你是中年人,在感染新冠后出現了新的癥狀——疲勞、腦霧、關節疼痛。這是新冠長期癥狀嗎?還是你只是變老了?
如果你發現自己在考慮這個問題,你會發現自己并不是唯一一個這樣想的人。
約翰斯·霍普金斯大學醫學院新冠長期癥狀診所的聯席主任阿爾巴·米蘭達·阿佐拉(Alba Miranda Azola)博士告訴《財富》雜志:“這是一回事?!?/p>
考慮到全球官方記錄的新冠確診病例接近6.5億例,而且全球約10%的人口年齡在65歲或以上,老齡化和新冠長期癥狀必然會有很大的交集。對于許多人來說,衰老過程從中年早期開始就變得很明顯,這一點尤其如此。
隨著患者年齡的增長,“我認為情況會變得有點復雜。”阿佐拉說。
目前,新冠長期癥狀還沒有官方診斷標準。甚至新冠長期癥狀的定義也因人而異,盡管它通常被認為是在感染新冠期間開始或在感染后出現的新癥狀,這些癥狀持續數周或數月。
更復雜的是,由于遺傳和環境因素,這些癥狀和衰老的時機可能有很大差異。因此,阿佐拉和其他專家說,不可能確切地說你的新癥狀是由于衰老還是新冠長期癥狀,兩者都是,或者兩者都不是。
她說:“可能是新冠長期癥狀嗎?簡短的回答是沒錯。但很難弄清楚這些癥狀是新冠長期癥狀還是其他因素在起作用?!?/p>
“雞生蛋還是蛋生雞”的兩難境地
專家說,從持續咳嗽和疲勞到耳朵麻木和“大腦著火”的感覺,已經確定有200多種癥狀,毋庸置疑的是,新冠長期癥狀不是一種疾病,而是多種疾病。
許多人認為,真正的新冠長期癥狀最好被定義為感染新冠后出現的慢性疲勞綜合征,類似于感染皰疹、萊姆病和埃博拉等病毒后可能出現的其他病毒后綜合征。
專家說,其他后新冠并發癥,如器官損傷,不應被定義為新冠長期癥狀,而更適合納入急性新冠后遺癥(PASC)這一更大的范疇。這一術語也被稱為急性新冠后遺癥,用于涵蓋各種新冠后果,從類似慢性疲勞癥狀和隨后的心臟病,到持久的肺部損傷,再到尿失禁、瘙癢和皮膚損傷等奇怪的新癥狀。
衰老的跡象可能與新冠長期癥狀重疊,或者至少感覺上是這樣。根據世界衛生組織的數據,除了疲勞之外,這些癥狀還包括背部和頸部疼痛、骨關節炎、慢性阻塞性肺病和癡呆癥等。
根據華盛頓大學衛生計量與評估研究所的數據,無論是否被正式診斷,估計全球近60%的人口都曾感染過新冠。美國國家猶太健康中心(丹佛)的肺科醫生尼爾·戈爾茨坦(Nir Goldstein)博士說,既然全球大多數公民都感染過這種病毒,很難確定這種病毒引起或導致了哪些新的癥狀和病癥。他負責該醫院開設的新冠長期癥狀診所。
他對《財富》雜志表示:“從臨床角度來看,從時間上界定因果關系變得頗具挑戰性?!?/p>
時機是一種暗示
約翰斯·霍普金斯大學肺部和重癥監護醫學部助理教授帕納吉斯·加利亞薩托斯(Panagis Galiatsatos)博士在接受《財富》雜志采訪時表示,衰老癥狀往往是逐漸出現的。新冠長期癥狀則不然。
在談到感染新冠后的新冠長期癥狀時,他說:“‘在我感覺這樣之前’和‘在我感覺這樣之后’之間真的有明顯的區別。我沒有看到太多的人把他們的癥狀和衰老相混淆?!?/p>
他補充說:“很多患者會告訴你,他們在感染新冠之后感覺自己變老了?!?/p>
阿佐拉有許多老年患者,他們在過去兩年中由于疫情限制而減少活動,現在抱怨運動使他們筋疲力盡。她說,至少對他們的一些癥狀來說,應該歸咎于他們在疫情期間活動減少——而不是病毒。
她說:“老年人群在隔離數年來活動減少,然后身體機能下降?!?/p>
她說,“大多數人對更多的漸進式體育鍛煉方法或物理治療反應良好?!?/p>
專家說,就目前而言,什么原因導致你的癥狀并不重要,因為還沒有批準專門針對新冠長期癥狀的治療方法。醫生們治療的是癥狀本身,而不管原因是什么。
戈爾茨坦說,最終,如果確定了新冠長期癥狀背后的確切機制,并發現了治療方法,那么癥狀的原因可能會很重要。
“但就目前而言,實際上,癥狀的原因并不重要。”他說。(財富中文網)
譯者:中慧言-王芳
疲勞和其他癥狀是新冠長期癥狀還是僅僅是衰老的表現?
你是中年人,在感染新冠后出現了新的癥狀——疲勞、腦霧、關節疼痛。這是新冠長期癥狀嗎?還是你只是變老了?
如果你發現自己在考慮這個問題,你會發現自己并不是唯一一個這樣想的人。
約翰斯·霍普金斯大學醫學院新冠長期癥狀診所的聯席主任阿爾巴·米蘭達·阿佐拉(Alba Miranda Azola)博士告訴《財富》雜志:“這是一回事?!?/p>
考慮到全球官方記錄的新冠確診病例接近6.5億例,而且全球約10%的人口年齡在65歲或以上,老齡化和新冠長期癥狀必然會有很大的交集。對于許多人來說,衰老過程從中年早期開始就變得很明顯,這一點尤其如此。
隨著患者年齡的增長,“我認為情況會變得有點復雜?!卑⒆衾f。
目前,新冠長期癥狀還沒有官方診斷標準。甚至新冠長期癥狀的定義也因人而異,盡管它通常被認為是在感染新冠期間開始或在感染后出現的新癥狀,這些癥狀持續數周或數月。
更復雜的是,由于遺傳和環境因素,這些癥狀和衰老的時機可能有很大差異。因此,阿佐拉和其他專家說,不可能確切地說你的新癥狀是由于衰老還是新冠長期癥狀,兩者都是,或者兩者都不是。
她說:“可能是新冠長期癥狀嗎?簡短的回答是沒錯。但很難弄清楚這些癥狀是新冠長期癥狀還是其他因素在起作用。”
“雞生蛋還是蛋生雞”的兩難境地
專家說,從持續咳嗽和疲勞到耳朵麻木和“大腦著火”的感覺,已經確定有200多種癥狀,毋庸置疑的是,新冠長期癥狀不是一種疾病,而是多種疾病。
許多人認為,真正的新冠長期癥狀最好被定義為感染新冠后出現的慢性疲勞綜合征,類似于感染皰疹、萊姆病和埃博拉等病毒后可能出現的其他病毒后綜合征。
專家說,其他后新冠并發癥,如器官損傷,不應被定義為新冠長期癥狀,而更適合納入急性新冠后遺癥(PASC)這一更大的范疇。這一術語也被稱為急性新冠后遺癥,用于涵蓋各種新冠后果,從類似慢性疲勞癥狀和隨后的心臟病,到持久的肺部損傷,再到尿失禁、瘙癢和皮膚損傷等奇怪的新癥狀。
衰老的跡象可能與新冠長期癥狀重疊,或者至少感覺上是這樣。根據世界衛生組織的數據,除了疲勞之外,這些癥狀還包括背部和頸部疼痛、骨關節炎、慢性阻塞性肺病和癡呆癥等。
根據華盛頓大學衛生計量與評估研究所的數據,無論是否被正式診斷,估計全球近60%的人口都曾感染過新冠。美國國家猶太健康中心(丹佛)的肺科醫生尼爾·戈爾茨坦(Nir Goldstein)博士說,既然全球大多數公民都感染過這種病毒,很難確定這種病毒引起或導致了哪些新的癥狀和病癥。他負責該醫院開設的新冠長期癥狀診所。
他對《財富》雜志表示:“從臨床角度來看,從時間上界定因果關系變得頗具挑戰性。”
時機是一種暗示
約翰斯·霍普金斯大學肺部和重癥監護醫學部助理教授帕納吉斯·加利亞薩托斯(Panagis Galiatsatos)博士在接受《財富》雜志采訪時表示,衰老癥狀往往是逐漸出現的。新冠長期癥狀則不然。
在談到感染新冠后的新冠長期癥狀時,他說:“‘在我感覺這樣之前’和‘在我感覺這樣之后’之間真的有明顯的區別。我沒有看到太多的人把他們的癥狀和衰老相混淆。”
他補充說:“很多患者會告訴你,他們在感染新冠之后感覺自己變老了?!?/p>
阿佐拉有許多老年患者,他們在過去兩年中由于疫情限制而減少活動,現在抱怨運動使他們筋疲力盡。她說,至少對他們的一些癥狀來說,應該歸咎于他們在疫情期間活動減少——而不是病毒。
她說:“老年人群在隔離數年來活動減少,然后身體機能下降?!?/p>
她說,“大多數人對更多的漸進式體育鍛煉方法或物理治療反應良好。”
專家說,就目前而言,什么原因導致你的癥狀并不重要,因為還沒有批準專門針對新冠長期癥狀的治療方法。醫生們治療的是癥狀本身,而不管原因是什么。
戈爾茨坦說,最終,如果確定了新冠長期癥狀背后的確切機制,并發現了治療方法,那么癥狀的原因可能會很重要。
“但就目前而言,實際上,癥狀的原因并不重要?!彼f。(財富中文網)
譯者:中慧言-王芳
Are your fatigue and other symptoms long COVID or merely aging?
GETTY IMAGES
You’re middle-aged with new symptoms after your COVID infection—fatigue, brain fog, joint pain. Is it long COVID? Or are you just getting older?
If you’ve found yourself wondering, you’re not alone.
“It’s a thing,” Dr. Alba Miranda Azola, codirector of Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine’s long COVID clinic, told Fortune.
Given that the world has seen just shy of 650 million officially recorded COVID cases—and that about 10% of the world’s population is age 65 or older—aging and long COVID are bound to intersect in a big way. This is especially true given that the aging process, for many, becomes noticeable starting in early middle age.
As patients get older, “I think it gets a little bit muddy,” Azola said.
Currently, there are no official diagnostic criteria for long COVID. Even the definition of the condition varies depending on whom you talk to, though it’s generally considered to be new symptoms that start during a COVID infection or appear after one, and persist for weeks or months.
Complicating matters, symptoms and timing of aging can vary widely due to genetic and environmental factors. Thus, it’s not possible to definitively say whether your new symptoms are due to aging or long COVID, both, or neither, Azola and other experts say.
“Could it be long COVID? The short answer is yes,” she said. “But it’s difficult to tease out whether it’s long COVID or whether other things are contributing.”
A ‘chicken or the egg?’ dilemma
With more than 200 symptoms identified—from lingering cough and fatigue to ear numbness and a sensation of “brain on fire”—long COVID is undoubtedly not one but multiple conditions, experts say.
True long COVID, many contend, is best defined as a chronic-fatigue-syndrome-like condition that develops after a COVID infection, similar to other postviral syndromes that can occur after an infection with herpes, Lyme disease, and Ebola, among others.
Other post-COVID complications like organ damage should not be defined as long COVID and better fit into the larger umbrella category of PASC, experts say. Also known as post-acute sequelae of COVID-19, the term is used to encompass a wide variety of COVID consequences, from the chronic-fatigue-like symptoms and subsequent heart disease to lasting lung damage to odd new symptoms like urinary incontinence, itching, and skin lesions.
Signs of aging can overlap with long COVID, or at least feel like they do. They often include back and neck pain, osteoarthritis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and dementia, among others, according to the World Health Organization, in addition to fatigue.
Officially diagnosed or not, nearly 60% of the global population is estimated to have been infected with COVID, according to the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation at the University of Washington. Now that the majority of global citizens have experienced the virus, determining what new symptoms and conditions the virus caused, or contributed to, is difficult, said Dr. Nir Goldstein, a pulmonologist at National Jewish Health in Denver who runs the hospital’s long COVID clinic.
“It becomes challenging from a clinical perspective to temporally define causation,” he told Fortune.
Timing as a tell
Aging symptoms tend to appear gradually, Dr. Panagis Galiatsatos, an assistant professor in Johns Hopkins’ division of pulmonary and critical care medicine who sees long COVID patients, told Fortune. Not so with long COVID.
“There really is a stark difference between, ‘Before I felt like this’ and ‘After I felt like that,’” he said regarding long COVID symptoms after a COVID infection. “I don’t get too many people confusing their symptoms with aging.”
“A lot of patients will tell you they feel like they’ve aged after COVID,” he added.
Azola has many elderly patients who were less active during the past two years due to pandemic restrictions and now complain that exercise exhausts them. Decreased activity during the pandemic—not the virus—could be to blame, at least for some of their symptoms, she said.
“The older population is experiencing a mix of decreased activity during the years of isolation, and then deconditioning,” she said.
“Most respond well to more physical approaches to progression of activity” or physical therapy, she said.
For now, it doesn’t matter what’s causing your symptoms, experts say, since no treatments specifically for long COVID have been approved. Doctors treat the symptoms, regardless of cause.
Eventually, the cause of the symptoms could matter if the exact mechanisms behind long COVID are determined and treatments are developed, Goldstein said.
“But at this point, practically, it doesn’t,” he said.