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為何專家說經(jīng)濟一片大好,市場的情緒卻不樂觀?

ALICIA ADAMCZYK
2023-08-08

“我的許多客戶仍然很謹慎,因為他們還是能感受到痛苦,卻道不出原因,而這讓他們感到害怕。”

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圖片來源:STEFANI REYNOLDS/GETTY IMAGES

從各方面來看,美國的經(jīng)濟狀況都相當不錯:失業(yè)率偏低(尤其是在正值黃金工作年齡的群體中),人們對經(jīng)濟衰退的擔憂正在減弱,消費者支出穩(wěn)健,工資增長也終于超過了通脹率。

然而,當瀏覽社交媒體或與朋友交談時,你會發(fā)現(xiàn),那些好消息似乎并未引起大眾的共鳴。哥倫比亞廣播公司(CBS)不久前的一項投票調(diào)查顯示,61%的受訪者認為美國經(jīng)濟正“舉步維艱”,而且當讓受訪者選擇用良好或糟糕來描述美國經(jīng)濟狀況時,65%的人選擇了后者。市場情緒為何會與數(shù)據(jù)分析結論脫節(jié)?

簡言之:事實和數(shù)據(jù)并不是總能準確地反映出人們對生活經(jīng)歷的感受。就美國經(jīng)濟而言,多年來的物價上漲和對經(jīng)濟衰退的擔憂讓一些家庭對未來感到恐懼。正如一些評論者所說的,“經(jīng)濟衰退氛圍”(vibecession)依然濃厚。

大急流城EFG Financial的信托投資顧問凱利?吉爾伯特(Kelly Gilbert)表示:“2023年上半年的經(jīng)濟新聞大多是關于大型科技公司裁員、利率上升以及銀行倒閉的消息。因此,即使在未失業(yè)的情況下,美國人也一直在提心吊膽地等待最終命運的降臨。”

通脹或許正在放緩,但整體趨勢并未出現(xiàn)逆轉:從食品到住房等各項消費品的價格仍然比幾年前昂貴得多(且核心通脹率依然很高)。雖然工資可能正在上漲,但其過去兩年的漲幅卻趕不上通脹速度。事實上,現(xiàn)在的實際工資相比疫情前幾乎沒有增加,這意味著美國家庭在三年多的時間里沒有真正獲得加薪。還有許多方面亟需改善,這對于人們來說比頭條上的就業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)重要多了。

以雜貨為例。食品價格每年的漲幅通常為2%左右。但從2021年到2022年,該數(shù)值卻高達11%,而且物價在此前的2021年就已經(jīng)大幅上漲。美國勞工統(tǒng)計局(U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics)的數(shù)據(jù)顯示,食品是普通家庭預算中的第三大支出(僅次于住房和交通)——他們或許能夠削減一些不必要的的家庭支出,但卻無法避免飲食方面的花銷。

住房成本也是一個重要因素。那些在2020年利率最低時期沒有能力購買住房的人如今感到在可預見的未來將購房無望。不只是他們無法負擔起剛剛經(jīng)歷完三年暴漲的高昂房價,而且買了房子的人也不愿意將房子出售而失去最優(yōu)利率。租房者只能花費明顯更高的成本來租賃面積小得多的住房。另一方面,雖然房主從房價的飆升中受益,但他們并不能每天都輕松抓住機遇。

美國銀行(Bank of America)的客戶服務與社區(qū)銀行業(yè)務主管克里斯蒂娜·錢內(nèi)爾斯(Christine Channels)表示,這種焦慮情緒在Z世代中尤為盛行。尤其是考慮到房價飛漲,年輕一代如今都努力存錢,量入為出。

錢內(nèi)爾斯說:“雖然經(jīng)濟正在好轉,但普通消費者的荷包并沒有從中得到好處。”

因為美聯(lián)儲的加息舉措,那些擁有債務的美國人如今要支付更多的利息。儲蓄率也許會隨之上升,但借款成本的增加對消費者預算的影響可能更大(而且從心理上來說,會助長我們的消極偏見)。此外,幾個月后,當聯(lián)邦學生貸款償付恢復,數(shù)千萬人將會再增加幾百美元的債務負擔。

即使是年薪六位數(shù)的人也體驗到了痛楚。盡管這些勞動者擁有高水平的收入,但其中越來越多的人稱自己是月光族,這凸顯了通脹對他們的打擊。

而且,在過去一年多的時間里,關于經(jīng)濟衰退的預測不絕于耳。雖然經(jīng)濟還未真正出現(xiàn)衰退(至少目前還沒有),但考慮到一個接一個的頭條新聞都在說經(jīng)濟即將崩潰,人們會認為經(jīng)濟正在下滑也無可厚非。

盡管如此,據(jù)密歇根大學(University of Michigan)消費者信心指數(shù)——7月份上升8.2點至72.6,達到自2021年9月以來的最高值——顯示,美國的經(jīng)濟氛圍已經(jīng)開始改善。隨著股市反彈和天然氣價格同比明顯下跌,市場情緒可能會繼續(xù)高漲。

不過,如今美國家庭必需品成本增加、儲蓄減少且信用卡債務破記錄,而且消費者信心仍低于新冠疫情前的水平。市場的反彈也并沒有太大的意義,因為投資者還遠沒有挽回2022年的損失。

吉爾伯特表示:“我的許多客戶仍然很謹慎,因為他們還是能感受到痛苦,卻道不出原因,而這讓他們感到害怕。”(財富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:中慧言-劉嘉歡

從各方面來看,美國的經(jīng)濟狀況都相當不錯:失業(yè)率偏低(尤其是在正值黃金工作年齡的群體中),人們對經(jīng)濟衰退的擔憂正在減弱,消費者支出穩(wěn)健,工資增長也終于超過了通脹率。

然而,當瀏覽社交媒體或與朋友交談時,你會發(fā)現(xiàn),那些好消息似乎并未引起大眾的共鳴。哥倫比亞廣播公司(CBS)不久前的一項投票調(diào)查顯示,61%的受訪者認為美國經(jīng)濟正“舉步維艱”,而且當讓受訪者選擇用良好或糟糕來描述美國經(jīng)濟狀況時,65%的人選擇了后者。市場情緒為何會與數(shù)據(jù)分析結論脫節(jié)?

簡言之:事實和數(shù)據(jù)并不是總能準確地反映出人們對生活經(jīng)歷的感受。就美國經(jīng)濟而言,多年來的物價上漲和對經(jīng)濟衰退的擔憂讓一些家庭對未來感到恐懼。正如一些評論者所說的,“經(jīng)濟衰退氛圍”(vibecession)依然濃厚。

大急流城EFG Financial的信托投資顧問凱利?吉爾伯特(Kelly Gilbert)表示:“2023年上半年的經(jīng)濟新聞大多是關于大型科技公司裁員、利率上升以及銀行倒閉的消息。因此,即使在未失業(yè)的情況下,美國人也一直在提心吊膽地等待最終命運的降臨。”

通脹或許正在放緩,但整體趨勢并未出現(xiàn)逆轉:從食品到住房等各項消費品的價格仍然比幾年前昂貴得多(且核心通脹率依然很高)。雖然工資可能正在上漲,但其過去兩年的漲幅卻趕不上通脹速度。事實上,現(xiàn)在的實際工資相比疫情前幾乎沒有增加,這意味著美國家庭在三年多的時間里沒有真正獲得加薪。還有許多方面亟需改善,這對于人們來說比頭條上的就業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)重要多了。

以雜貨為例。食品價格每年的漲幅通常為2%左右。但從2021年到2022年,該數(shù)值卻高達11%,而且物價在此前的2021年就已經(jīng)大幅上漲。美國勞工統(tǒng)計局(U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics)的數(shù)據(jù)顯示,食品是普通家庭預算中的第三大支出(僅次于住房和交通)——他們或許能夠削減一些不必要的的家庭支出,但卻無法避免飲食方面的花銷。

住房成本也是一個重要因素。那些在2020年利率最低時期沒有能力購買住房的人如今感到在可預見的未來將購房無望。不只是他們無法負擔起剛剛經(jīng)歷完三年暴漲的高昂房價,而且買了房子的人也不愿意將房子出售而失去最優(yōu)利率。租房者只能花費明顯更高的成本來租賃面積小得多的住房。另一方面,雖然房主從房價的飆升中受益,但他們并不能每天都輕松抓住機遇。

美國銀行(Bank of America)的客戶服務與社區(qū)銀行業(yè)務主管克里斯蒂娜·錢內(nèi)爾斯(Christine Channels)表示,這種焦慮情緒在Z世代中尤為盛行。尤其是考慮到房價飛漲,年輕一代如今都努力存錢,量入為出。

錢內(nèi)爾斯說:“雖然經(jīng)濟正在好轉,但普通消費者的荷包并沒有從中得到好處。”

因為美聯(lián)儲的加息舉措,那些擁有債務的美國人如今要支付更多的利息。儲蓄率也許會隨之上升,但借款成本的增加對消費者預算的影響可能更大(而且從心理上來說,會助長我們的消極偏見)。此外,幾個月后,當聯(lián)邦學生貸款償付恢復,數(shù)千萬人將會再增加幾百美元的債務負擔。

即使是年薪六位數(shù)的人也體驗到了痛楚。盡管這些勞動者擁有高水平的收入,但其中越來越多的人稱自己是月光族,這凸顯了通脹對他們的打擊。

而且,在過去一年多的時間里,關于經(jīng)濟衰退的預測不絕于耳。雖然經(jīng)濟還未真正出現(xiàn)衰退(至少目前還沒有),但考慮到一個接一個的頭條新聞都在說經(jīng)濟即將崩潰,人們會認為經(jīng)濟正在下滑也無可厚非。

盡管如此,據(jù)密歇根大學(University of Michigan)消費者信心指數(shù)——7月份上升8.2點至72.6,達到自2021年9月以來的最高值——顯示,美國的經(jīng)濟氛圍已經(jīng)開始改善。隨著股市反彈和天然氣價格同比明顯下跌,市場情緒可能會繼續(xù)高漲。

不過,如今美國家庭必需品成本增加、儲蓄減少且信用卡債務破記錄,而且消費者信心仍低于新冠疫情前的水平。市場的反彈也并沒有太大的意義,因為投資者還遠沒有挽回2022年的損失。

吉爾伯特表示:“我的許多客戶仍然很謹慎,因為他們還是能感受到痛苦,卻道不出原因,而這讓他們感到害怕。”(財富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:中慧言-劉嘉歡

By all accounts, the U.S. economy is humming along quite nicely. Unemployment is low (especially among Americans in their prime working years), recession fears are abating, consumer spending is healthy, and wage increases are finally beating inflation.

Scroll on social media or talk to your friends, though, and the good news doesn’t seem to be translating. A recent CBS poll found 61% of respondents believe the economy is “struggling,” and, given the choice between good or bad, 65% describe the economy as the latter. Why is there such a disconnect?

The short of it: Facts and figures don’t always line up with how people perceive their lived experience. In the case of the U.S. economy, years of rising prices and recession fears have left some households afraid of what’s to come. The “vibecession,” as some commenters have called it, is alive and well.

“The economic news for the first half of 2023 was dominated with big tech layoffs, rising interest rates, and bank failures,” says Kelly Gilbert, fiduciary investment advisor at EFG Financial in Grand Rapids. “So, while we have jobs, Americans have always been waiting for the other shoe to drop.”

Inflation may be moderating, but it’s not reversing: Everything from food to housing still costs a lot more than it did a few years ago (and core inflation is still high). And while wages may be rising now, they weren’t keeping up with inflation for the past two years. In fact, real wages have barely risen from pre-pandemic levels, meaning families haven’t really gotten a raise in more than three years. There’s a lot of ground to make up, and that matters a lot more to people than a headline jobs number.

Take groceries. Food prices typically increase around 2% a year. But from 2021 to 2022, they increased a whopping 11%, after already increasing significantly in 2021. Food is the third largest expense in the typical family’s budget, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (after housing and transportation)—and while they might be able to trim some superfluous household spending, there’s not much that can be done to avoid eating.

Housing costs also play a big role. Those who weren’t able to buy in the low-rate heyday in 2020 now feel locked out for the foreseeable future. Not only can they not afford the prices, which soared over the past three years, but those who did buy aren’t willing to sell and lose their optimal interest rate. Renters have been left to pay significantly more for significantly less. And while homeowners are benefiting from their home’s soaring value, they can’t tap into it easily day to day.

The angst is especially common among Gen Z, says Christine Channels, head of client services and community banking at Bank of America. The younger generation is struggling to save and spend within their means, given the soaring costs of housing in particular.

“Though the economy is improving, the everyday consumer is not feeling the benefit to their wallet,” says Channels.

Thanks to the Fed’s interest rate campaign, those who have debt are paying a lot more interest on it. Savings rates may be going up in tandem, but the increase in borrowing costs is likely much more of a factor for consumers’ budgets (and, psychologically, plays into our negativity bias). Plus, tens of millions are about to have another multi-hundred-dollar bill added to their plate in a few months when federal student loan payments resume.

Even six-figure earners are feeling the pain. While these workers are at the top of the income spectrum, more and more report living paycheck to paycheck, highlighting inflation’s sting.

And then there was the drumbeat of recession predictions over the past year-plus. Though a recession hasn’t come to fruition (at least, not yet), you’d be forgiven for thinking the economy was tanking given headline after headline about an imminent collapse.

All that said, the vibes are starting to improve, according to the University of Michigan consumer sentiment index, which rose by 8.2 points to 72.6 in July, the highest since September 2021. With the stock market rallying and gas prices significantly lower than they were this time last year, sentiment may keep going up.

Still, families are paying more for essentials, saving less, and accruing record credit card debt—and consumer sentiment is still below pre-pandemic levels. The market’s rally, too, is less meaningful when investors have so far to go to recover their losses from 2022.

“Many of my clients are still cautious because they still feel the pain, but can’t point to why, and that scares them,” says Gilbert.

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