Czerwony says “you can actually have a little bit more symptom relief” when consuming it.

Ginger, cardamom, and cinnamon also have anti-inflammatory properties that may help with a sore throat and other upper respiratory symptoms. Cayenne pepper can help open your sinuses and digestion (although she recommends limiting cayenne if you have a runny nose).

4. Honey

Honey can act as a cough suppressant, and research shows it can reduce the severity and frequency of a cough. Consider putting it in tea, warm water, or even taking a teaspoon before bed, Madhavan says, adding that it’s a good alternative for kids who are too young for cough medicine. However you should never give honey to babies under age one.

Manuka honey, nectar specifically derived from the manuka tree, has particularly strong anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects due to a compound called methylglyoxal (MGO), per the Cleveland Clinic.

5. Citrus fruits

Fruits like oranges, apples, and grapefruit are rich in vitamin C, which supports bones, muscles and blood vessels, and can help boost the immune system. They are also hydrating because of their high water content. (Oranges are over 80% water.) There’s also some evidence that vitamin C can help shorten the duration of a cold.

If you have an upset stomach, the high acidity content of citrus fruits may make the symptoms worse.

6. Fermented foods

Fermented foods like sauerkraut, kimchi, yogurt, kefir, and kombucha contain probiotics or the good bacteria that can improve digestion and can fight off pathogens in charge of making you feel sick. They can help break down complex foods in your digestive system and specifically help diversify the gut microbiome, which is essential in maintaining a healthy immune system, says Brittany Michels, a registered dietician with The Vitamin Shoppe.

7. Popsicles or ice cream

Especially for children, hydration remains key. Give them a popsicle or ice cream, which can soothe a throat, Madhavan says. They’re especially helpful if kids are refusing to eat more whole foods.

It’s important to get the nutrients and soothing qualities of foods and beverages without having to put too much effort in. Have canned soup on hand and teas in the cabinet to make your home a one-stop shop when you’re feeling down. It’s also perfectly fine to lean on a comfort food if that’s what you crave. Choose what is easiest for you or your child in the short term, Madhavan says. The bottom line: stay hydrated, eat frequent meals you enjoy, and prioritize foods packed with nutrients.

財富中文網所刊載內容之知識產權為財富媒體知識產權有限公司及/或相關權利人專屬所有或持有。未經許可,禁止進行轉載、摘編、復制及建立鏡像等任何使用。
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