從許多方面來看,美國經濟火力全開——至少在很多領域全速前進。自去年夏天以來,通貨膨脹率已顯著下降,自2020年新冠肺炎疫情引發經濟衰退以來,實際國內生產總值增長了近17%,雇主在2022年增加了創紀錄的450萬個工作崗位,根據上周1月份的就業報告,失業率降至3.4%,創53年來的新低之后,這一招聘趨勢一直持續到新的一年。
但是,全世界經濟方面的利好消息可能都不足以扭轉美國人對經濟、股市和介于兩者之間的一切的悲觀情緒,這種悲觀情緒成了頑疾。
根據蓋洛普周一發布的一項新民調,大多數美國人預計通貨膨脹率和利率將在未來六個月內上升,他們對同期經濟增長和股市表現的前景也同樣悲觀。
上個月的消費者物價指數報告將年度通脹率的連續下降時間延長至6個月,同比通脹率目前徘徊在6.5%。但蓋洛普在1月2日至1月22日期間收集的調查結果顯示,67%的美國成年人預計今年上半年通脹率將再次上升,其中39%的人認為通脹率將"大幅上升"。近四分之三的美國人預計利率將在未來六個月繼續上升,并拖累經濟增長,43%的人認為今年經濟增長將放緩。至于失業率,41%的美國人認為未來幾個月失業率將開始上升。
鑒于過去幾個月經濟方面的利好消息,包括前財政部長拉里·薩默斯(Larry Summers)在內的幾位曾經持悲觀態度的經濟學家都對經濟前景持樂觀態度。雖然最近的預計強調了當前經濟形勢的奇特性和不確定性,但最新的蓋洛普調查結果強調美國人的悲觀情緒成頑疾,而且近期經濟指標反映的現實與公眾認知之間的鴻溝日益擴大。
利好消息
美國經濟目前是否陷入衰退的問題凸顯了人們在觀點上的日益脫節。根據Morning Consult公司1月份的一項調查,幾乎一半的美國人認為美國經濟陷入衰退,但目前大多數指標都表明美國經濟沒有陷入衰退。
美國財政部長珍妮特·耶倫(Janet Yellen)周一在接受美國廣播公司《早安美國》節目采訪時表示,低失業率和強勁的勞動力市場并不是經濟萎縮的典型跡象。
她說:"如果就業市場有50萬個工作崗位,而且失業率處于50多年來的最低水平,那么就不會出現衰退。"她補充說,現在的經濟看起來"強勁而有彈性"。
去年最后幾個月工資增長放緩和消費支出減弱也支持了通貨膨脹正在降溫的論點,盡管這些因素也對美國員工造成了打擊,并可能導致對經濟的負面看法。通貨膨脹對美國中產階級來說尤其艱難,他們不得不動用儲蓄來維持生計。
2022年第四季度工資增長了1%,全年增長了5.1%,但由于高通脹,去年實際工資仍下降了1.2%。
普遍的悲觀情緒
但是,如果最近的經濟新聞都指向積極的方向,為什么大多數美國人仍然如此悲觀呢?
蓋洛普的調查顯示,一大重要因素可能是人們傾向于將股市表現與經濟表現聯系起來。與最近有關通脹和就業的利好消息不同,市場在過去一年里一直處于低迷狀態,預計至少在2023年底之前不會出現復蘇。
接受蓋洛普調查的美國人中,只有31%的人預計2023年上半年股市會有所好轉,而創紀錄的48%的人預計,隨著利率持續上升,股市會進一步下跌。
黨派分歧也加劇了美國人的悲觀情緒,共和黨人對通貨膨脹將上升的預期比民主黨人高23個百分點。共和黨人也更可能對股市表現、經濟增長和就業持悲觀態度。
自去年以來,共和黨人對經濟的看法更加悲觀。在美聯社-全國民意研究中心(AP-NORC)12月的一項調查中,超過一半的美國人認為自己的個人財務狀況良好,但59%的民主黨人認為整體經濟狀況“糟糕”,而共和黨人的這一比例為90%。
過去一年,拜登總統因政府對通貨膨脹和公共開支計劃的處理方式,包括去年的《通脹削減法案》,經常受到共和黨議員的批評。但拜登預計將在周二的國情咨文演講中重點強調近期經濟方面的利好消息,他也可能在2024年競選連任時重點強調經濟方面的利好消息。(財富中文網)
譯者:中慧言-王芳
從許多方面來看,美國經濟火力全開——至少在很多領域全速前進。自去年夏天以來,通貨膨脹率已顯著下降,自2020年新冠肺炎疫情引發經濟衰退以來,實際國內生產總值增長了近17%,雇主在2022年增加了創紀錄的450萬個工作崗位,根據上周1月份的就業報告,失業率降至3.4%,創53年來的新低之后,這一招聘趨勢一直持續到新的一年。
但是,全世界經濟方面的利好消息可能都不足以扭轉美國人對經濟、股市和介于兩者之間的一切的悲觀情緒,這種悲觀情緒成了頑疾。
根據蓋洛普周一發布的一項新民調,大多數美國人預計通貨膨脹率和利率將在未來六個月內上升,他們對同期經濟增長和股市表現的前景也同樣悲觀。
上個月的消費者物價指數報告將年度通脹率的連續下降時間延長至6個月,同比通脹率目前徘徊在6.5%。但蓋洛普在1月2日至1月22日期間收集的調查結果顯示,67%的美國成年人預計今年上半年通脹率將再次上升,其中39%的人認為通脹率將"大幅上升"。近四分之三的美國人預計利率將在未來六個月繼續上升,并拖累經濟增長,43%的人認為今年經濟增長將放緩。至于失業率,41%的美國人認為未來幾個月失業率將開始上升。
鑒于過去幾個月經濟方面的利好消息,包括前財政部長拉里·薩默斯(Larry Summers)在內的幾位曾經持悲觀態度的經濟學家都對經濟前景持樂觀態度。雖然最近的預計強調了當前經濟形勢的奇特性和不確定性,但最新的蓋洛普調查結果強調美國人的悲觀情緒成頑疾,而且近期經濟指標反映的現實與公眾認知之間的鴻溝日益擴大。
利好消息
美國經濟目前是否陷入衰退的問題凸顯了人們在觀點上的日益脫節。根據Morning Consult公司1月份的一項調查,幾乎一半的美國人認為美國經濟陷入衰退,但目前大多數指標都表明美國經濟沒有陷入衰退。
美國財政部長珍妮特·耶倫(Janet Yellen)周一在接受美國廣播公司《早安美國》節目采訪時表示,低失業率和強勁的勞動力市場并不是經濟萎縮的典型跡象。
她說:"如果就業市場有50萬個工作崗位,而且失業率處于50多年來的最低水平,那么就不會出現衰退。"她補充說,現在的經濟看起來"強勁而有彈性"。
去年最后幾個月工資增長放緩和消費支出減弱也支持了通貨膨脹正在降溫的論點,盡管這些因素也對美國員工造成了打擊,并可能導致對經濟的負面看法。通貨膨脹對美國中產階級來說尤其艱難,他們不得不動用儲蓄來維持生計。
2022年第四季度工資增長了1%,全年增長了5.1%,但由于高通脹,去年實際工資仍下降了1.2%。
普遍的悲觀情緒
但是,如果最近的經濟新聞都指向積極的方向,為什么大多數美國人仍然如此悲觀呢?
蓋洛普的調查顯示,一大重要因素可能是人們傾向于將股市表現與經濟表現聯系起來。與最近有關通脹和就業的利好消息不同,市場在過去一年里一直處于低迷狀態,預計至少在2023年底之前不會出現復蘇。
接受蓋洛普調查的美國人中,只有31%的人預計2023年上半年股市會有所好轉,而創紀錄的48%的人預計,隨著利率持續上升,股市會進一步下跌。
黨派分歧也加劇了美國人的悲觀情緒,共和黨人對通貨膨脹將上升的預期比民主黨人高23個百分點。共和黨人也更可能對股市表現、經濟增長和就業持悲觀態度。
自去年以來,共和黨人對經濟的看法更加悲觀。在美聯社-全國民意研究中心(AP-NORC)12月的一項調查中,超過一半的美國人認為自己的個人財務狀況良好,但59%的民主黨人認為整體經濟狀況“糟糕”,而共和黨人的這一比例為90%。
過去一年,拜登總統因政府對通貨膨脹和公共開支計劃的處理方式,包括去年的《通脹削減法案》,經常受到共和黨議員的批評。但拜登預計將在周二的國情咨文演講中重點強調近期經濟方面的利好消息,他也可能在2024年競選連任時重點強調經濟方面的利好消息。(財富中文網)
譯者:中慧言-王芳
By many accounts, the U.S. economy is firing on all cylinders—or at least a lot of cylinders. Inflation has come down markedly since last summer, real GDP has grown nearly 17% since the pandemic-induced 2020 recession, and employers added a record 4.5 million jobs in 2022, a hiring trend that has continued into the new year after last week’s explosive January jobs report brought the unemployment rate down to 3.4%, a 53-year low.
But all the good economic news in the world may not be enough to reverse Americans’ stubborn pessimism towards the economy, the stock market, and everything in between.
The majority of Americans are predicting inflation and interest rates will rise over the next six months, and they’re similarly pessimistic on the prospects of economic growth and stock market performance over the same period, according to a new poll released by Gallup Monday.
Last month’s CPI report extended the annual inflation rate’s decline streak to six consecutive months, and year-over-year inflation now hovers at 6.5%. But 67% of U.S. adults are forecasting inflation to rise again in the first half of the year, including 39% who say it will “go up a lot,” according to the Gallup poll, which collected results between Jan. 2 and Jan. 22. Nearly three-quarters of Americans expect interest rates to continue rising over the next six months and drag down economic growth, and 43% say it will slow this year. As for unemployment, 41% of Americans say it will start trending upward in the next few months.
In light of the positive economic news of the past few months, several once-pessimistic economists including former Treasury Secretary Larry Summers have brightened up on the economy’s prospects. And while recent forecasts have emphasized the current economic landscape’s strangeness and uncertainty, the latest Gallup results underscore the resilience of American gloominess, as well as the widening gulf between the reality of recent economic indicators and public perception.
The good news
Highlighting the growing disconnect in economic views is the question of whether the U.S. economy is currently in a recession. Almost half of Americans say it is, according to a January survey by Morning Consult, but most indicators right now are pointing to an economy that looks anything but recession-like.
Low unemployment and a strong labor market are not signs of an economy typically contracting, Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen said in a Monday interview with ABC’s Good Morning America.
“You don’t have a recession when you have 500,000 jobs and the lowest unemployment rate in more than 50 years,” she said, adding that the economy right now is looking “strong and resilient.”
Slower wage growth and weakening consumer spending in the last few months of last year also support the argument that inflation is on its way down, although these same factors have also dealt a blow to American workers, and may have lended to negative views on the economy. Inflation has been especially hard for the U.S. middle class, which has had to dip into savings just to get by.
Wages grew by 1% in the last quarter of 2022, and rose 5.1% over the entire year, but because of high inflation, real wages still declined 1.2% last year.
Prevailing pessimism
But if the recent economic news has all pointed in a positive direction, why are most Americans still so pessimistic?
An important factor may be a tendency to associate the stock market’s performance with that of the economy, according to the Gallup poll. Unlike recent positive news surrounding inflation and employment, markets have been in a rut for the past year, and forecasts aren’t betting on a recovery until the end of 2023 at least.
Only 31% of Americans polled by Gallup expect the stock market to improve in the first half of 2023, while a record-high 48% forecast it to fall even further as interest rates continue to rise.
Partisanship also played a role in Americans’ gloominess, with Republicans’ expectations that inflation will rise 23 percentage points higher than Democrats. Republicans were also more likely to hold pessimistic views towards the stock market’s performance, economic growth, and employment.
Republicans have been more gloomy about the economy since last year. While more than half of Americans described their personal financial situation as good in a December survey by AP-NORC, 59% of Democrats described the economy overall as “poor,” compared to 90% of Republicans.
President Biden has been routinely criticized by Republican lawmakers over the past year for his administration’s handling of inflation and public spending plans, including last year’s Inflation Reduction Act. But Biden is expected to double down on recent economic good news during Tuesday’s State of the Union address and for his likely 2024 reelection campaign.