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混合型辦公和遠程辦公將房地產推向“拐點”,寫字樓空置率到2030年將飆升55%

Tristan Bove
2023-03-02

戴德梁行的一份報告顯示,科技公司削減辦公空間可能預示著未來幾年城市商業(yè)空間將大幅縮減,而其他行業(yè)現(xiàn)在應該開始接受這一現(xiàn)實。

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美國紐約曼哈頓市中心空曠的街道。圖片來源:ALEXANDER SPATARI VIA GETTY IMAGES

商業(yè)業(yè)主在居家辦公時代面臨著巨大的挑戰(zhàn),因為他們要面對的現(xiàn)實是,空置的辦公大樓,空無一物的辦公桌,而這種情況將一直存在。

2020年年初,只有少數(shù)研究遠程工作多年的學者認為,居家辦公工作模式會持續(xù)到大流行的緊急階段。近三年來,超過四分之一的美國員工在大部分時間里仍然從家庭辦公室登錄,預計這一數(shù)字在未來幾年還會上升。

其結果是:根據(jù)全球房地產公司戴德梁行(Cushman & Wakefield)在2月22日發(fā)布的一份報告,到2030年,由于遠程和混合型辦公模式,美國將有多達3.3億平方英尺的辦公空間空置或閑置。如果再加上另外7.4億平方英尺因為“自然”原因而空置的辦公空間,那么在未來七年里,閑置辦公空間累計將達到約10億平方英尺。

2019年,在新冠疫情點燃商業(yè)房地產市場之前,全美寫字樓空置率約為12%。但戴德梁行的報告顯示,到2030年,寫字樓空置率將飆升55%,至18%左右。

這樣的泡沫破裂對商業(yè)房地產行業(yè)的影響將是巨大的,因為寫字樓的管理者和業(yè)主很難彌補損失,而市政府則失去了來自商業(yè)地產的稅收。

戴德梁行的首席經濟學家兼全球研究主管凱文·索普在一份聲明中說:“就業(yè)增長和辦公室需求之間的關系已經破裂。”

空蕩蕩的辦公室

雇主和員工之間關于在哪里辦公的較量仍然在激烈進行,但混合型辦公模式似乎正在贏得優(yōu)勢。這對那些想要保持他們在新冠疫情期間享受的靈活工作安排的員工來說是一個好消息,但對過去幾年在新辦公空間上投入巨資的雇主而言就不是什么好消息了。

許多公司,尤其是科技行業(yè)的公司,在2020年年底和2021年大肆招聘,一些公司加大了對新辦公空間的投資,押注新招來的員工將很快返回辦公室辦公。包括谷歌(Google)、亞馬遜(Amazon)和Facebook母公司Meta在內的公司,先是在曼哈頓,然后在全美各地大舉收購空置的辦公大樓,他們認為辦公室將繼續(xù)是辦公的關鍵組成部分。科技公司是最早廣泛采用遠程辦公模式的公司之一,但蘋果(Apple)和微軟(Microsoft)等公司也是最早要求員工返回辦公室辦公的公司之一。

員工堅持至少部分時間遠程辦公,再加上科技公司面臨的日益慘淡的經濟環(huán)境,迫使該行業(yè)在2022年進行了重新評估,許多公司被迫出售了大部分新收購的辦公空間。包括賽富時(Salesforce)和Meta在內的許多公司在最近幾個月宣布了計劃,除了裁員數(shù)千人之外,還將在全球范圍內出售辦公空間。

根據(jù)戴德梁行的報告,科技公司削減辦公空間可能預示著未來幾年城市商業(yè)空間將大幅縮減,而其他行業(yè)現(xiàn)在應該開始接受這一現(xiàn)實。

戴德梁行的總裁安德魯·麥克唐納于2月22日在接受英國《金融時報》(Fiancial Times)采訪時談到了該報告的發(fā)現(xiàn),他補充稱,對于企業(yè)今后如何看待辦公空間,這項研究應該代表著“一個拐點”。

應對變化

遠程工作對城市辦公區(qū)以及曾經為上班族服務的企業(yè)產生影響的早期證據(jù)可能已經在新冠疫情期間就出現(xiàn)了。在2022年的幾項研究里,經濟學家對“甜甜圈效應”提出了警告,即員工從城市核心區(qū)遷移到郊區(qū),迫使許多零售企業(yè)和餐館也遷往遠離城市的地方。

在紐約市和洛杉磯,業(yè)主和建筑經理已經不得不做出調整,空置的辦公樓已經被改造為公寓和共管公寓。市政府對商業(yè)地產可能帶來的稅收損失表示擔憂,紐約市審計官在2022年8月的預算預測中警告道,由于該市的辦公室空置率徘徊在20%左右,空置的辦公室“令人擔憂”。

但戴德梁行的報告表明,如果城市房地產業(yè)主愿意轉向住宅市場,并加大對社區(qū)活動場所便利設施的投資,那么他們就有可能重新適應新常態(tài)。報告稱,那些知道如何改造才能迎合“現(xiàn)代租戶偏好”的寫字樓將留存下來,這些偏好包括可持續(xù)性功能和優(yōu)質便利設施。

戴德梁行的投資者洞察力全球主管阿比·科比特在一份聲明中說:“寫字樓行業(yè)正處在關鍵的十字路口,面臨必要的適應、演變和重新調整。直面問題,并采取積極主動、富有創(chuàng)造性和戰(zhàn)略性的方法,將有助于現(xiàn)有業(yè)主和潛在投資界人士確保數(shù)百萬平方英尺商業(yè)地產的活力。”(財富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:中慧言-王芳

商業(yè)業(yè)主在居家辦公時代面臨著巨大的挑戰(zhàn),因為他們要面對的現(xiàn)實是,空置的辦公大樓,空無一物的辦公桌,而這種情況將一直存在。

2020年年初,只有少數(shù)研究遠程工作多年的學者認為,居家辦公工作模式會持續(xù)到大流行的緊急階段。近三年來,超過四分之一的美國員工在大部分時間里仍然從家庭辦公室登錄,預計這一數(shù)字在未來幾年還會上升。

其結果是:根據(jù)全球房地產公司戴德梁行(Cushman & Wakefield)在2月22日發(fā)布的一份報告,到2030年,由于遠程和混合型辦公模式,美國將有多達3.3億平方英尺的辦公空間空置或閑置。如果再加上另外7.4億平方英尺因為“自然”原因而空置的辦公空間,那么在未來七年里,閑置辦公空間累計將達到約10億平方英尺。

2019年,在新冠疫情點燃商業(yè)房地產市場之前,全美寫字樓空置率約為12%。但戴德梁行的報告顯示,到2030年,寫字樓空置率將飆升55%,至18%左右。

這樣的泡沫破裂對商業(yè)房地產行業(yè)的影響將是巨大的,因為寫字樓的管理者和業(yè)主很難彌補損失,而市政府則失去了來自商業(yè)地產的稅收。

戴德梁行的首席經濟學家兼全球研究主管凱文·索普在一份聲明中說:“就業(yè)增長和辦公室需求之間的關系已經破裂。”

空蕩蕩的辦公室

雇主和員工之間關于在哪里辦公的較量仍然在激烈進行,但混合型辦公模式似乎正在贏得優(yōu)勢。這對那些想要保持他們在新冠疫情期間享受的靈活工作安排的員工來說是一個好消息,但對過去幾年在新辦公空間上投入巨資的雇主而言就不是什么好消息了。

許多公司,尤其是科技行業(yè)的公司,在2020年年底和2021年大肆招聘,一些公司加大了對新辦公空間的投資,押注新招來的員工將很快返回辦公室辦公。包括谷歌(Google)、亞馬遜(Amazon)和Facebook母公司Meta在內的公司,先是在曼哈頓,然后在全美各地大舉收購空置的辦公大樓,他們認為辦公室將繼續(xù)是辦公的關鍵組成部分。科技公司是最早廣泛采用遠程辦公模式的公司之一,但蘋果(Apple)和微軟(Microsoft)等公司也是最早要求員工返回辦公室辦公的公司之一。

員工堅持至少部分時間遠程辦公,再加上科技公司面臨的日益慘淡的經濟環(huán)境,迫使該行業(yè)在2022年進行了重新評估,許多公司被迫出售了大部分新收購的辦公空間。包括賽富時(Salesforce)和Meta在內的許多公司在最近幾個月宣布了計劃,除了裁員數(shù)千人之外,還將在全球范圍內出售辦公空間。

根據(jù)戴德梁行的報告,科技公司削減辦公空間可能預示著未來幾年城市商業(yè)空間將大幅縮減,而其他行業(yè)現(xiàn)在應該開始接受這一現(xiàn)實。

戴德梁行的總裁安德魯·麥克唐納于2月22日在接受英國《金融時報》(Fiancial Times)采訪時談到了該報告的發(fā)現(xiàn),他補充稱,對于企業(yè)今后如何看待辦公空間,這項研究應該代表著“一個拐點”。

應對變化

遠程工作對城市辦公區(qū)以及曾經為上班族服務的企業(yè)產生影響的早期證據(jù)可能已經在新冠疫情期間就出現(xiàn)了。在2022年的幾項研究里,經濟學家對“甜甜圈效應”提出了警告,即員工從城市核心區(qū)遷移到郊區(qū),迫使許多零售企業(yè)和餐館也遷往遠離城市的地方。

在紐約市和洛杉磯,業(yè)主和建筑經理已經不得不做出調整,空置的辦公樓已經被改造為公寓和共管公寓。市政府對商業(yè)地產可能帶來的稅收損失表示擔憂,紐約市審計官在2022年8月的預算預測中警告道,由于該市的辦公室空置率徘徊在20%左右,空置的辦公室“令人擔憂”。

但戴德梁行的報告表明,如果城市房地產業(yè)主愿意轉向住宅市場,并加大對社區(qū)活動場所便利設施的投資,那么他們就有可能重新適應新常態(tài)。報告稱,那些知道如何改造才能迎合“現(xiàn)代租戶偏好”的寫字樓將留存下來,這些偏好包括可持續(xù)性功能和優(yōu)質便利設施。

戴德梁行的投資者洞察力全球主管阿比·科比特在一份聲明中說:“寫字樓行業(yè)正處在關鍵的十字路口,面臨必要的適應、演變和重新調整。直面問題,并采取積極主動、富有創(chuàng)造性和戰(zhàn)略性的方法,將有助于現(xiàn)有業(yè)主和潛在投資界人士確保數(shù)百萬平方英尺商業(yè)地產的活力。”(財富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:中慧言-王芳

Commercial landlords face huge challenges in the work from home era as they confront the reality that empty desks and vacant office towers are here to stay.

In early 2020, only a few academics who had studied remote work for years suspected working from home would persist past the emergency phase of the pandemic. Almost three years in, over a quarter of U.S. employees are still logging in from their home offices most of the time, with that number expected to rise in the coming years.

The result: As much as 330 million square feet of U.S. office space could become vacant and unused by 2030 due to remote and hybrid work, according to a report released on February 22 by global real estate firm Cushman & Wakefield. When added to another 740 million square feet of space that will become vacant from “natural” causes, the total is around 1 billion square feet of unused office space building up over the next seven years.

In 2019, before the pandemic set fire to the commercial real estate market, the national office vacancy rate was around 12%. But by 2030, vacancy rates will soar 55% to around 18%, according to Cushman & Wakefield’s report.

The consequences on the commercial real estate industry of such a bust would be huge, as office tower building managers and landlords struggle to make up for the lost revenue, and city governments lose out on taxes from commercial properties.

“The relationship between job growth and office demand has fractured,” Kevin Thorpe, chief economist and head of global research at Cushman & Wakefield, said in a statement.

Empty offices

The fight between employers and employees over where to work is still raging, but hybrid work seems to be gaining an edge. That’s good news for workers who want to maintain some of their flexible schedules they enjoyed during the pandemic, but not so much for employers who invested big money in new office spaces in the past few years.

Many companies, especially in the tech sector, went on hiring sprees in late 2020 and 2021, and some ramped up investments in new office spaces in a bet that their newly bolstered workforces would return in-person soon. Companies including Google, Amazon, and Facebook-parent Meta swept up empty office buildings, first in Manhattan and then across the country, driven by a sense that offices would continue to be a key component of work. Tech companies were some of the first to widely adopt remote work, but some like Apple and Microsoft were also among the first to mandate employees return to the office.

Employees’ insistence on staying remote at least part of the time, as well as increasingly cloudy economic conditions for tech companies, forced the sector to reevaluate last year, and many firms were forced into offloading much of their newly acquired floor space. Companies including Salesforce and Meta were among the many that announced plans in recent months to unload offices worldwide in addition to cutting thousands of jobs.

Tech companies cutting back on their offices may herald a much wider drawdown in urban spaces designated for business over the coming years, and other sectors should start accepting that reality now, according to Cushman & Wakefield’s report.

“Obsolescence is kind of the word of the day right now,” Andrew McDonald, Cushman’s president, told the?FT on February 22 about the report’s findings, adding that the research should represent “an inflection point, perhaps” for how companies start viewing office space from here on out.

Coping with change

Early evidence of remote work’s impact on urban office neighborhoods, and the businesses that once served office workers, may have already emerged during the pandemic. In several studies last year, economists warned of a “doughnut effect,” or the migration of workers from city cores to suburban areas that is forcing many retail businesses and restaurants to relocate further from the city too.

Landlords and building managers have already had to adapt in New York City and Los Angeles, where empty office buildings have been converted into apartments and condos. City governments have voiced their concern over the potential loss of tax revenue from commercial real estate, as NYC’s comptroller warned in its budget forecast last August that empty offices were an “area of concern” as the city’s office vacancy rates hovered around 20%.

But Cushman’s report said that readjusting to the new normal is possible for owners of urban real estate if they are open to switching to the residential market, and invest more in amenities in buildings as sites for community events. Offices that survive will be those with owners who know how to incorporate “modern-era tenant preferences,” according to the report, including sustainability features and high-quality amenities.

“The office sector is facing a critical chapter of necessary adaptation, evolution, and recalibration,” Abby Corbett, global head of investor insights at Cushman, said in a statement. “Facing this recognition head-on and with a proactive, creative, and strategic approach will help both existing ownership and the prospective investment community ensure the viability of millions of square feet of commercial real estate space.”

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