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精準(zhǔn)做空美債,這位對(duì)沖基金巨頭決定止盈離場(chǎng)

WILL DANIEL
2023-10-26

美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的搖搖欲墜和全球緊張局勢(shì)的加劇,降低了長(zhǎng)期通脹和美國(guó)長(zhǎng)期國(guó)債收益率上升的可能性。

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潘興廣場(chǎng)資本管理公司(Pershing Square Capital)首席執(zhí)行官比爾·阿克曼。圖片來(lái)源:BRYAN BEDDER—GETTY IMAGES FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES

8月2日,億萬(wàn)富翁、對(duì)沖基金巨頭比爾·阿克曼透露,他正在通過(guò)期權(quán)做空30年期美國(guó)國(guó)債,也就是押注這一債券會(huì)下跌。這位潘興廣場(chǎng)資本管理公司的創(chuàng)始人兼首席執(zhí)行官警告,全球經(jīng)濟(jì)的“結(jié)構(gòu)性變化”(包括去全球化、綠色能源轉(zhuǎn)型和員工議價(jià)能力提升)將使美國(guó)進(jìn)入持續(xù)高通脹的時(shí)代,從而導(dǎo)致30年期美國(guó)國(guó)債的收益率升高。(當(dāng)國(guó)債收益率上升時(shí),其價(jià)格就會(huì)下跌。這就是阿克曼做空債券——即押注債券會(huì)下跌——的原因。)

但現(xiàn)在,阿克曼認(rèn)為經(jīng)濟(jì)可能不像看上去那么健康,而且隨著中東和烏克蘭的沖突愈演愈激烈,他決定解除對(duì)30年期美國(guó)國(guó)債將下跌的押注。

阿克曼本周一在X(前身為Twitter)上寫道,“經(jīng)濟(jì)放緩的速度比近期數(shù)據(jù)顯示的要快”,并補(bǔ)充道,“在當(dāng)前的長(zhǎng)期利率水平上,繼續(xù)做空債券的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)過(guò)大。”

美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的搖搖欲墜和全球緊張局勢(shì)的加劇降低了長(zhǎng)期通脹和美國(guó)長(zhǎng)期國(guó)債收益率上升的可能性。若要讓長(zhǎng)期國(guó)債的收益率保持高位,美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)(Federal Reserve)需要在更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間內(nèi)保持較高的利率,但如果美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)真如阿克曼所說(shuō)的那樣正在苦苦掙扎,或國(guó)外戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)持續(xù)升級(jí),那就不太可能實(shí)現(xiàn)了。

本質(zhì)上講,阿克曼退出做空30年期美國(guó)國(guó)債的舉動(dòng)或許表明,他最大的擔(dān)憂正在由利率和通脹上升的經(jīng)濟(jì)過(guò)熱,轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榉啪彽慕?jīng)濟(jì)可能因地緣政治風(fēng)險(xiǎn)而陷入衰退。

阿克曼的債券“大空頭”交易盡管持續(xù)時(shí)間不長(zhǎng),但肯定是盈利的。隨著同比通脹率從6月3%的低點(diǎn)上升到上月的3.7%,并且美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)大體上仍保持鷹派作風(fēng),在阿克曼解除下跌押注時(shí),30年期美國(guó)國(guó)債的收益率已8月2日的4.16%飆升至略高于5%。

這一交易的發(fā)生似乎也恰逢其時(shí)。本周一,在阿克曼宣布平倉(cāng)空頭頭寸前,30年期美國(guó)國(guó)債的收益率達(dá)到5.17%的高位,隨后由于以色列和哈馬斯沖突造成的死亡人數(shù)不斷上升,投資者驚慌不已,導(dǎo)致收益率回落至5%以下。

當(dāng)然,正如市場(chǎng)上通常發(fā)生的那樣,并不是所有人都贊同阿克曼關(guān)于通脹、利率以及國(guó)債收益率未來(lái)走勢(shì)的看法。

西北互助人壽保險(xiǎn)公司(Northwestern Mutual)的首席投資官布倫特·舒特周一在一份報(bào)告中解釋說(shuō),工資增長(zhǎng)率“仍然過(guò)高,很可能不利于實(shí)現(xiàn)將通脹率降至2%的目標(biāo)”。他指出,最近的零售銷售報(bào)告表明消費(fèi)者支出依然強(qiáng)勁,這意味著美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)可能必須將利率維持在高于預(yù)期的水平,以確保物價(jià)更加穩(wěn)定。

摩根士丹利財(cái)富管理公司(Morgan Stanley Wealth Management)的首席投資官麗莎·莎萊特警告稱,由于華盛頓陷入政治僵局,加之聯(lián)邦赤字達(dá)到歷史高位,投資者仍然表現(xiàn)出對(duì)財(cái)政不穩(wěn)定的擔(dān)憂。為此,他們可能會(huì)要求就持有國(guó)債獲得更多的補(bǔ)償,也就是更高的收益率。

莎萊特周一在一份報(bào)告中寫道:“美國(guó)國(guó)債跌勢(shì)的日益加劇,反映出債券投資者希望就風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素的不斷增加獲得補(bǔ)償。如今愈發(fā)不容忽視的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素包括地緣政治不穩(wěn)定的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和財(cái)政支出需求增加的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)——美國(guó)本就已經(jīng)難以為赤字融資。另外,華盛頓的動(dòng)向、美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)的政策以及美元的匯率水平和作為儲(chǔ)備貨幣的地位等方面的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)也漸漸凸顯。”(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:中慧言-劉嘉歡

8月2日,億萬(wàn)富翁、對(duì)沖基金巨頭比爾·阿克曼透露,他正在通過(guò)期權(quán)做空30年期美國(guó)國(guó)債,也就是押注這一債券會(huì)下跌。這位潘興廣場(chǎng)資本管理公司的創(chuàng)始人兼首席執(zhí)行官警告,全球經(jīng)濟(jì)的“結(jié)構(gòu)性變化”(包括去全球化、綠色能源轉(zhuǎn)型和員工議價(jià)能力提升)將使美國(guó)進(jìn)入持續(xù)高通脹的時(shí)代,從而導(dǎo)致30年期美國(guó)國(guó)債的收益率升高。(當(dāng)國(guó)債收益率上升時(shí),其價(jià)格就會(huì)下跌。這就是阿克曼做空債券——即押注債券會(huì)下跌——的原因。)

但現(xiàn)在,阿克曼認(rèn)為經(jīng)濟(jì)可能不像看上去那么健康,而且隨著中東和烏克蘭的沖突愈演愈激烈,他決定解除對(duì)30年期美國(guó)國(guó)債將下跌的押注。

阿克曼本周一在X(前身為Twitter)上寫道,“經(jīng)濟(jì)放緩的速度比近期數(shù)據(jù)顯示的要快”,并補(bǔ)充道,“在當(dāng)前的長(zhǎng)期利率水平上,繼續(xù)做空債券的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)過(guò)大。”

美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的搖搖欲墜和全球緊張局勢(shì)的加劇降低了長(zhǎng)期通脹和美國(guó)長(zhǎng)期國(guó)債收益率上升的可能性。若要讓長(zhǎng)期國(guó)債的收益率保持高位,美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)(Federal Reserve)需要在更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間內(nèi)保持較高的利率,但如果美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)真如阿克曼所說(shuō)的那樣正在苦苦掙扎,或國(guó)外戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)持續(xù)升級(jí),那就不太可能實(shí)現(xiàn)了。

本質(zhì)上講,阿克曼退出做空30年期美國(guó)國(guó)債的舉動(dòng)或許表明,他最大的擔(dān)憂正在由利率和通脹上升的經(jīng)濟(jì)過(guò)熱,轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榉啪彽慕?jīng)濟(jì)可能因地緣政治風(fēng)險(xiǎn)而陷入衰退。

阿克曼的債券“大空頭”交易盡管持續(xù)時(shí)間不長(zhǎng),但肯定是盈利的。隨著同比通脹率從6月3%的低點(diǎn)上升到上月的3.7%,并且美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)大體上仍保持鷹派作風(fēng),在阿克曼解除下跌押注時(shí),30年期美國(guó)國(guó)債的收益率已8月2日的4.16%飆升至略高于5%。

這一交易的發(fā)生似乎也恰逢其時(shí)。本周一,在阿克曼宣布平倉(cāng)空頭頭寸前,30年期美國(guó)國(guó)債的收益率達(dá)到5.17%的高位,隨后由于以色列和哈馬斯沖突造成的死亡人數(shù)不斷上升,投資者驚慌不已,導(dǎo)致收益率回落至5%以下。

當(dāng)然,正如市場(chǎng)上通常發(fā)生的那樣,并不是所有人都贊同阿克曼關(guān)于通脹、利率以及國(guó)債收益率未來(lái)走勢(shì)的看法。

西北互助人壽保險(xiǎn)公司(Northwestern Mutual)的首席投資官布倫特·舒特周一在一份報(bào)告中解釋說(shuō),工資增長(zhǎng)率“仍然過(guò)高,很可能不利于實(shí)現(xiàn)將通脹率降至2%的目標(biāo)”。他指出,最近的零售銷售報(bào)告表明消費(fèi)者支出依然強(qiáng)勁,這意味著美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)可能必須將利率維持在高于預(yù)期的水平,以確保物價(jià)更加穩(wěn)定。

摩根士丹利財(cái)富管理公司(Morgan Stanley Wealth Management)的首席投資官麗莎·莎萊特警告稱,由于華盛頓陷入政治僵局,加之聯(lián)邦赤字達(dá)到歷史高位,投資者仍然表現(xiàn)出對(duì)財(cái)政不穩(wěn)定的擔(dān)憂。為此,他們可能會(huì)要求就持有國(guó)債獲得更多的補(bǔ)償,也就是更高的收益率。

莎萊特周一在一份報(bào)告中寫道:“美國(guó)國(guó)債跌勢(shì)的日益加劇,反映出債券投資者希望就風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素的不斷增加獲得補(bǔ)償。如今愈發(fā)不容忽視的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素包括地緣政治不穩(wěn)定的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和財(cái)政支出需求增加的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)——美國(guó)本就已經(jīng)難以為赤字融資。另外,華盛頓的動(dòng)向、美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)的政策以及美元的匯率水平和作為儲(chǔ)備貨幣的地位等方面的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)也漸漸凸顯。”(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:中慧言-劉嘉歡

On Aug. 2, billionaire hedge fund titan Bill Ackman revealed he was shorting, or betting against, 30-year Treasury bonds using options. The founder and CEO of Pershing Square Capital Management warned that “structural changes” to the global economy—including deglobalization, the green-energy transition, and increased worker bargaining power—would lead to an era of persistently higher inflation and, consequently, higher 30-year Treasury yields. (When Treasury bond yields rise, Treasury bond prices fall. This is why Ackman was shorting, or betting against, bonds.)

But now, Ackman believes that the economy may not be as healthy as it seems, and with conflicts in the Middle East and Ukraine raging, he’s decided to end his bet against 30-year Treasury bonds.

“The economy is slowing faster than recent data suggests,” Ackman wrote in a Monday post on X, formerly Twitter, adding that “there is too much risk in the world to remain short bonds at current long-term rates.”

A flailing U.S. economy and elevated global tensions reduce the likelihood of prolonged inflation or higher long-term Treasury yields. For long-term yields to remain elevated, the Federal Reserve would need to keep interest rates higher for longer, but that’s unlikely if the economy truly is struggling, as Ackman says, or if foreign wars escalate.

Essentially, Ackman’s move to exit his short against the 30-year Treasury could be a sign that his main fear is shifting from an overheated economy featuring higher interest rates and inflation to a slowing economy that could fall into recession amid geopolitical risks.

Although short-lived, Ackman’s big bond short was certainly profitable, though it’s unclear exactly how much money he made. With year-over-year inflation rising from its June low of 3% to 3.7% last month and the Fed remaining mostly hawkish, the 30-year Treasury yield surged from 4.16% on Aug. 2 to just over 5% when Ackman ended his bet.

The trade also appears to have been well-timed. On Monday, the 30-year Treasury yield rose as high as 5.17% before Ackman announced he’d exited his short position and news of the rising death toll in the Israel-Hamas conflict spooked investors, sending the yield back below 5%.

Of course, as is always the case in markets, not everyone agrees with Ackman when it comes to the future of inflation, interest rates, and by extension Treasury yields.

Brent Schutte, chief investment officer at Northwestern Mutual Wealth Management Co., explained in a Monday note that wage growth is “still too high and likely incompatible with bringing inflation down to 2%.” He noted that consumer spending remains strong as well, as evidenced by recent retail sales reports, meaning the Fed may have to hold interest rates at a higher level than expected to ensure prices are more stable.

Lisa Shalett, chief investment officer at Morgan Stanley Wealth Management, warned that investors are still worried about fiscal instability as well amid political gridlock in Washington and record federal deficits. This could lead them to require more compensation for holding Treasuries in the form of higher yields.

“The growing rout in Treasuries reflects bond investors’ desire to be compensated for an expanding list of risks, which now increasingly include geopolitical instability and demands on fiscal spending, as the country already struggles to finance its deficit,” Shalett wrote in a Monday note. “Developments in Washington, Fed policy, and the level of the U.S. dollar and its role as a reserve currency loom large.”

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