巴勒斯坦激進(jìn)組織哈馬斯突然對(duì)以色列多地發(fā)動(dòng)襲擊,這可能引發(fā)以色列對(duì)加沙地帶的大規(guī)模軍事報(bào)復(fù),戰(zhàn)火甚至可能蔓延到中東地區(qū)以外。
哈馬斯對(duì)以色列進(jìn)行了滲透,逮捕了士兵和平民,并發(fā)射了數(shù)千枚火箭彈。這次突然襲擊正值一個(gè)外交敏感時(shí)期,而且選在了以色列脆弱的時(shí)刻。一直有分析師警告敵人可能抓住這段時(shí)間攻擊以色列。
以色列正在與美國(guó)和沙特談判一項(xiàng)復(fù)雜的三邊協(xié)議。根據(jù)該協(xié)議,美國(guó)政府將為沙特提供安全保障。而沙特則將與以色列實(shí)現(xiàn)關(guān)系正?;R陨羞€在與土耳其和其他國(guó)家討論向歐洲出口天然氣以及亞洲貿(mào)易走廊的問(wèn)題。
以色列內(nèi)部的政治動(dòng)蕩導(dǎo)致其處于脆弱狀態(tài)。去年4月,以色列遭到從加沙、黎巴嫩和敘利亞發(fā)射的火箭彈的攻擊,曾短暫同時(shí)三面受敵。沖突的導(dǎo)火索是以色列猶太人進(jìn)入了耶路撒冷阿克薩清真寺。過(guò)去一周也發(fā)生了同樣的情況。
前以色列國(guó)家安全顧問(wèn)吉奧拉·艾蘭德在記者簡(jiǎn)報(bào)會(huì)上表示:“我不能排除以色列同時(shí)面對(duì)多個(gè)戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)的可能性,這將對(duì)以色列造成極其嚴(yán)重的威脅?!钡硎荆陨懈鼉A向于一次面對(duì)一個(gè)敵人,不會(huì)很快與其他方交戰(zhàn)。
幾個(gè)月來(lái),以色列官方一直表示,伊朗支持和資助的巴勒斯坦激進(jìn)組織正在策劃暴力行動(dòng),以色列已經(jīng)做好了反擊的準(zhǔn)備。盡管如此,周六在安息日和猶太人節(jié)日發(fā)生的攻擊,令以色列措手不及,這會(huì)加劇受傷害的感覺(jué),從而影響以色列的反擊。
戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)狀態(tài)
以色列總理本杰明·內(nèi)塔尼亞胡是國(guó)內(nèi)每周一次反政府示威的焦點(diǎn)。在以色列遭遇攻擊之后,他可能找到一個(gè)團(tuán)結(jié)全國(guó)的機(jī)會(huì),爭(zhēng)取反對(duì)派的支持,做出強(qiáng)有力的回應(yīng)。計(jì)劃在周六晚上舉行的反政府示威已被取消。
內(nèi)塔尼亞胡在錄制的視頻聲明中表示:“以色列公民們,我們處于戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)狀態(tài)。這不是一次軍事行動(dòng),也不是幾輪相互攻擊。我們處于戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)狀態(tài)。”他還表示:“敵人將付出前所未有的代價(jià)?!?/p>
此次沖突可能進(jìn)一步影響以色列金融市場(chǎng)。今年,政府弱化法官權(quán)力的計(jì)劃遭到大規(guī)模抗議,已經(jīng)沖擊到以色列金融市場(chǎng)。以色列貨幣謝克爾兌美元貶值了約9%,這是彭博社跟蹤的主要貨幣中表現(xiàn)最糟糕的貨幣之一,與此同時(shí),對(duì)以色列科技行業(yè)的投資大幅減少。
以色列上一次在加沙地帶對(duì)哈馬斯發(fā)起大規(guī)模軍事行動(dòng)是在2014年。行動(dòng)持續(xù)了七周,造成2,000多名巴勒斯坦人和數(shù)十名以色列人死亡。
約旦河西岸風(fēng)險(xiǎn)
以色列與沙特的協(xié)議中預(yù)計(jì)涉及以色列在約旦河西岸相關(guān)事務(wù)上做出讓步,以增強(qiáng)巴勒斯坦當(dāng)局的權(quán)力和增加巴勒斯坦獨(dú)立建國(guó)的可能性。如果最近的襲擊導(dǎo)致以色列對(duì)約旦河西岸地區(qū)發(fā)起軍事行動(dòng),這條協(xié)議可能變得岌岌可危。
沙特之所以希望美國(guó)做出安全保障,部分原因是其自身對(duì)伊朗的擔(dān)憂。如果伊朗被證實(shí)參與了周六對(duì)以色列的攻擊并且扮演了關(guān)鍵角色,這可能會(huì)影響談判的結(jié)果。
目前已經(jīng)確認(rèn)沖突造成以色列40人死亡,數(shù)百人受傷。以色列動(dòng)員了成千上萬(wàn)的預(yù)備役軍人。在加沙,哈馬斯衛(wèi)生部門表示,以色列的報(bào)復(fù)行動(dòng)造成了500人受傷入院。
在哈馬斯入侵以色列幾個(gè)小時(shí)后,以色列士兵仍在南部五六個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)和至少一座軍事基地與敵軍交火。哈馬斯的武裝人員似乎占領(lǐng)了以色列境內(nèi)的一座集體農(nóng)場(chǎng),并將以色列人作為俘虜。
此次襲擊被普遍認(rèn)為是自50年前,敘利亞和埃及突然對(duì)以色列發(fā)起戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)以來(lái),以色列國(guó)防方面最嚴(yán)重的漏洞,這給內(nèi)塔尼亞胡帶來(lái)了更大壓力。
前以色列軍方發(fā)言人喬納森·康利克斯表示:“這看起來(lái)像是以色列情報(bào)部門的一次巨大失誤。我們看得出來(lái),此次襲擊經(jīng)過(guò)長(zhǎng)期縝密的策劃,情報(bào)部門本應(yīng)能發(fā)現(xiàn)蛛絲馬跡。這是非常棘手的問(wèn)題,必須給出艱難的答案?!?/p>
伊朗問(wèn)題
康利克斯至少間接譴責(zé)伊朗在幕后支持此次攻擊,而且他猜測(cè)以色列可能不止在加沙地帶做出回應(yīng)。
在伊朗支持的激進(jìn)組織真主黨所在的黎巴嫩邊境,以色列軍方正在增強(qiáng)防御,并密切關(guān)注約旦河西岸以色列占領(lǐng)區(qū)的狀況。
以色列軍方發(fā)言人理查德·赫克特中校表示,哈馬斯通過(guò)陸路、海路和空中發(fā)動(dòng)襲擊,以色列將對(duì)此次意外行動(dòng)展開(kāi)調(diào)查。
曾在軍事情報(bào)部門任職的退休中校米利·艾森表示,現(xiàn)在的問(wèn)題是沖突會(huì)如何升級(jí)。艾森目前是以色列賴赫曼大學(xué)(Reichman University)一家反恐研究院的負(fù)責(zé)人。她說(shuō)道,這是否會(huì)引發(fā)更大規(guī)模的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),這是“一個(gè)至關(guān)重要的問(wèn)題。如果伊朗參與了此次襲擊,我們是否為應(yīng)對(duì)下一個(gè)階段的行動(dòng),提前做好了準(zhǔn)備?”(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))
—— 本文得到了加利特·阿爾斯通和保羅·華萊士的協(xié)助。
翻譯:劉進(jìn)龍
審校:汪皓
巴勒斯坦激進(jìn)組織哈馬斯突然對(duì)以色列多地發(fā)動(dòng)襲擊,這可能引發(fā)以色列對(duì)加沙地帶的大規(guī)模軍事報(bào)復(fù),戰(zhàn)火甚至可能蔓延到中東地區(qū)以外。
哈馬斯對(duì)以色列進(jìn)行了滲透,逮捕了士兵和平民,并發(fā)射了數(shù)千枚火箭彈。這次突然襲擊正值一個(gè)外交敏感時(shí)期,而且選在了以色列脆弱的時(shí)刻。一直有分析師警告敵人可能抓住這段時(shí)間攻擊以色列。
以色列正在與美國(guó)和沙特談判一項(xiàng)復(fù)雜的三邊協(xié)議。根據(jù)該協(xié)議,美國(guó)政府將為沙特提供安全保障。而沙特則將與以色列實(shí)現(xiàn)關(guān)系正常化。以色列還在與土耳其和其他國(guó)家討論向歐洲出口天然氣以及亞洲貿(mào)易走廊的問(wèn)題。
以色列內(nèi)部的政治動(dòng)蕩導(dǎo)致其處于脆弱狀態(tài)。去年4月,以色列遭到從加沙、黎巴嫩和敘利亞發(fā)射的火箭彈的攻擊,曾短暫同時(shí)三面受敵。沖突的導(dǎo)火索是以色列猶太人進(jìn)入了耶路撒冷阿克薩清真寺。過(guò)去一周也發(fā)生了同樣的情況。
前以色列國(guó)家安全顧問(wèn)吉奧拉·艾蘭德在記者簡(jiǎn)報(bào)會(huì)上表示:“我不能排除以色列同時(shí)面對(duì)多個(gè)戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)的可能性,這將對(duì)以色列造成極其嚴(yán)重的威脅。”但他表示,以色列更傾向于一次面對(duì)一個(gè)敵人,不會(huì)很快與其他方交戰(zhàn)。
幾個(gè)月來(lái),以色列官方一直表示,伊朗支持和資助的巴勒斯坦激進(jìn)組織正在策劃暴力行動(dòng),以色列已經(jīng)做好了反擊的準(zhǔn)備。盡管如此,周六在安息日和猶太人節(jié)日發(fā)生的攻擊,令以色列措手不及,這會(huì)加劇受傷害的感覺(jué),從而影響以色列的反擊。
戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)狀態(tài)
以色列總理本杰明·內(nèi)塔尼亞胡是國(guó)內(nèi)每周一次反政府示威的焦點(diǎn)。在以色列遭遇攻擊之后,他可能找到一個(gè)團(tuán)結(jié)全國(guó)的機(jī)會(huì),爭(zhēng)取反對(duì)派的支持,做出強(qiáng)有力的回應(yīng)。計(jì)劃在周六晚上舉行的反政府示威已被取消。
內(nèi)塔尼亞胡在錄制的視頻聲明中表示:“以色列公民們,我們處于戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)狀態(tài)。這不是一次軍事行動(dòng),也不是幾輪相互攻擊。我們處于戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)狀態(tài)。”他還表示:“敵人將付出前所未有的代價(jià)?!?/p>
此次沖突可能進(jìn)一步影響以色列金融市場(chǎng)。今年,政府弱化法官權(quán)力的計(jì)劃遭到大規(guī)模抗議,已經(jīng)沖擊到以色列金融市場(chǎng)。以色列貨幣謝克爾兌美元貶值了約9%,這是彭博社跟蹤的主要貨幣中表現(xiàn)最糟糕的貨幣之一,與此同時(shí),對(duì)以色列科技行業(yè)的投資大幅減少。
以色列上一次在加沙地帶對(duì)哈馬斯發(fā)起大規(guī)模軍事行動(dòng)是在2014年。行動(dòng)持續(xù)了七周,造成2,000多名巴勒斯坦人和數(shù)十名以色列人死亡。
約旦河西岸風(fēng)險(xiǎn)
以色列與沙特的協(xié)議中預(yù)計(jì)涉及以色列在約旦河西岸相關(guān)事務(wù)上做出讓步,以增強(qiáng)巴勒斯坦當(dāng)局的權(quán)力和增加巴勒斯坦獨(dú)立建國(guó)的可能性。如果最近的襲擊導(dǎo)致以色列對(duì)約旦河西岸地區(qū)發(fā)起軍事行動(dòng),這條協(xié)議可能變得岌岌可危。
沙特之所以希望美國(guó)做出安全保障,部分原因是其自身對(duì)伊朗的擔(dān)憂。如果伊朗被證實(shí)參與了周六對(duì)以色列的攻擊并且扮演了關(guān)鍵角色,這可能會(huì)影響談判的結(jié)果。
目前已經(jīng)確認(rèn)沖突造成以色列40人死亡,數(shù)百人受傷。以色列動(dòng)員了成千上萬(wàn)的預(yù)備役軍人。在加沙,哈馬斯衛(wèi)生部門表示,以色列的報(bào)復(fù)行動(dòng)造成了500人受傷入院。
在哈馬斯入侵以色列幾個(gè)小時(shí)后,以色列士兵仍在南部五六個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)和至少一座軍事基地與敵軍交火。哈馬斯的武裝人員似乎占領(lǐng)了以色列境內(nèi)的一座集體農(nóng)場(chǎng),并將以色列人作為俘虜。
此次襲擊被普遍認(rèn)為是自50年前,敘利亞和埃及突然對(duì)以色列發(fā)起戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)以來(lái),以色列國(guó)防方面最嚴(yán)重的漏洞,這給內(nèi)塔尼亞胡帶來(lái)了更大壓力。
前以色列軍方發(fā)言人喬納森·康利克斯表示:“這看起來(lái)像是以色列情報(bào)部門的一次巨大失誤。我們看得出來(lái),此次襲擊經(jīng)過(guò)長(zhǎng)期縝密的策劃,情報(bào)部門本應(yīng)能發(fā)現(xiàn)蛛絲馬跡。這是非常棘手的問(wèn)題,必須給出艱難的答案。”
伊朗問(wèn)題
康利克斯至少間接譴責(zé)伊朗在幕后支持此次攻擊,而且他猜測(cè)以色列可能不止在加沙地帶做出回應(yīng)。
在伊朗支持的激進(jìn)組織真主黨所在的黎巴嫩邊境,以色列軍方正在增強(qiáng)防御,并密切關(guān)注約旦河西岸以色列占領(lǐng)區(qū)的狀況。
以色列軍方發(fā)言人理查德·赫克特中校表示,哈馬斯通過(guò)陸路、海路和空中發(fā)動(dòng)襲擊,以色列將對(duì)此次意外行動(dòng)展開(kāi)調(diào)查。
曾在軍事情報(bào)部門任職的退休中校米利·艾森表示,現(xiàn)在的問(wèn)題是沖突會(huì)如何升級(jí)。艾森目前是以色列賴赫曼大學(xué)(Reichman University)一家反恐研究院的負(fù)責(zé)人。她說(shuō)道,這是否會(huì)引發(fā)更大規(guī)模的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),這是“一個(gè)至關(guān)重要的問(wèn)題。如果伊朗參與了此次襲擊,我們是否為應(yīng)對(duì)下一個(gè)階段的行動(dòng),提前做好了準(zhǔn)備?”(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))
—— 本文得到了加利特·阿爾斯通和保羅·華萊士的協(xié)助。
翻譯:劉進(jìn)龍
審校:汪皓
Rescue teams at work near the southern city of Sderot on Saturday after the Palestinian militant group Hamas launched a large-scale surprise attack on Israel.
A surprise multifront attack on Israel by the Palestinian group Hamas will likely lead to a massive military retaliation on Gaza and possibly to a wider conflagration with repercussions beyond the Middle East.
The flare-up — involving infiltrations, capture of soldiers and civilians, and thousands of rockets — comes at a time of enormous diplomatic sensitivity and a moment of weakness for Israel that analysts have been warning its enemies might seek to exploit.
The country is in negotiations with the US and Saudi Arabia on a complex three-way deal in which Washington would offer security guarantees to Riyadh. The Saudis, for their part, would normalize relations with Israel. Israel has also been talking with Turkey and others about gas exports to Europe along with corridors for trade from Asia.
Internally, Israel has been embroiled in political turmoil that left it vulnerable. Last April, the nation found itself briefly engaged on three fronts simultaneously — Gaza, Lebanon and Syria — after rocket fire came from all three. Part of the trigger was that Israeli Jews entered the grounds of the al Aqsa mosque compound in Jerusalem. This past week, that too occurred.
“I can’t exclude a multi arena war that will cause a very very severe threat to the state of Israel,” Giora Eiland, a former national security adviser in Israel, said in a briefing with journalists. He added, though, that Israel prefers to fight one enemy at a time and would not be quick to open another front.
Israeli officials have been saying for months that Palestinian militant groups, guided and funded by Iran, were preparing for violence and that Israel was ready to strike back. That said, Saturday’s attack on the Sabbath and Jewish holiday caught the country distinctly by surprise, adding to a sense of injury that could feed its response.
Nation at War
Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, the focus of the weekly anti-government demonstrations, will likely find a moment of national unity after the attack, leading opposition politicians to back a strong response. The protest that was due to take place on Saturday night was called off.
“Citizens of Israel, we are at war,” Netanyahu said in a videotaped statement. “Not in an operation. Not some back-and-forth. At war.” He added: “The enemy will pay a price it has never known.”
The conflict could further weigh on Israeli financial markets, which have been roiled this year due to mass protests against a government plan to weaken the power of judges. The shekel is down almost 9% against the dollar, one of the worst performances among major currencies tracked by Bloomberg, while investment in Israel’s tech sector has plunged.
The last major Israeli military operation against Hamas in Gaza was in 2014. It lasted for seven weeks and killed more than 2,000 Palestinians there along with dozens of Israelis.
West Bank Risk
Part of the Saudi deal is expected to involve Israeli concessions in the West Bank to strengthen the Palestinian Authority and add to the possibility of an independent Palestinian state. That arrangement will be in jeopardy should the latest fighting lead Israel to extend its operation into the West Bank.
Saudi Arabia wants US protection assurances partly because of its own concerns about Iran. If Iran is shown to be playing a key role in Saturday’s attack on Israel, that could affect those negotiations.
In the current fighting, 40 deaths have been confirmed in Israel as have hundreds of wounded. Thousands of Israeli reservists have been called up. In Gaza, the Hamas health ministry said Israeli retaliatory strikes had injured more than 500 who’d been taken to hospital.
Hours after the infiltrations began, Israeli soldiers were still in live-fire confrontations in half a dozen towns in the south and at least one military base. Hamas operatives seemed to have taken over a collective farm inside Israel, taking Israelis captive.
Adding to the pressure on Netanyahu, the attack is being widely described as the worst lapse of Israeli defense since Syria and Egypt launched an unexpected war on the country 50 years ago.
“This appears to be a colossal intelligence failure by the Israeli establishment,” said Jonathan Conricus, a former Israeli military spokesman. “What we are seeing indicates long and meticulous planning that should have been picked up. Very tough questions are being asked and hard answers will have to be given.”
Iran Question
Conricus blamed Iran, at least indirectly, for being behind the attack and speculated that the Israeli response could spread beyond Gaza.
The military is ramping up its defenses near the border with Lebanon where Iranian-backed militant group Hezbollah operates and is also paying close attention to developments in the occupied West Bank.
Lieutenant-Colonel Richard Hecht, a spokesman for the Israel Defense Forces, said the infiltrators came via road, sea and air and that the surprise of the operation would be investigated.
The issue now is how the confrontation escalates, said Miri Eisen, a retired colonel who worked in military intelligence and now runs a counter-terrorism institute at Reichman University in Israel. Whether this will lead to a bigger war “is the $64,000 question,” she said. “If Iran has a finger in this, do we now preempt against the next stage?”
— With assistance by Galit Altstein and Paul Wallac