世界衛(wèi)生組織(World Health Organization)在上周表示,由于高度突變的新冠變異株“Pirola” JN.1的后代在美國(guó)和其他地方不斷繁殖,導(dǎo)致的感染病例數(shù)也開(kāi)始上升。2023年12月,全球新冠肺炎死亡病例達(dá)近1萬(wàn)例。
世界衛(wèi)生組織的總干事譚德塞(Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus)于今年1月10日在日內(nèi)瓦舉行的新聞發(fā)布會(huì)上說(shuō),正如預(yù)期的那樣,這波全球疫情浪潮發(fā)生在節(jié)假日聚會(huì)之后,而且正值JN.1變異株在全球占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位。
譚德塞表示,與2023年11月相比,12月報(bào)告的新冠住院人數(shù)增加了42%,重癥監(jiān)護(hù)室住院人數(shù)增加了62%。
他補(bǔ)充道,這些數(shù)字肯定被低估了。這是因?yàn)槿蛑挥兴姆种坏膰?guó)家仍然在向世界衛(wèi)生組織提供新冠感染病例數(shù)據(jù)——193個(gè)國(guó)家中只有不到50個(gè)國(guó)家,其中大部分位于歐洲和美洲。
他說(shuō):“雖然每月新冠死亡病例達(dá)1萬(wàn)例,但依然遠(yuǎn)低于疫情高峰期,這種可預(yù)防死亡的水平是不可接受的。”
“Pirola” JN.1變異株不斷繁殖,導(dǎo)致的感染病例數(shù)急劇上升
全球趨勢(shì)反映了美國(guó)的情況,根據(jù)美國(guó)疾病控制與預(yù)防中心(U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)的數(shù)據(jù),截至2023年12月30日,美國(guó)新冠死亡人數(shù)每周增加12.5%,住院人數(shù)增加20%以上。
美國(guó)疾病控制與預(yù)防中心的最新預(yù)測(cè)顯示,JN.1變異株在美國(guó)也占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位,截至1月6日,JN.1感染病例估計(jì)占病例總數(shù)的62%。
據(jù)位于美國(guó)阿肯色州瓊斯伯勒的紐約理工學(xué)院(New York Institute of Technology)的研究助理院長(zhǎng)兼副教授、新冠變異株追蹤專(zhuān)家拉杰·拉杰納拉亞南稱(chēng),這種高度突變的新冠變異株“Pirola” JN.1正在不斷繁殖,導(dǎo)致感染病例數(shù)上升。
拉杰納拉亞南對(duì)《財(cái)富》雜志表示,根據(jù)追蹤新冠病毒和流感病毒變化的國(guó)際研究機(jī)構(gòu)全球共享流感數(shù)據(jù)倡議組織(GISAID)的數(shù)據(jù),JN.1.4,可以說(shuō)是JN.1的“后代”,是1月11日美國(guó)報(bào)告的第三大最常見(jiàn)變異株,占序列的11.5%。
他補(bǔ)充道,該病毒占全球序列的11%。
一些專(zhuān)家指出,“Pirola” JN.1可能是新冠疫情新篇章的開(kāi)端,在一段時(shí)間內(nèi),所有主要變異株都可能由它演化而來(lái)。拉杰納拉亞南稱(chēng),即將出現(xiàn)的變異株——已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了33個(gè)亞系——很可能會(huì)攜帶額外的突變,而這些突變很有可能有助于病毒演化。
他補(bǔ)充道,JN.1.6.1包含突變“刺突R346T”,而JN.1不包含這種突變,該突變可能使其更具免疫逃避性。以前的一些變異株,例如BA.2.75.2、BA.4.6、BQ.1.1和XBB.1也包含這種突變。
“在可預(yù)見(jiàn)的未來(lái),JN.1及其后代將繼續(xù)主導(dǎo)全球格局。”杰伊·韋蘭告訴《財(cái)富》雜志。他是一名以準(zhǔn)確率高而聞名的變異株預(yù)測(cè)者,也是為數(shù)不多仍然留在該行業(yè)的人之一。
另一種新冠變異株“克拉肯”(Kraken) XBB.1.5于2023年1月在美國(guó)達(dá)到了感染峰值,當(dāng)時(shí)是美國(guó)感染病例第二高的新冠變異株。韋蘭表示,其后代將繼續(xù)以低水平流行。
他補(bǔ)充道:“XBB譜系是否會(huì)完全滅絕,或者它們是否能夠發(fā)生突變,從而在全球變異株庫(kù)中保持一定的份額,還有待觀察。”
韋蘭和拉杰納拉亞南認(rèn)為,也有可能出現(xiàn)另一種BA.2.86的后代,比如JN.2,最終會(huì)崛起——就像最初的奧密克戎(BA.1)一樣也曾經(jīng)短暫達(dá)到峰值,但BA.2“隱形奧密克戎”系最終占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位。
根據(jù)廢水檢測(cè)數(shù)據(jù),韋蘭預(yù)測(cè)美國(guó)的這波疫情浪潮已經(jīng)達(dá)到峰值,很快就會(huì)見(jiàn)頂。今年冬天的這波疫情浪潮是美國(guó)迄今為止第二高的,截至1月9日,估計(jì)每21個(gè)美國(guó)人中就有1人感染。它打破了2023年1月XBB.1.5帶來(lái)的感染峰值,使得其在該國(guó)疫情浪潮排行榜上屈居第三位。
但加拿大安大略省圭爾夫大學(xué)(University of Guelph)的生物學(xué)教授、主要變異株追蹤專(zhuān)家瑞安·格雷戈里對(duì)《財(cái)富》雜志表示,現(xiàn)在還不是松一口氣的時(shí)候。
他認(rèn)為,人們關(guān)注的從來(lái)就不只是JN.1變異株本身,就像人們關(guān)注的從來(lái)不是BA.2.86(JN.1的母代譜系)本身一樣。
格雷戈里稱(chēng):“這與任何一個(gè)變異株都無(wú)關(guān)。這是關(guān)于不斷演變的譜系的問(wèn)題。”
他和其他變異株追蹤者將BA.2.86、JN.1和所有病毒后代命名為“Pirola”家族。格雷戈里說(shuō):“只要它有充足的新宿主——也就是說(shuō),直到我們認(rèn)真對(duì)待病毒力減弱問(wèn)題,它會(huì)繼續(xù)繁殖更多的親屬。”(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:中慧言-王芳
世界衛(wèi)生組織(World Health Organization)在上周表示,由于高度突變的新冠變異株“Pirola” JN.1的后代在美國(guó)和其他地方不斷繁殖,導(dǎo)致的感染病例數(shù)也開(kāi)始上升。2023年12月,全球新冠肺炎死亡病例達(dá)近1萬(wàn)例。
世界衛(wèi)生組織的總干事譚德塞(Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus)于今年1月10日在日內(nèi)瓦舉行的新聞發(fā)布會(huì)上說(shuō),正如預(yù)期的那樣,這波全球疫情浪潮發(fā)生在節(jié)假日聚會(huì)之后,而且正值JN.1變異株在全球占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位。
譚德塞表示,與2023年11月相比,12月報(bào)告的新冠住院人數(shù)增加了42%,重癥監(jiān)護(hù)室住院人數(shù)增加了62%。
他補(bǔ)充道,這些數(shù)字肯定被低估了。這是因?yàn)槿蛑挥兴姆种坏膰?guó)家仍然在向世界衛(wèi)生組織提供新冠感染病例數(shù)據(jù)——193個(gè)國(guó)家中只有不到50個(gè)國(guó)家,其中大部分位于歐洲和美洲。
他說(shuō):“雖然每月新冠死亡病例達(dá)1萬(wàn)例,但依然遠(yuǎn)低于疫情高峰期,這種可預(yù)防死亡的水平是不可接受的。”
“Pirola” JN.1變異株不斷繁殖,導(dǎo)致的感染病例數(shù)急劇上升
全球趨勢(shì)反映了美國(guó)的情況,根據(jù)美國(guó)疾病控制與預(yù)防中心(U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)的數(shù)據(jù),截至2023年12月30日,美國(guó)新冠死亡人數(shù)每周增加12.5%,住院人數(shù)增加20%以上。
美國(guó)疾病控制與預(yù)防中心的最新預(yù)測(cè)顯示,JN.1變異株在美國(guó)也占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位,截至1月6日,JN.1感染病例估計(jì)占病例總數(shù)的62%。
據(jù)位于美國(guó)阿肯色州瓊斯伯勒的紐約理工學(xué)院(New York Institute of Technology)的研究助理院長(zhǎng)兼副教授、新冠變異株追蹤專(zhuān)家拉杰·拉杰納拉亞南稱(chēng),這種高度突變的新冠變異株“Pirola” JN.1正在不斷繁殖,導(dǎo)致感染病例數(shù)上升。
拉杰納拉亞南對(duì)《財(cái)富》雜志表示,根據(jù)追蹤新冠病毒和流感病毒變化的國(guó)際研究機(jī)構(gòu)全球共享流感數(shù)據(jù)倡議組織(GISAID)的數(shù)據(jù),JN.1.4,可以說(shuō)是JN.1的“后代”,是1月11日美國(guó)報(bào)告的第三大最常見(jiàn)變異株,占序列的11.5%。
他補(bǔ)充道,該病毒占全球序列的11%。
一些專(zhuān)家指出,“Pirola” JN.1可能是新冠疫情新篇章的開(kāi)端,在一段時(shí)間內(nèi),所有主要變異株都可能由它演化而來(lái)。拉杰納拉亞南稱(chēng),即將出現(xiàn)的變異株——已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了33個(gè)亞系——很可能會(huì)攜帶額外的突變,而這些突變很有可能有助于病毒演化。
他補(bǔ)充道,JN.1.6.1包含突變“刺突R346T”,而JN.1不包含這種突變,該突變可能使其更具免疫逃避性。以前的一些變異株,例如BA.2.75.2、BA.4.6、BQ.1.1和XBB.1也包含這種突變。
“在可預(yù)見(jiàn)的未來(lái),JN.1及其后代將繼續(xù)主導(dǎo)全球格局。”杰伊·韋蘭告訴《財(cái)富》雜志。他是一名以準(zhǔn)確率高而聞名的變異株預(yù)測(cè)者,也是為數(shù)不多仍然留在該行業(yè)的人之一。
另一種新冠變異株“克拉肯”(Kraken) XBB.1.5于2023年1月在美國(guó)達(dá)到了感染峰值,當(dāng)時(shí)是美國(guó)感染病例第二高的新冠變異株。韋蘭表示,其后代將繼續(xù)以低水平流行。
他補(bǔ)充道:“XBB譜系是否會(huì)完全滅絕,或者它們是否能夠發(fā)生突變,從而在全球變異株庫(kù)中保持一定的份額,還有待觀察。”
韋蘭和拉杰納拉亞南認(rèn)為,也有可能出現(xiàn)另一種BA.2.86的后代,比如JN.2,最終會(huì)崛起——就像最初的奧密克戎(BA.1)一樣也曾經(jīng)短暫達(dá)到峰值,但BA.2“隱形奧密克戎”系最終占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位。
根據(jù)廢水檢測(cè)數(shù)據(jù),韋蘭預(yù)測(cè)美國(guó)的這波疫情浪潮已經(jīng)達(dá)到峰值,很快就會(huì)見(jiàn)頂。今年冬天的這波疫情浪潮是美國(guó)迄今為止第二高的,截至1月9日,估計(jì)每21個(gè)美國(guó)人中就有1人感染。它打破了2023年1月XBB.1.5帶來(lái)的感染峰值,使得其在該國(guó)疫情浪潮排行榜上屈居第三位。
但加拿大安大略省圭爾夫大學(xué)(University of Guelph)的生物學(xué)教授、主要變異株追蹤專(zhuān)家瑞安·格雷戈里對(duì)《財(cái)富》雜志表示,現(xiàn)在還不是松一口氣的時(shí)候。
他認(rèn)為,人們關(guān)注的從來(lái)就不只是JN.1變異株本身,就像人們關(guān)注的從來(lái)不是BA.2.86(JN.1的母代譜系)本身一樣。
格雷戈里稱(chēng):“這與任何一個(gè)變異株都無(wú)關(guān)。這是關(guān)于不斷演變的譜系的問(wèn)題。”
他和其他變異株追蹤者將BA.2.86、JN.1和所有病毒后代命名為“Pirola”家族。格雷戈里說(shuō):“只要它有充足的新宿主——也就是說(shuō),直到我們認(rèn)真對(duì)待病毒力減弱問(wèn)題,它會(huì)繼續(xù)繁殖更多的親屬。”(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:中慧言-王芳
Nearly 10,000 COVID deaths occurred globally in December, the World Health Organization said this week—this as highly mutated variant “Pirola” JN.1 offspring spawn and begin their upward ascents in the U.S. and elsewhere.
The global wave occurs after holiday gatherings, as expected, and comes as JN.1 dominates worldwide, the organization’s director general, Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, said at a January 10 news conference in Geneva.
Reported COVID hospitalizations increased by 42%, Ghebreyesus said, and ICU admissions by 62% in December, when compared to November.
The numbers are certainly underestimates, he added. That’s because only a quarter of the world’s countries are still providing COVID data to the WHO—less than 50 of 193 nations, most located in Europe and America.
“Although 10,000 deaths a month is far less than the peak of the pandemic, this level of preventable death is not acceptable,” he said.
“Pirola” JN.1 spawn take off
The global trends mirror those in the U.S., where COVID deaths were up 12.5% week-over-week and hospitalizations were up more than 20% as of Dec. 30, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
In the U.S., too, JN.1 dominates, comprising an estimated 62% of cases as of Jan. 6, according to the latest CDC projections.
The highly mutated variant’s spawn are already climbing the charts, according to Raj Rajnarayanan—assistant dean of research and associate professor at the New York Institute of Technology campus in Jonesboro, Ark., and a top COVID variant tracker.
JN.1.4—a “child,” so to speak, of JN.1—was the No. 3 most commonly reported variant in the U.S. on January 11, comprising 11.5% of sequences, Rajnarayanan told Fortune, citing data from GISAID, an international research organization that tracks changes in COVID and the flu virus.
It’s responsible for 11% of sequences globally, he added.
“Pirola” JN.1 may be the beginning of a new chapter in the pandemic, some experts say, with potentially all major variants evolving from it for a time. Forthcoming variants—33 sublineages have been spotted already, Rajnarayanan said—are likely to pick up additional mutations that could very well help the virus.
JN.1.6.1 includes mutation “spike R346T,” which JN.1 doesn’t contain—one that could make it even more immune evasive, he added. Some previous variants like BA.2.75.2, BA.4.6, BQ.1.1, and XBB.1 also contained the mutation.
“JN.1 and its derivatives will continue to dominate the global landscape for the foreseeable future,” Jay Weiland—a variant forecaster with a reputation for high accuracy and one of few left in the business—told Fortune.
Another COVID variant, “Kraken” XBB.1.5, saw its U.S. peak last winter—the nation’s second highest, at the time. Its derivatives will continue to circulate at low levels, Weiland says.
“It is yet to be seen if the XBB lineages will go fully extinct, or if they will be able to mutate to hang on to some share of the global variant pool,” he added.
It’s also possible that another BA.2.86 spawn, like JN.2, eventually rises to prominence, Weiland and Rajnarayanan contend—similar to how the original Omicron, BA.1, peaked briefly eventual dominance of the BA.2 “stealth Omicron” line.
Based on wastewater data, Weiland predicts that the American wave has reached its peak and will soon crest. This winter’s wave was the second highest the country has seen so far, with an estimated 1 in 21 Americans infected, as of January 9. It knocks last winter’s XBB.1.5 peak to spot No. 3 on the list of the country’s largest COVID waves.
But now is not the time to breathe a sigh of relief, Ryan Gregory—a biology professor at the University of Guelph in Ontario, Canada, and a lead variant tracker—told Fortune.
The concern was never just JN.1 itself—just as the concern was never BA.2.86, its parent variant, itself either, he contends.
“It’s not about any one variant,” Gregory said. “It’s about evolving lineages.”
He and fellow variant trackers have dubbed BA.2.86, JN.1, and all viral offspring the “Pirola” clan. It’s a family that will keep spawning more relatives, he said, “as long as it has a rich supply of new hosts—that is, until we get serious about mitigation.”