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債務(wù)上限交易讓神秘交易員賺取了巨額利潤(rùn),引發(fā)內(nèi)幕交易懷疑

拋開(kāi)期權(quán)交易不談,將山谷管道項(xiàng)目納入債務(wù)上限法案一直在政治上被視為引火燒身。

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為獲得弗吉尼亞州山谷管道項(xiàng)目的許可證,債務(wù)上限協(xié)議使得白宮和共和黨議員強(qiáng)制批準(zhǔn)該項(xiàng)目。有人似乎知道這種情況會(huì)發(fā)生,并相應(yīng)地下了賭注。圖片來(lái)源:ROBERT NICKELSBERG/GETTY IMAGES

作為避免美國(guó)財(cái)政部違約立法的一部分,美國(guó)政府為300英里(482.8千米)長(zhǎng)的天然氣管道項(xiàng)目開(kāi)了綠燈,這一舉動(dòng)震驚了幾乎所有人,除了一位神秘的交易員,不知何故,他似乎預(yù)見(jiàn)到了這一點(diǎn)。

在華爾街,分析師們此前大多預(yù)計(jì),在提高美國(guó)債務(wù)上限的法案中,會(huì)包含有關(guān)能源許可的模糊承諾。然而,期權(quán)交易表明,更大的內(nèi)幕可能正在醞釀之中。

彭博社匯編的數(shù)據(jù)顯示,5月24日,也就是協(xié)議宣布的前幾天,有人對(duì)Equitrans Midstream Corp.進(jìn)行了巨額的看漲押注。該公司深度參與了拖延已久的山谷管道項(xiàng)目(Mountain Valley Pipeline)。該賭注包括搶購(gòu)10萬(wàn)份該公司股票的看漲期權(quán)。

短短幾天后,這一押注就證明了其先見(jiàn)之明,并獲取了巨額利潤(rùn)。

5月27日,白宮和共和黨議員達(dá)成了一項(xiàng)協(xié)議,將為拖延已久的山谷管道項(xiàng)目提供完成該項(xiàng)目所需的最終批準(zhǔn)。

在整個(gè)4月和5月的大部分時(shí)間里,白宮和國(guó)會(huì)的談判人員就協(xié)議的大致細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行反復(fù)討論。幾乎直到最后,所有細(xì)節(jié)都被嚴(yán)格保密且不斷變化。甚至連美國(guó)政府能否在耗盡資金前達(dá)成協(xié)議都存疑。

法案簽署

該法案由美國(guó)總統(tǒng)喬·拜登(Joe Biden)上周六簽署成法,強(qiáng)制批準(zhǔn)該項(xiàng)目啟動(dòng)。從賬面上看,截至上周五,這筆賭注似乎已經(jīng)賺了750萬(wàn)美元。其他投資者的疑問(wèn)是,這一押注除了能力和運(yùn)氣,是否還有其他因素在起作用?

“我的問(wèn)題是:交易員是誰(shuí)?他們有多老練?他們和政府有什么聯(lián)系?”華盛頓道德監(jiān)督機(jī)構(gòu)公民責(zé)任與道德(Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics)的首席法律顧問(wèn)唐納德·謝爾曼(Donald Sherman)說(shuō)。他補(bǔ)充稱,這一押注引發(fā)了人們的擔(dān)憂,即債務(wù)協(xié)議的細(xì)節(jié)是否以某種方式被提前泄露了出去。

眾所周知,調(diào)查一筆交易是否存在基于機(jī)密信息的不當(dāng)行為是非常困難的,尤其是涉及政府的內(nèi)幕消息。相關(guān)規(guī)定也充斥著灰色地帶和含糊之處。

機(jī)密信息

包括國(guó)會(huì)議員在內(nèi)的官員被禁止利用他們?cè)谌温毱陂g了解到的機(jī)密信息進(jìn)行交易。但如果有人無(wú)意中聽(tīng)到國(guó)會(huì)工作人員在火車上提到的信息(并借此進(jìn)行交易),那他們可能不會(huì)因此而受到指控。

“調(diào)查人員面臨的挑戰(zhàn)不僅僅是了解信息是否被共享,還要了解共享信息背后的意圖。”Cadwalader律師事務(wù)所美國(guó)證券交易委員會(huì)執(zhí)法業(yè)務(wù)主管菲利普?金達(dá)(Philip Khinda)表示。“由于法律和調(diào)查方面的復(fù)雜性,這些案件非常棘手。”

目前還沒(méi)有人被指控在期權(quán)交易中有任何不當(dāng)行為。美國(guó)證券交易委員會(huì)(Securities and Exchange Commission)(負(fù)責(zé)監(jiān)督任何調(diào)查)的一名代表拒絕就其是否在調(diào)查此事置評(píng)。

盡管如此,這筆看漲期權(quán)的買入時(shí)機(jī)仍吸引了很多關(guān)注——就在債務(wù)上限協(xié)議達(dá)成之前。執(zhí)行價(jià)格8美元也大致相當(dāng)于一些華爾街分析師對(duì)Equitrans公司的山谷管道項(xiàng)目的估值。

長(zhǎng)期拖延

在債務(wù)上限協(xié)議達(dá)成之前,山谷管道項(xiàng)目的前景一直黯淡。由于與環(huán)保主義者的法律斗爭(zhēng)持續(xù)了數(shù)年,Equitrans的股價(jià)去年下跌了35%。

而在美國(guó)政府出人意料地宣布管道項(xiàng)目將啟動(dòng)后,Equitrans股價(jià)暴漲,上周飆升49%,創(chuàng)歷史新高。

“這筆交易非常令人擔(dān)憂。”沃頓商學(xué)院(The Wharton School)研究?jī)?nèi)幕交易的教授丹·泰勒(Dan Taylor)說(shuō)。“這開(kāi)始讓人懷疑,這實(shí)際上是否只是巧合。”

Equitrans表示,該公司及其任何高管都沒(méi)有參與這筆交易。在一份聲明中,該公司稱贊這條管道是“重要的能源基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施,將確保美國(guó)家庭獲得可靠且負(fù)擔(dān)得起的國(guó)內(nèi)能源”,實(shí)際上有助于減少碳排放,加強(qiáng)能源安全。

當(dāng)然,該項(xiàng)目有強(qiáng)大的支持者。代表西弗吉尼亞州的民主黨參議員喬·曼欽(Joe Manchin)長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)一直是該項(xiàng)目的支持者。他在周五慶祝該項(xiàng)目獲批時(shí),在推特上表示這是“真正的山谷管道項(xiàng)目”(MVP),MVP也是該項(xiàng)目首字母的縮寫。

不過(guò),在被問(wèn)及期權(quán)交易時(shí),曼欽表示,“我對(duì)此一無(wú)所知”。他還說(shuō),“我唯一知道的是,人們需要權(quán)力”。

不斷增長(zhǎng)的意外之財(cái)

拋開(kāi)期權(quán)交易不談,將山谷管道項(xiàng)目納入債務(wù)上限法案一直在政治上被視為引火燒身。

來(lái)自弗吉尼亞州的民主黨參議員蒂姆·凱恩(Tim Kaine)提出了一項(xiàng)修正案,將該項(xiàng)目相關(guān)條款(山谷管道也經(jīng)過(guò)弗吉尼亞州)從債務(wù)協(xié)議中刪除。上周四,這一努力失敗了。

白宮代表和眾議院議長(zhǎng)凱文·麥卡錫(Kevin McCarthy)沒(méi)有就該交易回應(yīng)置評(píng)請(qǐng)求。麥卡錫是共和黨談判的牽頭人。

負(fù)責(zé)Equitrans的花旗銀行分析師斯皮羅·杜尼斯(Spiro Dounis)說(shuō):“令人驚訝的是,它實(shí)際上被納入了債務(wù)上限法案本身,而不是單獨(dú)投票或承諾通過(guò)另一項(xiàng)法案的一部分。”

這筆交易背后的期權(quán)似乎仍是發(fā)行在外的。這表明還沒(méi)有人兌現(xiàn)押注,如果股市繼續(xù)上漲,這筆意外之財(cái)可能會(huì)增加。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

——在阿里·納特(Ari Natter)、小格爾森·弗雷塔斯(Gerson Freitas Jr.)、大衛(wèi)·馬里諾(David Marino)、喬·瑞安(Joe Ryan)、勞拉·利特萬(wàn)(Laura Litvan)和喬丹·法比安(Jordan Fabian)協(xié)助下完成本文撰寫。

譯者:中慧言-王芳

作為避免美國(guó)財(cái)政部違約立法的一部分,美國(guó)政府為300英里(482.8千米)長(zhǎng)的天然氣管道項(xiàng)目開(kāi)了綠燈,這一舉動(dòng)震驚了幾乎所有人,除了一位神秘的交易員,不知何故,他似乎預(yù)見(jiàn)到了這一點(diǎn)。

在華爾街,分析師們此前大多預(yù)計(jì),在提高美國(guó)債務(wù)上限的法案中,會(huì)包含有關(guān)能源許可的模糊承諾。然而,期權(quán)交易表明,更大的內(nèi)幕可能正在醞釀之中。

彭博社匯編的數(shù)據(jù)顯示,5月24日,也就是協(xié)議宣布的前幾天,有人對(duì)Equitrans Midstream Corp.進(jìn)行了巨額的看漲押注。該公司深度參與了拖延已久的山谷管道項(xiàng)目(Mountain Valley Pipeline)。該賭注包括搶購(gòu)10萬(wàn)份該公司股票的看漲期權(quán)。

短短幾天后,這一押注就證明了其先見(jiàn)之明,并獲取了巨額利潤(rùn)。

5月27日,白宮和共和黨議員達(dá)成了一項(xiàng)協(xié)議,將為拖延已久的山谷管道項(xiàng)目提供完成該項(xiàng)目所需的最終批準(zhǔn)。

在整個(gè)4月和5月的大部分時(shí)間里,白宮和國(guó)會(huì)的談判人員就協(xié)議的大致細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行反復(fù)討論。幾乎直到最后,所有細(xì)節(jié)都被嚴(yán)格保密且不斷變化。甚至連美國(guó)政府能否在耗盡資金前達(dá)成協(xié)議都存疑。

法案簽署

該法案由美國(guó)總統(tǒng)喬·拜登(Joe Biden)上周六簽署成法,強(qiáng)制批準(zhǔn)該項(xiàng)目啟動(dòng)。從賬面上看,截至上周五,這筆賭注似乎已經(jīng)賺了750萬(wàn)美元。其他投資者的疑問(wèn)是,這一押注除了能力和運(yùn)氣,是否還有其他因素在起作用?

“我的問(wèn)題是:交易員是誰(shuí)?他們有多老練?他們和政府有什么聯(lián)系?”華盛頓道德監(jiān)督機(jī)構(gòu)公民責(zé)任與道德(Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics)的首席法律顧問(wèn)唐納德·謝爾曼(Donald Sherman)說(shuō)。他補(bǔ)充稱,這一押注引發(fā)了人們的擔(dān)憂,即債務(wù)協(xié)議的細(xì)節(jié)是否以某種方式被提前泄露了出去。

眾所周知,調(diào)查一筆交易是否存在基于機(jī)密信息的不當(dāng)行為是非常困難的,尤其是涉及政府的內(nèi)幕消息。相關(guān)規(guī)定也充斥著灰色地帶和含糊之處。

機(jī)密信息

包括國(guó)會(huì)議員在內(nèi)的官員被禁止利用他們?cè)谌温毱陂g了解到的機(jī)密信息進(jìn)行交易。但如果有人無(wú)意中聽(tīng)到國(guó)會(huì)工作人員在火車上提到的信息(并借此進(jìn)行交易),那他們可能不會(huì)因此而受到指控。

“調(diào)查人員面臨的挑戰(zhàn)不僅僅是了解信息是否被共享,還要了解共享信息背后的意圖。”Cadwalader律師事務(wù)所美國(guó)證券交易委員會(huì)執(zhí)法業(yè)務(wù)主管菲利普?金達(dá)(Philip Khinda)表示。“由于法律和調(diào)查方面的復(fù)雜性,這些案件非常棘手。”

目前還沒(méi)有人被指控在期權(quán)交易中有任何不當(dāng)行為。美國(guó)證券交易委員會(huì)(Securities and Exchange Commission)(負(fù)責(zé)監(jiān)督任何調(diào)查)的一名代表拒絕就其是否在調(diào)查此事置評(píng)。

盡管如此,這筆看漲期權(quán)的買入時(shí)機(jī)仍吸引了很多關(guān)注——就在債務(wù)上限協(xié)議達(dá)成之前。執(zhí)行價(jià)格8美元也大致相當(dāng)于一些華爾街分析師對(duì)Equitrans公司的山谷管道項(xiàng)目的估值。

長(zhǎng)期拖延

在債務(wù)上限協(xié)議達(dá)成之前,山谷管道項(xiàng)目的前景一直黯淡。由于與環(huán)保主義者的法律斗爭(zhēng)持續(xù)了數(shù)年,Equitrans的股價(jià)去年下跌了35%。

而在美國(guó)政府出人意料地宣布管道項(xiàng)目將啟動(dòng)后,Equitrans股價(jià)暴漲,上周飆升49%,創(chuàng)歷史新高。

“這筆交易非常令人擔(dān)憂。”沃頓商學(xué)院(The Wharton School)研究?jī)?nèi)幕交易的教授丹·泰勒(Dan Taylor)說(shuō)。“這開(kāi)始讓人懷疑,這實(shí)際上是否只是巧合。”

Equitrans表示,該公司及其任何高管都沒(méi)有參與這筆交易。在一份聲明中,該公司稱贊這條管道是“重要的能源基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施,將確保美國(guó)家庭獲得可靠且負(fù)擔(dān)得起的國(guó)內(nèi)能源”,實(shí)際上有助于減少碳排放,加強(qiáng)能源安全。

當(dāng)然,該項(xiàng)目有強(qiáng)大的支持者。代表西弗吉尼亞州的民主黨參議員喬·曼欽(Joe Manchin)長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)一直是該項(xiàng)目的支持者。他在周五慶祝該項(xiàng)目獲批時(shí),在推特上表示這是“真正的山谷管道項(xiàng)目”(MVP),MVP也是該項(xiàng)目首字母的縮寫。

不過(guò),在被問(wèn)及期權(quán)交易時(shí),曼欽表示,“我對(duì)此一無(wú)所知”。他還說(shuō),“我唯一知道的是,人們需要權(quán)力”。

不斷增長(zhǎng)的意外之財(cái)

拋開(kāi)期權(quán)交易不談,將山谷管道項(xiàng)目納入債務(wù)上限法案一直在政治上被視為引火燒身。

來(lái)自弗吉尼亞州的民主黨參議員蒂姆·凱恩(Tim Kaine)提出了一項(xiàng)修正案,將該項(xiàng)目相關(guān)條款(山谷管道也經(jīng)過(guò)弗吉尼亞州)從債務(wù)協(xié)議中刪除。上周四,這一努力失敗了。

白宮代表和眾議院議長(zhǎng)凱文·麥卡錫(Kevin McCarthy)沒(méi)有就該交易回應(yīng)置評(píng)請(qǐng)求。麥卡錫是共和黨談判的牽頭人。

負(fù)責(zé)Equitrans的花旗銀行分析師斯皮羅·杜尼斯(Spiro Dounis)說(shuō):“令人驚訝的是,它實(shí)際上被納入了債務(wù)上限法案本身,而不是單獨(dú)投票或承諾通過(guò)另一項(xiàng)法案的一部分。”

這筆交易背后的期權(quán)似乎仍是發(fā)行在外的。這表明還沒(méi)有人兌現(xiàn)押注,如果股市繼續(xù)上漲,這筆意外之財(cái)可能會(huì)增加。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

——在阿里·納特(Ari Natter)、小格爾森·弗雷塔斯(Gerson Freitas Jr.)、大衛(wèi)·馬里諾(David Marino)、喬·瑞安(Joe Ryan)、勞拉·利特萬(wàn)(Laura Litvan)和喬丹·法比安(Jordan Fabian)協(xié)助下完成本文撰寫。

譯者:中慧言-王芳

The US government’s move to greenlight a 300-mile natural gas pipeline as part of legislation to stave off a Treasury default shocked just about everyone, except for a mystery trader who somehow appears to have seen it coming.

On Wall Street, analysts had mostly expected vague promises on energy permits to be included in a bill to raise the US debt ceiling. Yet, options trading suggests something bigger may have been in the offing.

On May 24 — several days before an agreement was announced — a huge bullish bet was made on Equitrans Midstream Corp., data compiled by Bloomberg show. The company is deeply involved in the long-delayed Mountain Valley Pipeline. The wager involved snapping up 100,000 call options on the firm’s stock.

It proved prescient and wildly profitable within just a few days.

On May 27, White House and Republican lawmakers reached a deal that would give the long-delayed Mountain Valley Pipeline the final approvals needed to complete the project.

Throughout April and much of May, negotiators from the White House and Congress went back and forth on broad-stroke parameters of an agreement. Almost until the very end, the details were closely held and in flux. Doubts lingered over whether a deal would be reached before the US was scheduled to run out of money in early June.

Bill Signed

The legislation, which was signed into law by President Joe Biden on Saturday, forced action on permits for the project. On paper, the bet appears to have earned $7.5 million through Friday. It has some asking whether more than skill and luck played a role.

“My questions are: Who’s the trader? How sophisticated are they? And what are their connections to the government?” said Donald Sherman, chief counsel at the ethics watchdog Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington. He added the bet raises the specter of whether the parameters of the debt deal had somehow leaked out ahead of time.

Digging into whether a trade is improperly based on confidential information is notoriously difficult, especially when it involves market-moving news from inside the government. The rules are also rife with gray areas and ambiguities.

Confidential Information

Officials, including members of Congress, are barred from trading on confidential information they learned in their position. But if, for example, someone overhears a Congressional staffer loudly mention a piece of information on the train, they’re likely in the clear.

“The challenge for investigators isn’t just to learn if information was shared, but to uncover the intent in sharing it,” Philip Khinda, head of the SEC enforcement practice at Cadwalader, said. “These are very difficult cases to bring, because of both the legal and investigative complications they pose.”

No one has been accused of any wrongdoing with the options trade. A representative for the Securities and Exchange Commission, which would be responsible for overseeing any probe, declined to comment on whether it was looking into the matter.

Still, the call options are attracting a lot of attention for their timing — immediately before the debt-ceiling agreement was reached. The $8 strike price also equates roughly to how some Wall Street analysts have valued the Mountain Valley Pipeline for Equitrans.

Long Delay

Before the debt deal, the outlook for the Mountain Valley pipeline project had been bleak. Legal fights with environmentalists raged for years. Shares in Equitrans fell 35% last year.

After the surprise announcement that the pipeline would get a kickstart, Equitrans roared back. Shares soared 49% last week, a record.

“These trades are highly concerning,” said Dan Taylor, a professor at The Wharton School who studies insider trading, said. “It starts to beg the question of whether it, in fact, is a coincidence.”

Equitrans said neither the company nor any of its executives were involved in the transaction. In a statement, the firm also lauded the pipeline as “essential energy infrastructure that will ensure American families have reliable, affordable access to domestic energy” that will actually help reduce carbon emissions and bolster energy security.

To be sure, the project has powerful champions. Senator Joe Manchin, a Democrat who represents West Virginia where the pipeline will traverse, has long been a backer. He celebrated the project on Friday, saying on Twitter that it was “truly America’s ‘MVP,” an apparent reference to the project’s initials.

Asked about the options trade, Manchin said, “I have no idea about that.” He added, “The only thing I know is that people need power.”

Growing Windfall

Trading aside, the inclusion of the pipeline in the debt ceiling law has been a political lightning rod.

Democratic Senator Tim Kaine of Virginia, whose state the pipeline also crosses, offered an amendment to remove it from the debt deal. That effort failed Thursday.

Representatives for the White House and Kevin McCarthy, who spearheaded negotiations for the GOP as Speaker of the House, didn’t respond Saturday to requests for comment on the trade.

“The surprise was that it actually made it into the debt ceiling bill itself and was not part of a separate vote or a promise to pass another bill,” said Citi analyst Spiro Dounis, who covers Equitrans.

The options underlying the trade appear to be outstanding. That indicates no one has yet cashed in the bet, and the windfall could grow if the rally continues.

–With assistance from Ari Natter, Gerson Freitas Jr., David Marino, Joe Ryan, Laura Litvan and Jordan Fabian.

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