眾所周知,嬰兒潮一代比千禧一代富裕得多,但究竟富裕多少,有助于解釋為什么美國的房地產市場被老年人統治。雖然大多數千禧一代現在已經到了購房的“高峰期”,但他們的父母輩卻成為他們買入夢寐以求的首套房的阻力。2014年起,千禧一代的購房者比例超過了嬰兒潮一代。但就在去年,嬰兒潮一代又把自己的孩子擠到了一邊,重新成為美國最大的購房群體。美國銀行旗下經濟智庫美國銀行研究所(Bank of America Institute)在半年一次的“住房報告”(Housing Morsel)中對市場進行了調查,分析了出現這種情況的關鍵原因,并對千禧一代和嬰兒潮一代在搬家找房過程中出現的一些現象給出了一些出人意料的結論。
該報告研究了過去幾年美國銀行的客戶在國內的搬遷模式,稱其可以對人口流動情況進行實時估算,使其相較于人口普查局(Census Bureau)的數據,擁有了提前將近一年的洞察力,在搬遷趨勢方面尤其如此。
美國銀行援引美聯儲的數據指出,老一代的財富是千禧一代的八倍,為73萬億美元,而千禧一代的財富僅為大約9萬億美元。(沒錯,嬰兒潮一代積累財富的時間要長幾十年,但根據圣路易斯聯邦儲備銀行【St. Louis Fed】的數據,在相同的年紀,如果嬰兒潮一代有1美元,千禧一代只有大約84美分。)
雖然千禧一代在疫情開始時有所突破,但隨著利率開始上升,他們的長輩很快就再次超過了他們。嬰兒潮一代想要為退休換個小房,而千禧一代只是想要擁有人生中的第一套房——只有擁有充足現金的那個群體才能贏得勝利。
美國銀行的報告稱:“在目前高房價和高利率的環境下,嬰兒潮一代對于買房的資金準備更充分。”
為什么你父母的朋友們出價比你高
嬰兒潮一代的大部分財富已經以房產的形式存在,可以用來置換離家人和朋友更近的新房。這是千禧一代尚不具備的優勢,至少相對而言是這樣。到2022年底,千禧一代持有的房產價值約5.5萬億美元,而嬰兒潮一代持有近19萬億美元。(還需要指出的是,恰恰是嬰兒潮一代希望住得離子女和孫輩更近的愿望阻礙了這些家庭成員構建自己的住房資產。)
嬰兒潮一代的壽命也更長了,這對人類來說是件好事,但考慮到美國的住房供應短缺,這也意味著供其他幾代人選擇的住房減少了。與此同時,千禧一代已經進入了“近年來競爭最激烈、最昂貴、最無情的房地產市場之一”。即使是這群人中最富有的人也開始被迫離場,他們發現美國夢越來越難以實現。
可以肯定的是,嬰兒潮一代被孩子輩領先的另外一個原因很可能是,他們更富有、手頭有更多現金,可能對利率不那么敏感,因此,房貸利率無論是不足3%,還是飆升至7%以上,對他們的購房費用并沒有產生同樣大的影響。
美國銀行預計,短期內千禧一代大多數仍將持觀望狀態,因為目前市場上的房產庫存普遍價格太高,許多人都負擔不起。但該行樂觀地預測,這種趨勢不會永遠持續下去。未來幾年,年輕的千禧一代(35歲以下)的住房需求可能會反彈。
嬰兒潮一代和千禧一代搬遷的目的地并不相同
美國銀行還發現,疫情引發的搬家模式一直持續到了2023年。嬰兒潮一代和千禧一代都在離開波士頓、紐約、圣何塞和舊金山等物價昂貴的大城市(盡管與疫情初期相比,他們離開紐約和舊金山的速度正在放緩)。但有趣的是,他們的目的地基本不同。
千禧一代正搬往奧斯汀、克利夫蘭、達拉斯和坦帕等城市。與此同時,嬰兒潮一代在向拉斯維加斯、鳳凰城、奧蘭多和坦帕搬遷。
夏洛特、休斯頓和費城也是受歡迎的目的地,而芝加哥、底特律和華盛頓特區的人們持續離開。
雖然大量資金流入通常意味著房價上漲,但在其中一些城市,情況已經不同了。根據美國銀行的數據,2020年和2021年,奧斯汀等城市的房價上漲幅度如此之高,可能已經達到了一個最終臨界點。由于利率也在上升,再漲就沒人買得起了。
報告稱:“由于美聯儲加息推高了住房的借貸成本,盡管這些熱門城市的人口持續增長,但需求卻受到抑制,因此房價上漲也出現了調整。”
盡管如此,資金流入仍導致租金上漲,尤其是在買不起房的情況下。根據美國銀行的數據,2023年4月奧斯汀的租金中位數比去年同期上漲了11%,而奧蘭多和坦帕的租金中位數上漲了14%。
雖然許多搬到奧斯汀等城市的千禧一代目前可能會繼續租房(這是他們唯一能負擔得起的),但美國銀行表示,大量資金流入意味著,從長遠來看,這些熱門城市的房價將繼續上漲。(財富中文網)
譯者:Agatha
眾所周知,嬰兒潮一代比千禧一代富裕得多,但究竟富裕多少,有助于解釋為什么美國的房地產市場被老年人統治。雖然大多數千禧一代現在已經到了購房的“高峰期”,但他們的父母輩卻成為他們買入夢寐以求的首套房的阻力。2014年起,千禧一代的購房者比例超過了嬰兒潮一代。但就在去年,嬰兒潮一代又把自己的孩子擠到了一邊,重新成為美國最大的購房群體。美國銀行旗下經濟智庫美國銀行研究所(Bank of America Institute)在半年一次的“住房報告”(Housing Morsel)中對市場進行了調查,分析了出現這種情況的關鍵原因,并對千禧一代和嬰兒潮一代在搬家找房過程中出現的一些現象給出了一些出人意料的結論。
該報告研究了過去幾年美國銀行的客戶在國內的搬遷模式,稱其可以對人口流動情況進行實時估算,使其相較于人口普查局(Census Bureau)的數據,擁有了提前將近一年的洞察力,在搬遷趨勢方面尤其如此。
美國銀行援引美聯儲的數據指出,老一代的財富是千禧一代的八倍,為73萬億美元,而千禧一代的財富僅為大約9萬億美元。(沒錯,嬰兒潮一代積累財富的時間要長幾十年,但根據圣路易斯聯邦儲備銀行【St. Louis Fed】的數據,在相同的年紀,如果嬰兒潮一代有1美元,千禧一代只有大約84美分。)
雖然千禧一代在疫情開始時有所突破,但隨著利率開始上升,他們的長輩很快就再次超過了他們。嬰兒潮一代想要為退休換個小房,而千禧一代只是想要擁有人生中的第一套房——只有擁有充足現金的那個群體才能贏得勝利。
美國銀行的報告稱:“在目前高房價和高利率的環境下,嬰兒潮一代對于買房的資金準備更充分。”
為什么你父母的朋友們出價比你高
嬰兒潮一代的大部分財富已經以房產的形式存在,可以用來置換離家人和朋友更近的新房。這是千禧一代尚不具備的優勢,至少相對而言是這樣。到2022年底,千禧一代持有的房產價值約5.5萬億美元,而嬰兒潮一代持有近19萬億美元。(還需要指出的是,恰恰是嬰兒潮一代希望住得離子女和孫輩更近的愿望阻礙了這些家庭成員構建自己的住房資產。)
嬰兒潮一代的壽命也更長了,這對人類來說是件好事,但考慮到美國的住房供應短缺,這也意味著供其他幾代人選擇的住房減少了。與此同時,千禧一代已經進入了“近年來競爭最激烈、最昂貴、最無情的房地產市場之一”。即使是這群人中最富有的人也開始被迫離場,他們發現美國夢越來越難以實現。
可以肯定的是,嬰兒潮一代被孩子輩領先的另外一個原因很可能是,他們更富有、手頭有更多現金,可能對利率不那么敏感,因此,房貸利率無論是不足3%,還是飆升至7%以上,對他們的購房費用并沒有產生同樣大的影響。
美國銀行預計,短期內千禧一代大多數仍將持觀望狀態,因為目前市場上的房產庫存普遍價格太高,許多人都負擔不起。但該行樂觀地預測,這種趨勢不會永遠持續下去。未來幾年,年輕的千禧一代(35歲以下)的住房需求可能會反彈。
嬰兒潮一代和千禧一代搬遷的目的地并不相同
美國銀行還發現,疫情引發的搬家模式一直持續到了2023年。嬰兒潮一代和千禧一代都在離開波士頓、紐約、圣何塞和舊金山等物價昂貴的大城市(盡管與疫情初期相比,他們離開紐約和舊金山的速度正在放緩)。但有趣的是,他們的目的地基本不同。
千禧一代正搬往奧斯汀、克利夫蘭、達拉斯和坦帕等城市。與此同時,嬰兒潮一代在向拉斯維加斯、鳳凰城、奧蘭多和坦帕搬遷。
夏洛特、休斯頓和費城也是受歡迎的目的地,而芝加哥、底特律和華盛頓特區的人們持續離開。
雖然大量資金流入通常意味著房價上漲,但在其中一些城市,情況已經不同了。根據美國銀行的數據,2020年和2021年,奧斯汀等城市的房價上漲幅度如此之高,可能已經達到了一個最終臨界點。由于利率也在上升,再漲就沒人買得起了。
報告稱:“由于美聯儲加息推高了住房的借貸成本,盡管這些熱門城市的人口持續增長,但需求卻受到抑制,因此房價上漲也出現了調整。”
盡管如此,資金流入仍導致租金上漲,尤其是在買不起房的情況下。根據美國銀行的數據,2023年4月奧斯汀的租金中位數比去年同期上漲了11%,而奧蘭多和坦帕的租金中位數上漲了14%。
雖然許多搬到奧斯汀等城市的千禧一代目前可能會繼續租房(這是他們唯一能負擔得起的),但美國銀行表示,大量資金流入意味著,從長遠來看,這些熱門城市的房價將繼續上漲。(財富中文網)
譯者:Agatha
It’s no secret that baby boomers are vastly wealthier than millennials, but just how much helps explain the state of America’s gerontocratic housing market. While most millennials have now reached the “peak” homebuying age, their parents’ generation is keeping them from buying the starter homes they’ve long dreamed of. The share of millennial homebuyers surpassed boomers from 2014 until last year, when boomers shoved their children aside and reclaimed their place as America’s top homebuying group. The Bank of America Institute, an economic think tank operated by the bank, checked in on the market with its semiannual “Housing Morsel,” and isolated the key reasons why this is happening, along with some surprises about just where millennials and boomers are migrating on their housing searches.
The report looks at domestic migration patterns of BofA customers over the past few years, noting that its real-time estimates population flows give it nearly a year of extra insight over Census Bureau data, particularly with regard to migration trends.
Citing Federal Reserve data, BofA notes the older generation holds eight times the wealth of millennials, $73 trillion compared to around $9 trillion. (Yes, baby boomers have had decades longer to accumulate wealth, but according to the St. Louis Fed, millennials own around 84 cents for every $1 owned by baby boomers at the same age.)
While millennials made headway at the start of the pandemic, their elders soon overtook them again once interest rates started rising. Boomers want to downsize for retirement, while millennials simply want starter homes—and only one group has the cash to win out.
“In the current environment of high home prices and interest rates, baby boomers are better equipped financially for home purchasing,” Bank of America’s report reads.
Why your parents’ friends are outbidding you for your starter house
Much of the baby boomer generation’s wealth is already held in housing equity, which can be leveraged for new homes closer to family and friends. That’s the upper-hand millennials don’t quite have yet, at least comparatively. While millennials held around $5.5 trillion in real estate assets at the end of 2022, boomers held almost $19 trillion. (It can also be pointed out that the boomer desire to be closer to their children and grandchildren is keeping those family members from building their own housing wealth.)
Boomers are also living longer, a positive development for humanity, but also a development that means less housing for other generations, given the U.S.’s supply shortage. Meanwhile, millennials have entered “one of the most competitive, expensive, and unforgiving housing markets of recent times.” Even the wealthiest of that cohort are striking out, finding the American Dream increasingly unattainable.
To be sure, another likely reason boomers have pulled ahead of their children is because, being wealthier and having more cash on hand, they’re likely less rate-sensitive, so the surge in mortgage rates from below 3% to at or above the 7% level hasn’t deterred their homebuying charge nearly as much.
In the near term, Bank of America expects millennials to largely remain on the sidelines—the current inventory in the market is far too expensive for many to afford. But, the bank is optimistic that this trend won’t last forever. Housing demand will likely rebound for young millennials, those younger than 35, in the years to come.
Boomers and millennials aren’t moving to the same places
Pandemic-induced domestic migration patterns are persisting into 2023, BofA also found. Both boomers and millennials are leaving large, expensive cities like Boston, New York, San Jose, and San Francisco (although the pace they are leaving New York and San Francisco is slowing compared to the early years of the pandemic). What’s interesting is they are largely moving to different places.
Millennials are moving to cities like Austin, Cleveland, Dallas, and Tampa. Boomers, meanwhile, are headed to Las Vegas, Phoenix, Orlando, and Tampa.
Charlotte, Houston, and Philadelphia are also popular destinations, while Chicago, Detroit, and Washington D.C. have continued to see people leave.
While large inflows usually mean rising home prices, that’s not the case anymore in some of these cities. Prices rose so much in 2020 and 2021 in cities like Austin, according to BoA, that they might have finally reached a tipping point. With interest rates also on the rise, no one can afford to pay even more.
“As Fed rate hikes pushed up borrowing costs for these homes, demand dampened despite continued population growth in these popular cities, which has led to a correction in home price appreciation,” the report reads.
That said, the inflows are still leading to large rent increases—especially as owning remains unaffordable. The median rent in April 2023 in Austin increased 11% compared to the year before, according to BoA, while the median rent in Orlando and Tampa was up 14%.
While many of the millennials moving to cities like Austin may continue renting for now (that’s all they can afford), Bank of America says the enormous inflows mean that over the long term, housing prices will continue to rise in these popular destinations.