抵押貸款利率達(dá)到22年來的最高水平,房?jī)r(jià)的不斷上漲——這些因素使千禧一代很難擁有一套屬于自己的住房。但到目前為止,令人卻步的房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)狀況并沒有影響他們買房的決心。
美國(guó)銀行研究所(Bank of America Institute)的一份最新報(bào)告顯示,擁有自己的住房是年輕一代最關(guān)心的問題。約60%的Z世代和近60%的千禧一代受訪者表示,他們認(rèn)為擁有自己的房子比他們父母那一代更重要。美國(guó)銀行的另一項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示,受訪者將“擁有住房”列為財(cái)務(wù)成功的首要標(biāo)志,而在衡量總體成功的指標(biāo)中,“擁有住房”位列第五,排在“組建家庭”和“職業(yè)成就”等指標(biāo)之前。
美國(guó)銀行的分析表明,盡管房子非常重要,但擁有一套自己的住房越來越遙不可及,特別是對(duì)于千禧一代(35-45歲),因?yàn)樗麄兠媾R著“更沉重的經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)擔(dān)”。這一群體在未償還學(xué)生貸款中的占比最大,信用卡拖欠率上升速度最快。
美國(guó)銀行消費(fèi)貸款主管馬特?弗農(nóng)對(duì)《財(cái)富》雜志表示:“考慮到諸多因素的影響,很難直接比較是千禧一代還是他們的父母在買房過程中面臨更多挑戰(zhàn)。不過,千禧一代面臨著他們這一代特有的挑戰(zhàn)。”他指出,高房?jī)r(jià)和高利率是千禧一代需要應(yīng)對(duì)的最大挑戰(zhàn)。
或許,正是這種遙不可及的狀況促使這一代人意識(shí)到,買房是積累財(cái)富的關(guān)鍵一步。
弗農(nóng)表示:“雖然他們的父母和祖父母當(dāng)時(shí)買房的行情可能更有利,但千禧一代可能認(rèn)為,通過購(gòu)房積累資產(chǎn)尤為重要,因?yàn)橥浝^續(xù)使生活費(fèi)用居高不下。”
其他幾位房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)專家、經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家和千禧一代高管分享了他們對(duì)年輕一代癡迷于擁有住房的看法。
可能造成年輕一代癡迷買房的一個(gè)原因是:來自同齡人的壓力越來越大,而社交媒體又加劇了這種壓力。
33歲的埃琳娜?努涅斯?庫(kù)珀是Ascend PR的CEO。她在接受《財(cái)富》雜志采訪時(shí)表示:“通常情況下,特別是在科技領(lǐng)域,千禧一代的收入超過了他們父母在相同年齡段時(shí)的收入,同時(shí)社會(huì)的壓力讓他們覺得自己必須買房,或者至少買一套公寓。在社交媒體上,大量‘一夜暴富的人群’展示他們的大房子、超級(jí)跑車和看似無限的財(cái)富,以此炫耀他們的‘完美生活’,這迫使千禧一代要么出眾,要么出局。”
庫(kù)珀補(bǔ)充道:“即使有的千禧一代不喜歡社交媒體,但也有其他媒體不斷宣傳這樣的觀點(diǎn):作為一個(gè)30多歲的人,房子是必需品;如果你沒有房子,你一定是生活的失敗者。”
千禧一代積累財(cái)富的途徑很少
對(duì)于冰冷、堅(jiān)硬的房子的渴望,可能也反映了這一代人的成長(zhǎng)。他們經(jīng)歷了很多,先是全球金融危機(jī),從危機(jī)中緩慢復(fù)蘇,再是新冠疫情和40年來最高的通脹水平。盡管千禧一代可能比他們父母在同年齡段賺得多,但他們的支出也更高。生活成本只會(huì)增加,學(xué)生貸款和其他債務(wù)不斷累積,而且通貨膨脹似乎也不會(huì)很快消失。
美國(guó)人口普查局(U.S. Census Bureau)的數(shù)據(jù)顯示,2020年,千禧一代家庭的收入中位數(shù)為71,566美元。但這個(gè)數(shù)字掩蓋了一個(gè)事實(shí),即與過去幾十年相比,現(xiàn)在的家庭中工作的成年人數(shù)量更多。盡管收入中位數(shù)有所上升,但收入變得更加不平等,這意味著最低收入者很難達(dá)到這個(gè)數(shù)字。與此同時(shí),住房在支出預(yù)算中的占比也在不斷增加。《衛(wèi)報(bào)》最近的一份報(bào)告顯示,在20世紀(jì)90年代,一個(gè)普通的購(gòu)房者可能要花費(fèi)三年的收入來購(gòu)買一套房子;而在今年,購(gòu)買一套房子的支出高達(dá)購(gòu)房者年收入的5.3倍。難怪大多數(shù)美國(guó)人會(huì)懷疑,如今的年輕人在經(jīng)濟(jì)條件上是否會(huì)比他們的父母過得更好。
一些專家認(rèn)為,千禧一代渴望擁有自己的住房,是因?yàn)橐獢[脫不斷上漲的租金。Rent.com在11月份發(fā)布的報(bào)告顯示,自疫情爆發(fā)以來,全國(guó)房租上漲了20%以上,這意味著每月的支出增加了340多美元。
邁克爾?維斯圖托是有20年從業(yè)經(jīng)驗(yàn)的拉斯維加斯房地產(chǎn)經(jīng)紀(jì)人。他表示:“這種市場(chǎng)行情迫使千禧一代盡早買房,以免被高房?jī)r(jià)擠出市場(chǎng)。通過盡早買房,他們可以增加資產(chǎn)凈值,為將來通過房產(chǎn)實(shí)現(xiàn)財(cái)務(wù)獨(dú)立和財(cái)富積累打下基礎(chǔ)。這種情況與他們父母所處的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)壓力小的環(huán)境形成了鮮明對(duì)比,所以盡早擁有住房對(duì)他們父母那一代來說沒有那么重要。”
買房是千禧一代為數(shù)不多的有效積累財(cái)富的方式之一。擁有15年抵押貸款經(jīng)驗(yàn)的馬修?里奇對(duì)《財(cái)富》雜志表示,千禧一代把買房看作是一項(xiàng)有價(jià)值的投資,而不是財(cái)務(wù)負(fù)擔(dān)。
丘吉爾抵押貸款公司(Churchill Mortgage)的住房貸款專家里奇表示:“與他們父母那代相比,千禧一代更關(guān)注財(cái)務(wù)投資和獨(dú)立。”他還列舉了一些在線投資工具和其他策略,這些工具和策略讓千禧一代更好地了解通過投資(包括買房)來增加自己的資產(chǎn)凈值。
大通銀行(Chase)最近的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示,雖然90%的千禧一代和Z世代認(rèn)為買房是一項(xiàng)“明智的投資”,但超過一半的受訪者接受共同擁有一套住房。千禧一代的家庭中已經(jīng)開始出現(xiàn)這種趨勢(shì),即朋友和家人一起買房。
當(dāng)然,有些千禧一代夢(mèng)想著擁有一棟帶白色尖樁籬笆的獨(dú)戶住宅,但也有千禧一代只是把購(gòu)房視作一項(xiàng)明智的財(cái)務(wù)決策。Zillow在11月發(fā)布的一份報(bào)告顯示,越來越多人在“以租養(yǎng)貸”,即將房屋的部分或全部出租以獲得額外收入。
千禧一代和Z世代這樣做的目的,是為了支付高昂的房?jī)r(jià)和抵押貸款利息。超過一半的千禧一代和Z世代購(gòu)房者認(rèn)為,“以租養(yǎng)貸”對(duì)他們購(gòu)買房產(chǎn)“非常”或“極其”重要,而在所有年齡段的購(gòu)房者中,這一比例為39%。
不過,并非所有經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家都認(rèn)同這種代際之間的比較。LendingTree高級(jí)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家雅各布?沙內(nèi)樂認(rèn)為,雖然今天的年輕人面臨的壓力的確更大,但美國(guó)銀行的研究并不是完全公平的比較,因?yàn)楹茈y確定如何對(duì)不同世代的人在同一年齡段進(jìn)行比較。
他對(duì)《財(cái)富》雜志表示:“這只是因?yàn)椋粋€(gè)群體(千禧一代)現(xiàn)在比另一個(gè)群體(父母一代)在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)更想做某件事(比如擁有住房),但不代表他們一定會(huì)這樣做。然而,很顯然,擁有住房對(duì)大多數(shù)美國(guó)人來說仍然很重要,無論他們屬于哪一代人。”(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))
翻譯:郝秀
審校:汪皓
抵押貸款利率達(dá)到22年來的最高水平,房?jī)r(jià)的不斷上漲——這些因素使千禧一代很難擁有一套屬于自己的住房。但到目前為止,令人卻步的房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)狀況并沒有影響他們買房的決心。
美國(guó)銀行研究所(Bank of America Institute)的一份最新報(bào)告顯示,擁有自己的住房是年輕一代最關(guān)心的問題。約60%的Z世代和近60%的千禧一代受訪者表示,他們認(rèn)為擁有自己的房子比他們父母那一代更重要。美國(guó)銀行的另一項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示,受訪者將“擁有住房”列為財(cái)務(wù)成功的首要標(biāo)志,而在衡量總體成功的指標(biāo)中,“擁有住房”位列第五,排在“組建家庭”和“職業(yè)成就”等指標(biāo)之前。
美國(guó)銀行的分析表明,盡管房子非常重要,但擁有一套自己的住房越來越遙不可及,特別是對(duì)于千禧一代(35-45歲),因?yàn)樗麄兠媾R著“更沉重的經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)擔(dān)”。這一群體在未償還學(xué)生貸款中的占比最大,信用卡拖欠率上升速度最快。
美國(guó)銀行消費(fèi)貸款主管馬特?弗農(nóng)對(duì)《財(cái)富》雜志表示:“考慮到諸多因素的影響,很難直接比較是千禧一代還是他們的父母在買房過程中面臨更多挑戰(zhàn)。不過,千禧一代面臨著他們這一代特有的挑戰(zhàn)。”他指出,高房?jī)r(jià)和高利率是千禧一代需要應(yīng)對(duì)的最大挑戰(zhàn)。
或許,正是這種遙不可及的狀況促使這一代人意識(shí)到,買房是積累財(cái)富的關(guān)鍵一步。
弗農(nóng)表示:“雖然他們的父母和祖父母當(dāng)時(shí)買房的行情可能更有利,但千禧一代可能認(rèn)為,通過購(gòu)房積累資產(chǎn)尤為重要,因?yàn)橥浝^續(xù)使生活費(fèi)用居高不下。”
其他幾位房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)專家、經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家和千禧一代高管分享了他們對(duì)年輕一代癡迷于擁有住房的看法。
可能造成年輕一代癡迷買房的一個(gè)原因是:來自同齡人的壓力越來越大,而社交媒體又加劇了這種壓力。
33歲的埃琳娜?努涅斯?庫(kù)珀是Ascend PR的CEO。她在接受《財(cái)富》雜志采訪時(shí)表示:“通常情況下,特別是在科技領(lǐng)域,千禧一代的收入超過了他們父母在相同年齡段時(shí)的收入,同時(shí)社會(huì)的壓力讓他們覺得自己必須買房,或者至少買一套公寓。在社交媒體上,大量‘一夜暴富的人群’展示他們的大房子、超級(jí)跑車和看似無限的財(cái)富,以此炫耀他們的‘完美生活’,這迫使千禧一代要么出眾,要么出局。”
庫(kù)珀補(bǔ)充道:“即使有的千禧一代不喜歡社交媒體,但也有其他媒體不斷宣傳這樣的觀點(diǎn):作為一個(gè)30多歲的人,房子是必需品;如果你沒有房子,你一定是生活的失敗者。”
千禧一代積累財(cái)富的途徑很少
對(duì)于冰冷、堅(jiān)硬的房子的渴望,可能也反映了這一代人的成長(zhǎng)。他們經(jīng)歷了很多,先是全球金融危機(jī),從危機(jī)中緩慢復(fù)蘇,再是新冠疫情和40年來最高的通脹水平。盡管千禧一代可能比他們父母在同年齡段賺得多,但他們的支出也更高。生活成本只會(huì)增加,學(xué)生貸款和其他債務(wù)不斷累積,而且通貨膨脹似乎也不會(huì)很快消失。
美國(guó)人口普查局(U.S. Census Bureau)的數(shù)據(jù)顯示,2020年,千禧一代家庭的收入中位數(shù)為71,566美元。但這個(gè)數(shù)字掩蓋了一個(gè)事實(shí),即與過去幾十年相比,現(xiàn)在的家庭中工作的成年人數(shù)量更多。盡管收入中位數(shù)有所上升,但收入變得更加不平等,這意味著最低收入者很難達(dá)到這個(gè)數(shù)字。與此同時(shí),住房在支出預(yù)算中的占比也在不斷增加。《衛(wèi)報(bào)》最近的一份報(bào)告顯示,在20世紀(jì)90年代,一個(gè)普通的購(gòu)房者可能要花費(fèi)三年的收入來購(gòu)買一套房子;而在今年,購(gòu)買一套房子的支出高達(dá)購(gòu)房者年收入的5.3倍。難怪大多數(shù)美國(guó)人會(huì)懷疑,如今的年輕人在經(jīng)濟(jì)條件上是否會(huì)比他們的父母過得更好。
一些專家認(rèn)為,千禧一代渴望擁有自己的住房,是因?yàn)橐獢[脫不斷上漲的租金。Rent.com在11月份發(fā)布的報(bào)告顯示,自疫情爆發(fā)以來,全國(guó)房租上漲了20%以上,這意味著每月的支出增加了340多美元。
邁克爾?維斯圖托是有20年從業(yè)經(jīng)驗(yàn)的拉斯維加斯房地產(chǎn)經(jīng)紀(jì)人。他表示:“這種市場(chǎng)行情迫使千禧一代盡早買房,以免被高房?jī)r(jià)擠出市場(chǎng)。通過盡早買房,他們可以增加資產(chǎn)凈值,為將來通過房產(chǎn)實(shí)現(xiàn)財(cái)務(wù)獨(dú)立和財(cái)富積累打下基礎(chǔ)。這種情況與他們父母所處的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)壓力小的環(huán)境形成了鮮明對(duì)比,所以盡早擁有住房對(duì)他們父母那一代來說沒有那么重要。”
買房是千禧一代為數(shù)不多的有效積累財(cái)富的方式之一。擁有15年抵押貸款經(jīng)驗(yàn)的馬修?里奇對(duì)《財(cái)富》雜志表示,千禧一代把買房看作是一項(xiàng)有價(jià)值的投資,而不是財(cái)務(wù)負(fù)擔(dān)。
丘吉爾抵押貸款公司(Churchill Mortgage)的住房貸款專家里奇表示:“與他們父母那代相比,千禧一代更關(guān)注財(cái)務(wù)投資和獨(dú)立。”他還列舉了一些在線投資工具和其他策略,這些工具和策略讓千禧一代更好地了解通過投資(包括買房)來增加自己的資產(chǎn)凈值。
大通銀行(Chase)最近的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示,雖然90%的千禧一代和Z世代認(rèn)為買房是一項(xiàng)“明智的投資”,但超過一半的受訪者接受共同擁有一套住房。千禧一代的家庭中已經(jīng)開始出現(xiàn)這種趨勢(shì),即朋友和家人一起買房。
當(dāng)然,有些千禧一代夢(mèng)想著擁有一棟帶白色尖樁籬笆的獨(dú)戶住宅,但也有千禧一代只是把購(gòu)房視作一項(xiàng)明智的財(cái)務(wù)決策。Zillow在11月發(fā)布的一份報(bào)告顯示,越來越多人在“以租養(yǎng)貸”,即將房屋的部分或全部出租以獲得額外收入。
千禧一代和Z世代這樣做的目的,是為了支付高昂的房?jī)r(jià)和抵押貸款利息。超過一半的千禧一代和Z世代購(gòu)房者認(rèn)為,“以租養(yǎng)貸”對(duì)他們購(gòu)買房產(chǎn)“非常”或“極其”重要,而在所有年齡段的購(gòu)房者中,這一比例為39%。
不過,并非所有經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家都認(rèn)同這種代際之間的比較。LendingTree高級(jí)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家雅各布?沙內(nèi)樂認(rèn)為,雖然今天的年輕人面臨的壓力的確更大,但美國(guó)銀行的研究并不是完全公平的比較,因?yàn)楹茈y確定如何對(duì)不同世代的人在同一年齡段進(jìn)行比較。
他對(duì)《財(cái)富》雜志表示:“這只是因?yàn)椋粋€(gè)群體(千禧一代)現(xiàn)在比另一個(gè)群體(父母一代)在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)更想做某件事(比如擁有住房),但不代表他們一定會(huì)這樣做。然而,很顯然,擁有住房對(duì)大多數(shù)美國(guó)人來說仍然很重要,無論他們屬于哪一代人。”(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))
翻譯:郝秀
審校:汪皓
The highest mortgage rates in a generation and ever-rising home prices are conspiring to lock millennials out of homeownership, but the daunting state of the housing market hasn’t hurt their determination to break in—so far.
Indeed, a new report by the Bank of America Institute suggests that homeownership is a top concern for younger generations: Some 60% of Gen Z respondents, and nearly 60% of millennials, said they think homeownership is more important than it was during their parents’ generation. In a separate BofA survey, respondents cited owning a home as their number one signal of financial success, and fifth on the list of success overall, ahead of options like “building a family” and “career fulfillment.”
Despite its importance, this marker of adulthood is ever further out of reach, especially for older millennials (aged 35–45) who face a “bigger financial burden” with the largest share of outstanding student loans and the fastest rise in credit card delinquencies, according to BofA’s analysis.
“While it’s tricky to draw a direct comparison between whether millennials or their parents face more barriers to homeownership given the numerous variables at play, it’s fair to say that millennials are faced with their own unique set of challenges,” Matt Vernon, BofA head of consumer lending, tells Fortune, noting that high home prices and interest rates rank at the top of millennials’ list of challenges.
That very inaccessibility is likely driving this generation to recognize that buying a house is a critical step for building wealth.
“While their parents and grandparents may have been able to do so in more favorable markets, millennials may perceive that building equity through the purchase of a home is especially important as inflation continues to keep living expenses high,” Vernon says.
Several other housing market experts, economists, and millennial executives shared their own theories about the younger generation’s real estate obsession.
One major possibility: The heat is on from their peers, and social media is making it worse.
“On average, especially in the tech space, millennials are making more than their parents did at their comparative age and are feeling the pressure of society to buy a house, or at minimum, a condo,” Elena Nunez Cooper, the 33-year-old CEO of Ascend PR, tells Fortune. “On social media, a plethora of ‘instant millionaires’ showing off their ‘perfect lives’ with big houses, supercars, and seemingly unlimited wealth pressures millennials to go big or go home.”
“Even if a millennial prefers to stay off social media, there is a constant flow of media that pushes the idea that owning a home as a thirtysomething is a must, and if you do not have a home, you must be failing at life,” Cooper adds.
Few ways for millennials to grow wealth
The desire for cold, hard property likely also reflects this generation’s coming of age, starting with the Global Financial Crisis, the sluggish recovery from it, then the COVID-19 pandemic and the highest inflation in 40 years. Even though millennials may be making more than their parents at the same age, they’re spending more too. Cost of living has only increased, student loans and other debts keep piling up, and inflation doesn’t seem to be letting up any time soon.
In 2020, the median millennial household made $71,566, according to the U.S. Census Bureau. But that figure obscures the fact that today’s households have more adults working than in previous decades. Despite the rise of the median, incomes have become more unequal, meaning that the lowest earners are struggling to keep up. In the meantime, housing is taking up an ever-growing share of the budget. A recent Guardian report found that, through the 1990s, a typical homebuyer could expect to pay three times their annual income for a home; by this year, that figure had ballooned to 5.3. It’s no wonder that most Americans doubt today’s younger generations will do better than their parents economically.
Indeed, some experts suggest that millennials yearn for homeownership as a reprieve from runaway rental prices. Since the start of the pandemic, rents are up by more than 20% nationwide, adding more than $340 to monthly bills, according to Rent.com’s November report.
“This situation puts pressure on millennials to buy homes early to avoid being priced out of the market,” says Michael Vestuto, a Las Vegas realtor with two decades of experience. “Early homeownership allows them to build equity, paving the way for future financial independence and wealth accumulation through real estate. This contrasts with the less competitive environment their parents encountered, making early homeownership less critical for them.”
Housing in one of very few remaining ways for millennials to meaningfully build wealth. Millennials see buying a home as a valuable investment instead of a financial liability, Matthew Ricci, a 15-year mortgage lending veteran, tells Fortune.
“Millennials are much more engaged with financial investing and independence than their parents’ generation,” says Ricci, a home loan specialist at Churchill Mortgage, citing online investment tools and other strategies that give this generation a better understanding of growing their net worth through investments—including real estate.
A recent survey by Chase shows that while 90% of millennials and Gen Zers see owning a home as a “smart investment,” more than half are open to coownership. We’re already starting to see this trend more in millennial homes, where friends and family are buying homes together.
Sure, some millennials are drawn to the idea of a white picket fence and nesting, but other members of this generation strictly see homebuying as a smart financial move. Indeed, there has been an increase in the practice of “house hacking,” or renting out part or all of a home for extra income, a November Zillow report shows.
Millennials and Gen Zers are doing this in order to afford sky-high home prices and steep mortgage rates. More than half of these buyers view house hacking as “very” or “extremely” important in being able to afford a home, compared to 39% of homebuyers of all ages.
Still, not all economists are buying the generational narrative. LendingTree Senior Economist Jacob Channel argues that while today’s young people certainly could be facing greater pressures, BofA’s study isn’t exactly comparing apples to apples. That’s because it’s difficult to nail down how members of different generations actually compare to one another at the same age, he says.
“Just because a group feels like they currently want to do something, like own a home, more than another group did sometime in the past, that doesn’t mean that they actually do,” he tells Fortune. However, “it’s nonetheless still clear that homeownership is still important to most Americans, regardless of which generation they come from.”