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買房還是租房?這在美國也是個問題

美國銀行的經(jīng)濟學家發(fā)現(xiàn),在幾乎所有主要城市,租房比買房更劃算。

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在當前房地產(chǎn)市場行情下,美國銀行(Bank of America)的經(jīng)濟學家圍繞“買房還是租房”這一永恒的爭論,陷入了一種莎士比亞式的情緒。該銀行最近發(fā)布了一份研究報告,標題為“買房還是租房?這是個問題”,頗具《哈姆雷特》風格。美國銀行的經(jīng)濟學家認為,購房,用哈姆雷特的話來說,在如今是命運的一種不幸。

房貸利率已經(jīng)給購房者帶來了一系列問題。利率一度升至之前難以想象的8%,之后由于通脹報告低于預期和美聯(lián)儲加息周期可能結束的預期,利率出現(xiàn)了數(shù)周下跌。經(jīng)濟學家引用密歇根大學消費者信心調(diào)查的數(shù)據(jù)表示,盡管從可負擔性角度看利率下跌更為有利,但房價在僅僅三年時間內(nèi)仍大幅上漲,消費者認為現(xiàn)在不是購房的好時機。經(jīng)濟學家還建議購房者要預見長期處于較高水平的利率環(huán)境(與其他投資銀行的說法相呼應)。

同時,租金也出現(xiàn)了大幅上漲。只是由于最近租賃市場趨緩,租金增長才有所減緩。經(jīng)濟學家在報告中寫道:“由于房子可負擔性低,顯然這并不是一個買家市場,但租賃市場的情況也沒有好到哪里去。”

“除兩個城市之外,大部分城市的租金依然比房貸更低”

美國銀行的經(jīng)濟學家對租與買的難題進行了研究,對租金支付和按揭貸款償還進行了比較(他們的計算涵蓋了房產(chǎn)稅,不包括房屋保險、水電費和維護費用)。自疫情爆發(fā)以來,租金和房貸相對于中位數(shù)收入來說都變得更高,但盡管如此,經(jīng)濟學家通過分析發(fā)現(xiàn),截至十月份,“在97個主要城市中,除了兩個城市以外,支付租金仍然比償還抵押貸款更劃算。”這種情況并不難理解。受到疫情影響,數(shù)百萬人有可能希望追求一種不同的生活方式,以及不同的住房條件,這導致全國范圍內(nèi)的房價上漲超過40%,同時推動了租金的迅速上漲,而購房市場的回暖速度則相對較慢。

這就是問題所在:在一些地方,情況比其他地方更糟。經(jīng)濟學家發(fā)現(xiàn),沿西海岸的洛杉磯等城市購房比租房成本更高。從房貸和租金在中位數(shù)收入中的占比來看,在洛杉磯,房貸和稅占83%,而租金占41%;在圣何塞,房貸和稅占80%,而租金占26%;在舊金山,房貸和稅占71%,而租金占29%;在圣地亞哥,房貸和稅占74%,而租金占38%;在西雅圖,房貸和稅占55%,而租金占25%。

還有一些城市,比如紐約,購房和租房費用在中位數(shù)收入中的占比為62%和43%。與此同時,根據(jù)經(jīng)濟學家的分析,新奧爾良和密西西比州的杰克遜是僅有的兩個購房成本低于租房成本的城市。

房地產(chǎn)網(wǎng)站Realtor.com在十月底發(fā)布的最新租賃報告顯示,租金已經(jīng)連續(xù)下降五個月。Realtor.com的首席經(jīng)濟學家丹妮爾·哈爾在一份聲明中表示,“在幾乎所有主要市場,租房比購房更經(jīng)濟實惠。“此前的一份報告顯示,購買入門級住房的成本,如果按月計算,明顯高于租賃類似大小的住房的成本。在前50個主要城市中,有47個都是如此。

資產(chǎn)凈值問題

但是接著,美國銀行的觀點又轉(zhuǎn)到了資產(chǎn)凈值的問題上:如果你購買一套房屋,隨著時間的推移,你會擁有房屋資產(chǎn)凈值,與此同時,你的房屋也在增值。這樣,這套房子就變成了一種可以利用的現(xiàn)金儲備。盡管租房并不具備這些優(yōu)勢,但這并不意味著租房不是一種可行的選擇,特別是在當前這個時刻。

美國銀行經(jīng)濟學家寫道:“美國整體情況也是類似的。盡管租房和購房的成本都在增加,但租房更容易負擔得起。在全國范圍內(nèi),租金在美國家庭中位數(shù)收入中的占比從23%增加到26%,而房貸的占比則從19%增長到32%。“

數(shù)據(jù)表明,住房市場給普通購房者帶來的負擔比疫情前變得“更加沉重”,可能需要一些時間才能達到供需平衡。美國銀行預計美聯(lián)儲會在明年降息。之后,他們寫道,隨著供需關系的改善,與住房相關的各種活動應該會有所回升。根據(jù)經(jīng)濟學家的預計,存量房屋銷售(目前處于十多年來的最低速度)和新房銷售都將在明年下半年“回暖”,同時加強建設以支持新建住房項目開工。換言之,美國銀行是在違背良心下賭注,意在讓我們所有人都變成(住房)懦夫,使人們對參與和住房有關的活動感到擔憂和恐懼。(財富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:郝秀

審校:汪皓

在當前房地產(chǎn)市場行情下,美國銀行(Bank of America)的經(jīng)濟學家圍繞“買房還是租房”這一永恒的爭論,陷入了一種莎士比亞式的情緒。該銀行最近發(fā)布了一份研究報告,標題為“買房還是租房?這是個問題”,頗具《哈姆雷特》風格。美國銀行的經(jīng)濟學家認為,購房,用哈姆雷特的話來說,在如今是命運的一種不幸。

房貸利率已經(jīng)給購房者帶來了一系列問題。利率一度升至之前難以想象的8%,之后由于通脹報告低于預期和美聯(lián)儲加息周期可能結束的預期,利率出現(xiàn)了數(shù)周下跌。經(jīng)濟學家引用密歇根大學消費者信心調(diào)查的數(shù)據(jù)表示,盡管從可負擔性角度看利率下跌更為有利,但房價在僅僅三年時間內(nèi)仍大幅上漲,消費者認為現(xiàn)在不是購房的好時機。經(jīng)濟學家還建議購房者要預見長期處于較高水平的利率環(huán)境(與其他投資銀行的說法相呼應)。

同時,租金也出現(xiàn)了大幅上漲。只是由于最近租賃市場趨緩,租金增長才有所減緩。經(jīng)濟學家在報告中寫道:“由于房子可負擔性低,顯然這并不是一個買家市場,但租賃市場的情況也沒有好到哪里去。”

“除兩個城市之外,大部分城市的租金依然比房貸更低”

美國銀行的經(jīng)濟學家對租與買的難題進行了研究,對租金支付和按揭貸款償還進行了比較(他們的計算涵蓋了房產(chǎn)稅,不包括房屋保險、水電費和維護費用)。自疫情爆發(fā)以來,租金和房貸相對于中位數(shù)收入來說都變得更高,但盡管如此,經(jīng)濟學家通過分析發(fā)現(xiàn),截至十月份,“在97個主要城市中,除了兩個城市以外,支付租金仍然比償還抵押貸款更劃算。”這種情況并不難理解。受到疫情影響,數(shù)百萬人有可能希望追求一種不同的生活方式,以及不同的住房條件,這導致全國范圍內(nèi)的房價上漲超過40%,同時推動了租金的迅速上漲,而購房市場的回暖速度則相對較慢。

這就是問題所在:在一些地方,情況比其他地方更糟。經(jīng)濟學家發(fā)現(xiàn),沿西海岸的洛杉磯等城市購房比租房成本更高。從房貸和租金在中位數(shù)收入中的占比來看,在洛杉磯,房貸和稅占83%,而租金占41%;在圣何塞,房貸和稅占80%,而租金占26%;在舊金山,房貸和稅占71%,而租金占29%;在圣地亞哥,房貸和稅占74%,而租金占38%;在西雅圖,房貸和稅占55%,而租金占25%。

還有一些城市,比如紐約,購房和租房費用在中位數(shù)收入中的占比為62%和43%。與此同時,根據(jù)經(jīng)濟學家的分析,新奧爾良和密西西比州的杰克遜是僅有的兩個購房成本低于租房成本的城市。

房地產(chǎn)網(wǎng)站Realtor.com在十月底發(fā)布的最新租賃報告顯示,租金已經(jīng)連續(xù)下降五個月。Realtor.com的首席經(jīng)濟學家丹妮爾·哈爾在一份聲明中表示,“在幾乎所有主要市場,租房比購房更經(jīng)濟實惠。“此前的一份報告顯示,購買入門級住房的成本,如果按月計算,明顯高于租賃類似大小的住房的成本。在前50個主要城市中,有47個都是如此。

資產(chǎn)凈值問題

但是接著,美國銀行的觀點又轉(zhuǎn)到了資產(chǎn)凈值的問題上:如果你購買一套房屋,隨著時間的推移,你會擁有房屋資產(chǎn)凈值,與此同時,你的房屋也在增值。這樣,這套房子就變成了一種可以利用的現(xiàn)金儲備。盡管租房并不具備這些優(yōu)勢,但這并不意味著租房不是一種可行的選擇,特別是在當前這個時刻。

美國銀行經(jīng)濟學家寫道:“美國整體情況也是類似的。盡管租房和購房的成本都在增加,但租房更容易負擔得起。在全國范圍內(nèi),租金在美國家庭中位數(shù)收入中的占比從23%增加到26%,而房貸的占比則從19%增長到32%。“

數(shù)據(jù)表明,住房市場給普通購房者帶來的負擔比疫情前變得“更加沉重”,可能需要一些時間才能達到供需平衡。美國銀行預計美聯(lián)儲會在明年降息。之后,他們寫道,隨著供需關系的改善,與住房相關的各種活動應該會有所回升。根據(jù)經(jīng)濟學家的預計,存量房屋銷售(目前處于十多年來的最低速度)和新房銷售都將在明年下半年“回暖”,同時加強建設以支持新建住房項目開工。換言之,美國銀行是在違背良心下賭注,意在讓我們所有人都變成(住房)懦夫,使人們對參與和住房有關的活動感到擔憂和恐懼。(財富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:郝秀

審校:汪皓

This housing market has Bank of America economists in a Shakespearean mood about the eternal debate: The slings and arrows of buying versus renting. In a recently released Hamlet-esque research note, “To buy or not to buy, that is the question,” BofA economists found that buying, to paraphrase the prince of Denmark, is an outrageous fortune these days.

Mortgage rates have created a sea of troubles for homebuyers, hitting the once-unthinkable 8% mark before falling for weeks in the wake of cooler-than-expected inflation reports and the prospect of an end to the Federal Reserve’s rate hiking cycle. While that’s nobler in the mind in terms of affordability, home prices have still risen substantially in just three years, and consumers don’t think it’s a good time to buy, the economists said, citing a University of Michigan consumer sentiment survey. The economists also suggested that buyers should anticipate the undiscovered country of a higher-for-longer rate environment (echoing other investment banks who have said as much.)

At the same time, rents have gone up substantially as well—only recently has rent growth slowed as the rental market softens. “It clearly has not been a buyers’ market due to low affordability, but the situation has not been all that much better in the rental market,” they wrote in the note.

‘Rent was still cheaper than mortgages in all but two’

The BofA economists took a look at the rent versus buy conundrum, comparing rent and mortgage payments (they included property taxes in their calculation, but excluded home insurance, utilities and maintenance costs). Nonetheless, their analysis found that “rent was still cheaper than mortgages in all but two of 97 major Metro Areas,” as of October, despite the fact that both rents and mortgage payments have gotten more expensive, relative to median income, since the pandemic. It’s not hard to understand this, given that the whips and scorns of the pandemic let millions perchance dream of a different way of life—and a different housing situation, sending home prices up more than 40% nationwide and fueling a rent spike that has settled down faster than the buying market.

There’s the rub: It’s worse in some places than others. Along the west coast, economists found it more expensive to purchase a home than rent in cities like Los Angeles, where as a percentage of median income, mortgage payments and tax are 83% and rent is 41%; or San Jose, where it’s 80% versus 26%; or San Francisco, where it’s 71% versus 29%; or San Diego, where it’s 74% versus 38%; or Seattle, where it’s 55% versus 25%.

But there’s also cities like New York, where it’s 62% versus 43%. Meanwhile, New Orleans and Jackson, Mississippi, are the only two cities that are less expensive to buy than rent, according to their analysis.

Realtor.com’s recent rental report, published in late-October, found that for the fifth straight month, rents dropped. “It’s become more economical to rent than to buy in nearly all major markets,” Danielle Hale, chief economist at Realtor.com, said in a statement, at the time. An earlier report showed the cost of buying a starter home was significantly more expensive on a month-to-month basis than the cost of renting a similar-size home; that was true in 47 of the top 50 metros.

The equity question

But then BofA’s pale cast of thought turns to the question of equity. When you buy a home, you build equity over time, all the while the value of your home appreciates. Your home becomes a sort of cash reserve into which you can tap. None of that is true for renting, but that doesn’t mean it’s not a viable option, particularly at this moment.

“A similar story applies to the United States as a whole,” they wrote. “Despite the costs of renting and homeownership both increasing, renting is more affordable than owning. On a national basis, rents have increased from 23% to 26% of median U.S. household income, while the ratio of mortgage payments to income has grown from 19% to 32%.”

The data suggests a housing market that has become “more burdensome” on the average buyer than pre-pandemic—one that’ll take some time before achieving a balance between supply and demand. The investment bank expects the Fed to cut rates next year, and after, they wrote, housing activity should pick up amid improved demand and supply. That being said, the economists expect both existing home sales (which are at their slowest pace in over a decade) and new home sales to “warm up” in the second half of next year, along with more building to support housing starts. In other words, BofA is betting against conscience making (housing) cowards of us all.

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