美國檢方在第一起涉及數(shù)字資產(chǎn)的內(nèi)幕交易案中勝訴,美國規(guī)模最大的非同質(zhì)化代幣(NFT)交易平臺的前產(chǎn)品經(jīng)理被判利用保密信息獲利數(shù)萬美元。
5月3日,在經(jīng)過長達一周的審判和兩天審議之后,位于美國曼哈頓的聯(lián)邦法院的陪審團判決OpenSea的前員工納撒尼爾·查斯頓的電信欺詐罪和洗錢罪成立。
大多數(shù)內(nèi)幕交易案通常會判決被告盜用未發(fā)布的營收報告等非公開信息構(gòu)成證券欺詐罪,但查斯頓被判處的罪名卻是電信欺詐。這樣一來,檢方就可以規(guī)避在數(shù)字資產(chǎn)領(lǐng)域里引起激烈討論的一個問題:非同質(zhì)化代幣在法律上是否構(gòu)成證券。
在數(shù)字資產(chǎn)監(jiān)管法規(guī)尚未出臺之前,此次判決可能鼓勵檢方繼續(xù)將這種策略,作為打擊非傳統(tǒng)市場欺詐犯罪的工具。
32歲的查斯頓負(fù)責(zé)挑選在OpenSea主頁上重點推薦的NFT,這通常會令數(shù)字資產(chǎn)的價格快速上漲。
檢方表示,雖然代幣在主頁顯示之前,OpenSea會對代幣的身份保密,但查斯頓提前購買了數(shù)十枚代幣,事后以高達五倍售價的價格立即出售,這違反了他對信息保密的義務(wù)。
政府根據(jù)查斯頓收藏的以太幣(Ethereum)的價值,認(rèn)為他通過出售NFT獲利超過57,000美元。查斯頓表示他從未將出售所得兌換成美元,因此未獲得任何收益。查斯頓被指控告訴女朋友他通過出售NFT獲得19枚以太幣,按照5月3日下午4:45的交易價格,這些以太幣的價值約為35,000美元。
查斯頓于2021年9月辭職。在此之前,社區(qū)開始質(zhì)疑他是否在進行非法預(yù)先出售,并且公司制定了禁止員工買賣在主頁上推薦的NFT的政策。他在2022年6月被捕。
他的每一項罪名都面臨最高20年的監(jiān)禁,但最終刑期可能更短。本案將于8月22日判決。
查斯頓辯護稱NFT不屬于證券或商品,因此不受政府理論的約束,而且他的所得并非法律規(guī)定的被盜用財產(chǎn),因為它們沒有經(jīng)濟或市場價值。他還主張自己從未參與洗錢,因為交易是在公共區(qū)塊鏈上完成的。
有超過300位辯護律師寫信支持查斯頓的撤訴請求。他們認(rèn)為,如果認(rèn)定保密商業(yè)信息屬于財產(chǎn),將會擴大對詐騙罪的起訴范圍,會“使許多行為被認(rèn)定為有罪”。
政府在涉及加密貨幣的第一起內(nèi)幕交易案中使用了類似做法。Coinbase Global公司的前任經(jīng)理伊尚·瓦希在2月被判犯有兩項共謀電信欺詐罪,他被指控在該交易平臺即將發(fā)布新代幣時,利用其獲取的保密信息進行交易。
他的案件將于5月下旬判決。他每項罪名可能都面臨最長20年的刑期,但瓦希已經(jīng)同意遵守聯(lián)邦指導(dǎo)準(zhǔn)則,作為其認(rèn)罪協(xié)議的一部分,他可能只需要服刑36至47個月。
瓦希的代理律師也是查斯頓的代理律師戴維·米勒。瓦希稱他是一個“有突出性格的違規(guī)者”,希望法院判處不超過10個月監(jiān)禁。
米勒在4月26日寫給法院的備忘錄中說:“伊尚被與本案捆綁在一起,在谷歌搜索中,他將永遠背負(fù)著第一位被判有罪的‘加密貨幣內(nèi)幕交易’案的內(nèi)幕交易者。”(財富中文網(wǎng))
翻譯:劉進龍
審校:汪皓
美國檢方在第一起涉及數(shù)字資產(chǎn)的內(nèi)幕交易案中勝訴,美國規(guī)模最大的非同質(zhì)化代幣(NFT)交易平臺的前產(chǎn)品經(jīng)理被判利用保密信息獲利數(shù)萬美元。
5月3日,在經(jīng)過長達一周的審判和兩天審議之后,位于美國曼哈頓的聯(lián)邦法院的陪審團判決OpenSea的前員工納撒尼爾·查斯頓的電信欺詐罪和洗錢罪成立。
大多數(shù)內(nèi)幕交易案通常會判決被告盜用未發(fā)布的營收報告等非公開信息構(gòu)成證券欺詐罪,但查斯頓被判處的罪名卻是電信欺詐。這樣一來,檢方就可以規(guī)避在數(shù)字資產(chǎn)領(lǐng)域里引起激烈討論的一個問題:非同質(zhì)化代幣在法律上是否構(gòu)成證券。
在數(shù)字資產(chǎn)監(jiān)管法規(guī)尚未出臺之前,此次判決可能鼓勵檢方繼續(xù)將這種策略,作為打擊非傳統(tǒng)市場欺詐犯罪的工具。
32歲的查斯頓負(fù)責(zé)挑選在OpenSea主頁上重點推薦的NFT,這通常會令數(shù)字資產(chǎn)的價格快速上漲。
檢方表示,雖然代幣在主頁顯示之前,OpenSea會對代幣的身份保密,但查斯頓提前購買了數(shù)十枚代幣,事后以高達五倍售價的價格立即出售,這違反了他對信息保密的義務(wù)。
政府根據(jù)查斯頓收藏的以太幣(Ethereum)的價值,認(rèn)為他通過出售NFT獲利超過57,000美元。查斯頓表示他從未將出售所得兌換成美元,因此未獲得任何收益。查斯頓被指控告訴女朋友他通過出售NFT獲得19枚以太幣,按照5月3日下午4:45的交易價格,這些以太幣的價值約為35,000美元。
查斯頓于2021年9月辭職。在此之前,社區(qū)開始質(zhì)疑他是否在進行非法預(yù)先出售,并且公司制定了禁止員工買賣在主頁上推薦的NFT的政策。他在2022年6月被捕。
他的每一項罪名都面臨最高20年的監(jiān)禁,但最終刑期可能更短。本案將于8月22日判決。
查斯頓辯護稱NFT不屬于證券或商品,因此不受政府理論的約束,而且他的所得并非法律規(guī)定的被盜用財產(chǎn),因為它們沒有經(jīng)濟或市場價值。他還主張自己從未參與洗錢,因為交易是在公共區(qū)塊鏈上完成的。
有超過300位辯護律師寫信支持查斯頓的撤訴請求。他們認(rèn)為,如果認(rèn)定保密商業(yè)信息屬于財產(chǎn),將會擴大對詐騙罪的起訴范圍,會“使許多行為被認(rèn)定為有罪”。
政府在涉及加密貨幣的第一起內(nèi)幕交易案中使用了類似做法。Coinbase Global公司的前任經(jīng)理伊尚·瓦希在2月被判犯有兩項共謀電信欺詐罪,他被指控在該交易平臺即將發(fā)布新代幣時,利用其獲取的保密信息進行交易。
他的案件將于5月下旬判決。他每項罪名可能都面臨最長20年的刑期,但瓦希已經(jīng)同意遵守聯(lián)邦指導(dǎo)準(zhǔn)則,作為其認(rèn)罪協(xié)議的一部分,他可能只需要服刑36至47個月。
瓦希的代理律師也是查斯頓的代理律師戴維·米勒。瓦希稱他是一個“有突出性格的違規(guī)者”,希望法院判處不超過10個月監(jiān)禁。
米勒在4月26日寫給法院的備忘錄中說:“伊尚被與本案捆綁在一起,在谷歌搜索中,他將永遠背負(fù)著第一位被判有罪的‘加密貨幣內(nèi)幕交易’案的內(nèi)幕交易者。”(財富中文網(wǎng))
翻譯:劉進龍
審校:汪皓
US prosecutors won the first-ever insider-trading trial involving digital assets with the conviction of a former product manager at the largest NFT marketplace for using confidential information to make thousands of dollars in profit.
Nathaniel Chastain, who worked for OpenSea, was found guilty of wire fraud and money laundering by a jury in federal court in Manhattan on May 3 following a week-long trial and two days of deliberations.
Unlike most traditional insider-trading cases, which are centered around securities-fraud charges for misappropriating non-public information such as unreleased earnings reports, Chastain was charged with wire fraud. That allowed prosecutors to skirt the issue of whether non-fungible tokens are legally classified as a security, a hotly debated topic in the world of digital assets.
The verdict is likely to encourage further use of the strategy by prosecutors as a tool to ferret out fraud in nontraditional markets while regulations for digital assets are still being crafted.
Chastain, 32, was responsible for selecting which NFTs would be highlighted on OpenSea’s home page, which usually led to an immediate spike in the price of the assets.
Prosecutors said that while OpenSea would keep the identity of featured tokens secret until they appeared on its home page, Chastain bought dozens of them beforehand and then sold them immediately afterward for as much as five times the purchase price, violating his duty to keep the information confidential.
The government alleged Chastain made more than $57,000 in profit from the scheme based on the value of ethereum tokens he collected from the NFT sales. Chastain argues that he never converted the proceeds to dollars and therefore never realized any gain. At May 3’s trading price at 4:45 pm, the 19 ethereum Chastain allegedly told his girlfriend he made off the sales would be worth about $35,000.
Chastain was asked to resign in September 2021 after the community began questioning whether he was front-running sales and the company instituted policies barring employees from buying or selling featured NFTs while they were being highlighted on the home page. He was arrested in June 2022.
He faces as much as 20 years in prison on each count for his conviction, though he’s likely to get far less than that. Sentencing is set for Aug. 22.
Chastain had argued NFTs aren’t securities or commodities and therefore aren’t subject to the government’s theory — and that what he took isn’t misappropriated property, as required by the law, because it had no economic or market value. He also contended that he didn’t commit money laundering because the transactions were made on a public blockchain.
A group of more than 300 defense attorneys filed a letter in support of Chastain’s request to throw out the indictment, saying that a finding that confidential business information is property would expand how fraud is prosecuted and and “criminalize a broad swath of conduct.”
The government used a similar approach in the first insider-trading case involving cryptocurrency. Ishan Wahi, a former Coinbase Global Inc. manager, pleaded guilty in February to two counts of conspiracy to commit wire fraud for trading on confidential information he learned about when the exchange was going to list new tokens.
Wahi faces as long as 20 years in prison on each count when he’s sentenced later this month, although he agreed to federal guidelines that call for him to serve 36 to 47 months behind bars as part of his plea deal.
Wahi — who is being represented by Chastain’s lawyer, David Miller — has asked the court to sentence him to 10 months or less in prison, saying he is a “man of outstanding character who crossed the line.”
“Ishan’s name has been associated with the events of this case, and he will forever be a Google search away from being known as the first insider to be convicted in a ‘cryptocurrency insider trading’ case,” Miller wrote in an April 26 memo to the court.