特拉維斯·拉波扎第一次聽到美國總統(tǒng)喬·拜登打算免除數(shù)百萬借款人的學生貸款時,持謹慎樂觀的態(tài)度。
按照拜登在今年8月公布的計劃,作為佩爾助學金(Pell Grant)的獲得者,拉波扎有資格獲得2萬美元的貸款減免。再加上過去四年他和父母同住時攢下的錢,他終于能夠還清債務,搬出去自己住了。
拉波扎本以為,華府的領(lǐng)導終于聽到了他們這代人的心聲,終于開始采取措施來解決千禧一代面臨的財務焦慮和困境。
他在接受《財富》雜志采訪時稱,他早應該更清醒一點。由于保守派和自由主義團體提出的多項法律質(zhì)疑,拜登的減免計劃遭到擱置,貸款者的興奮如曇花一現(xiàn)。這項計劃的命運現(xiàn)在掌握在美國最高法院(U.S. Supreme Court)手中。
“我當時欣喜若狂,誰不會呢?”31歲的拉波扎在聽說拜登的債務減免計劃時表示。“但我們怎么可能得到這么好的東西呢?我不認為我們應該有任何期待。”
如果你是千禧一代,期望值自然而然就降低了。千禧一代出生于1981年至1996年期間,他們遭遇了一次又一次的財務挫折。他們經(jīng)歷了不止一次全球危機的沉重打擊,兩次——經(jīng)濟大衰退(Great Recession)和新冠疫情——而這類所謂的“黑天鵝”事件,通常一代人才會遇上一次。這些事件對千禧一代的個人財務產(chǎn)生了巨大影響:他們推遲買房(如果還有買得起的那一天的話),推遲結(jié)婚,對生孩子持觀望態(tài)度。他們干的工作比父母輩更多,卻被一遍又一遍地批評為懶惰和自私。
他們中有許多人都和拉波扎一樣,覺得自己是被父母逼著讀了昂貴的大學。父母對他們說,高等教育是通往美好生活的入場券。但是,盡管他們比父母輩受教育程度更高,但由于大學學費飆升,這種教育帶來的學生貸款債務負擔也大幅提升。
位于紐約的律師事務所Davidoff Hutcher & Citron的聯(lián)邦政府關(guān)系主管喬納森·麥科勒姆說:“學生貸款減免的希望就擺在他們面前,卻可能很快變成竹籃打水一場空,而這只是一長串問題中最新的一個。”
大學畢業(yè)生的工資中位數(shù)仍然高于非大學畢業(yè)生和沒有上過大學的人,但卻跟不上生活成本的上漲節(jié)奏。除了打破歷史紀錄的高房價,如今許多年輕人每個月還欠著數(shù)百美元(如果不是數(shù)千美元的話)的學生貸款。
“更令人沮喪的是,嬰兒潮一代會說:‘我還清了學生貸款,你為什么還不上?’他們根本沒有想過讀大學的費用在30年里上漲了三倍多。”布魯金斯學會(Brookings Institution)的高級研究員安德烈·佩里指出:“為了拿到學位從而支持知識經(jīng)濟,這個群體竭盡所能做了每一點應該做的努力,卻不得不比父輩承擔更高昂的成本,這個事實令人沮喪。”
難以成真的好消息
拜登宣布其學生貸款減免計劃時,曾經(jīng)給被債務困住的人們帶來了一絲希望。然而,千禧一代卻可以再一次把它添加到失望清單中了,清單里大大小小的承諾都落空了,無論是買得起房還是買到一張?zhí)├铡に雇蛱氐难莩獣T票。
先說住房。聯(lián)邦學生貸款在新冠疫情期間暫停還款,使一些千禧一代終于在財務上足夠穩(wěn)定,能夠買房了,雖然全國各地的房價已經(jīng)突破歷史紀錄。不過抵押貸款利率處于史上最低水平,給了首次購房者一個短暫的窗口期,讓他們的錢可以花在更多的地方。隨著每個月都能夠存下一點錢,千禧一代終于敢想一想如果不考慮債務的話,可以買點什么。拉波扎和其他一些年輕人說,如果貸款減免能夠推行,他們就總有一天可以攢夠錢買房。
今年,抵押貸款利率飆升,房價又持續(xù)創(chuàng)下新高,再次將大批首套房購買者拒之門外。
千禧一代甚至在不工作的時候都無法順心如意。即使他們有閑錢能夠買音樂會門票找樂子,也仍然會一頭撞上前面幾代人筑起的高墻。今年11月初,數(shù)百萬人試圖登錄Ticketmaster購買泰勒·斯威夫特美國巡演的門票,但系統(tǒng)崩潰了。如果Ticketmaster沒有被LiveNation合并,買票會不會更容易?(包括典型的千禧一代政客、眾議員亞歷山德里婭·奧卡西奧-科爾特斯在內(nèi)的諸多民主黨人都將這次合并稱為壟斷。)這很難說,但這種經(jīng)歷極具象征性,千禧一代就是一直這么倒霉:巨額債務、低工資、高生活成本,還有嬰兒潮一代制定的大批政策讓他們遠離成功和幸福。
“感覺好像什么都是沖著我們來的。”41歲的賈內(nèi)特·亞當斯還清了5萬美元的學生貸款,現(xiàn)在幫助別人進行個人財務管理,他說:“對千禧一代來說,每一件事情相互聯(lián)系,共同影響著他們的財務狀況。”
一個挫折疊著一個挫折。千禧一代貸款上好學校,希望可以找到一份好工作。但這份貸款使許多人買不上房、存不下錢或者投不了資。正因如此,與嬰兒潮一代相比,他們在相同年紀時擁有的財富要更少。
很快,這代人就得集體邁入需要照顧年邁父母的年紀,平添更多的經(jīng)濟壓力。黑人和其他非白人千禧一代的困境更加突出。
佩里表示:“就好像是我們不想讓千禧一代從美國夢里分一塊蛋糕。”
所以他們應該贏一場了。但是拉波扎說,拜登已經(jīng)要求由六名保守派法官和三名自由派法官組成的美國最高法院對學生貸款減免計劃的合法性做出裁決,這場勝利看起來不太可能以減免學生貸的形式出現(xiàn)了。
他說:“就像你準備去打棒球,天卻在下雨,我不指望會有一場精彩的比賽。”
盡管如此,拉波扎和佩里都表示政府需要做些什么來幫助它的公民。說“不要上大學”不是解決辦法;他們說,美國需要受過教育的勞動力來保持競爭力。
他們希望看到共和黨為解決美國高等教育成本危機提出一些方案,而不僅僅是給學生貸款減免項目和其他民主黨政策設置障礙。拉波扎并沒有放棄,他仍然希望政府能夠做些什么來幫助他和他的后代。
“他們給我們畫了大餅,卻并沒有實現(xiàn),我們只能獨自承擔后果。”拉波扎說:“誰可以幫我們一把?你們看不出我們受到的沖擊有多嚴重嗎?”(財富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:Agatha
特拉維斯·拉波扎第一次聽到美國總統(tǒng)喬·拜登打算免除數(shù)百萬借款人的學生貸款時,持謹慎樂觀的態(tài)度。
按照拜登在今年8月公布的計劃,作為佩爾助學金(Pell Grant)的獲得者,拉波扎有資格獲得2萬美元的貸款減免。再加上過去四年他和父母同住時攢下的錢,他終于能夠還清債務,搬出去自己住了。
拉波扎本以為,華府的領(lǐng)導終于聽到了他們這代人的心聲,終于開始采取措施來解決千禧一代面臨的財務焦慮和困境。
他在接受《財富》雜志采訪時稱,他早應該更清醒一點。由于保守派和自由主義團體提出的多項法律質(zhì)疑,拜登的減免計劃遭到擱置,貸款者的興奮如曇花一現(xiàn)。這項計劃的命運現(xiàn)在掌握在美國最高法院(U.S. Supreme Court)手中。
“我當時欣喜若狂,誰不會呢?”31歲的拉波扎在聽說拜登的債務減免計劃時表示。“但我們怎么可能得到這么好的東西呢?我不認為我們應該有任何期待。”
如果你是千禧一代,期望值自然而然就降低了。千禧一代出生于1981年至1996年期間,他們遭遇了一次又一次的財務挫折。他們經(jīng)歷了不止一次全球危機的沉重打擊,兩次——經(jīng)濟大衰退(Great Recession)和新冠疫情——而這類所謂的“黑天鵝”事件,通常一代人才會遇上一次。這些事件對千禧一代的個人財務產(chǎn)生了巨大影響:他們推遲買房(如果還有買得起的那一天的話),推遲結(jié)婚,對生孩子持觀望態(tài)度。他們干的工作比父母輩更多,卻被一遍又一遍地批評為懶惰和自私。
他們中有許多人都和拉波扎一樣,覺得自己是被父母逼著讀了昂貴的大學。父母對他們說,高等教育是通往美好生活的入場券。但是,盡管他們比父母輩受教育程度更高,但由于大學學費飆升,這種教育帶來的學生貸款債務負擔也大幅提升。
位于紐約的律師事務所Davidoff Hutcher & Citron的聯(lián)邦政府關(guān)系主管喬納森·麥科勒姆說:“學生貸款減免的希望就擺在他們面前,卻可能很快變成竹籃打水一場空,而這只是一長串問題中最新的一個。”
大學畢業(yè)生的工資中位數(shù)仍然高于非大學畢業(yè)生和沒有上過大學的人,但卻跟不上生活成本的上漲節(jié)奏。除了打破歷史紀錄的高房價,如今許多年輕人每個月還欠著數(shù)百美元(如果不是數(shù)千美元的話)的學生貸款。
“更令人沮喪的是,嬰兒潮一代會說:‘我還清了學生貸款,你為什么還不上?’他們根本沒有想過讀大學的費用在30年里上漲了三倍多。”布魯金斯學會(Brookings Institution)的高級研究員安德烈·佩里指出:“為了拿到學位從而支持知識經(jīng)濟,這個群體竭盡所能做了每一點應該做的努力,卻不得不比父輩承擔更高昂的成本,這個事實令人沮喪。”
難以成真的好消息
拜登宣布其學生貸款減免計劃時,曾經(jīng)給被債務困住的人們帶來了一絲希望。然而,千禧一代卻可以再一次把它添加到失望清單中了,清單里大大小小的承諾都落空了,無論是買得起房還是買到一張?zhí)├铡に雇蛱氐难莩獣T票。
先說住房。聯(lián)邦學生貸款在新冠疫情期間暫停還款,使一些千禧一代終于在財務上足夠穩(wěn)定,能夠買房了,雖然全國各地的房價已經(jīng)突破歷史紀錄。不過抵押貸款利率處于史上最低水平,給了首次購房者一個短暫的窗口期,讓他們的錢可以花在更多的地方。隨著每個月都能夠存下一點錢,千禧一代終于敢想一想如果不考慮債務的話,可以買點什么。拉波扎和其他一些年輕人說,如果貸款減免能夠推行,他們就總有一天可以攢夠錢買房。
今年,抵押貸款利率飆升,房價又持續(xù)創(chuàng)下新高,再次將大批首套房購買者拒之門外。
千禧一代甚至在不工作的時候都無法順心如意。即使他們有閑錢能夠買音樂會門票找樂子,也仍然會一頭撞上前面幾代人筑起的高墻。今年11月初,數(shù)百萬人試圖登錄Ticketmaster購買泰勒·斯威夫特美國巡演的門票,但系統(tǒng)崩潰了。如果Ticketmaster沒有被LiveNation合并,買票會不會更容易?(包括典型的千禧一代政客、眾議員亞歷山德里婭·奧卡西奧-科爾特斯在內(nèi)的諸多民主黨人都將這次合并稱為壟斷。)這很難說,但這種經(jīng)歷極具象征性,千禧一代就是一直這么倒霉:巨額債務、低工資、高生活成本,還有嬰兒潮一代制定的大批政策讓他們遠離成功和幸福。
“感覺好像什么都是沖著我們來的。”41歲的賈內(nèi)特·亞當斯還清了5萬美元的學生貸款,現(xiàn)在幫助別人進行個人財務管理,他說:“對千禧一代來說,每一件事情相互聯(lián)系,共同影響著他們的財務狀況。”
一個挫折疊著一個挫折。千禧一代貸款上好學校,希望可以找到一份好工作。但這份貸款使許多人買不上房、存不下錢或者投不了資。正因如此,與嬰兒潮一代相比,他們在相同年紀時擁有的財富要更少。
很快,這代人就得集體邁入需要照顧年邁父母的年紀,平添更多的經(jīng)濟壓力。黑人和其他非白人千禧一代的困境更加突出。
佩里表示:“就好像是我們不想讓千禧一代從美國夢里分一塊蛋糕。”
所以他們應該贏一場了。但是拉波扎說,拜登已經(jīng)要求由六名保守派法官和三名自由派法官組成的美國最高法院對學生貸款減免計劃的合法性做出裁決,這場勝利看起來不太可能以減免學生貸的形式出現(xiàn)了。
他說:“就像你準備去打棒球,天卻在下雨,我不指望會有一場精彩的比賽。”
盡管如此,拉波扎和佩里都表示政府需要做些什么來幫助它的公民。說“不要上大學”不是解決辦法;他們說,美國需要受過教育的勞動力來保持競爭力。
他們希望看到共和黨為解決美國高等教育成本危機提出一些方案,而不僅僅是給學生貸款減免項目和其他民主黨政策設置障礙。拉波扎并沒有放棄,他仍然希望政府能夠做些什么來幫助他和他的后代。
“他們給我們畫了大餅,卻并沒有實現(xiàn),我們只能獨自承擔后果。”拉波扎說:“誰可以幫我們一把?你們看不出我們受到的沖擊有多嚴重嗎?”(財富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:Agatha
When he first heard about President Joe Biden’s plan to forgive student loan debt for millions of federal borrowers, Travis Rapoza was cautiously optimistic.
A Pell Grant recipient, Rapoza qualifies for $20,000 in loan forgiveness under the plan that Biden unveiled in August. Coupled with money he’s saved while living with his parents for the past four years, he would finally be debt-free and could move out on his own.
Finally, Rapoza thought, his generation was being heard by leaders in Washington D.C. Finally, something was being done to address the financial anxiety and hardship many millennials face.
He should have known better, he tells Fortune. The excitement felt by many federal borrowers was short-lived as Biden’s forgiveness plan was put on hold due to multiple legal challenges from conservative and libertarian groups. Its fate now rests with the U.S. Supreme Court.
“I was ecstatic, who wouldn’t be?” says Rapoza, 31, of when he learned of Biden’s debt forgiveness plan. “But why would we get a nice thing? I don’t think we’re expecting anything.”
Low expectations come with the territory when you’re a millennial. The generation, which includes those born between 1981 and 1996, has faced one financial set back after another. They’ve been hit hard by not one but two global crises—the Great Recession and the COVID-19 pandemic—so-called “Black Swan” events that typically happen once in a generation. These events have had an outsized impact on their financial lives: They’re buying houses later (if they can afford them at all), pushing back marriage, and on-the-fence about children. They’re working more than their parents while being told over and over that they’re lazy and selfish.
Many, like Rapoza, feel like they were pushed to attend expensive colleges by mom and dad, who told them higher education was the ticket to a better life. But while they are more educated than their parents’ generations, that education came with a significantly higher student loan debt load, as college costs soared.
“The possibility of student loan relief being dangled in front of them, only to be potentially snatched away, is the latest in a long line of issues,” says Jonathan McCollum, chair of federal government relations at New York law firm Davidoff Hutcher & Citron.
Median wages are still higher for college graduates than non-grads and those who don’t attend, but they have not kept pace with the cost of living. On top of record housing prices, many of today’s young adults also owe hundreds (if not thousands) each month on their student loans.
“What’s really frustrating is when I hear baby boomers say, ‘Well I paid for my student loans, why can’t you?’ Not reckoning with the reality that the price of going to college has increased more than threefold in 30 years,” says André Perry, a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution. “It is frustrating when you have a group of individuals who are doing everything they are asked to do in terms of getting a degree so they can support a knowledge economy, and yet having to shoulder a greater proportion of the cost than their predecessors.”
Too good to be true
When it was announced, Biden’s student loan relief plan offered a glimmer of hope for those who feel trapped by their debt. Instead, millennials can add it to the list of promises that turned into disappointments, big and small, from affordable housing to trying to score a ticket to a Taylor Swift concert.
Take housing. When federal student loan payments were paused during the COVID-19 pandemic, some millennials were finally financially stable enough to buy homes, despite record-high prices across the country. Mortgage rates were at record lows, giving first-time homebuyers a brief window when their money could go farther. With a little extra cash to save each month, millennials got a chance to dream about how they’d spend if their debt wasn’t a factor. Rapoza and other young adults say that if loan forgiveness proceeds, they will finally be able to save for a home.
Then mortgage rates soared this year, coupled with continued record-high housing prices, shutting out many first-time homebuyers once again.
Millennials can’t even catch a break in their leisure time. When they do have enough disposable income to spend on something fun like concert tickets, they’re still running into walls erected by past generations. Earlier November, millions tried to log onto Ticketmaster to score seats for Taylor Swift’s massive U.S. tour—and millions failed. Would it have been an easier process if Ticketmaster wasn’t owned by LiveNation, a merger that many Democrats, including quintessential millennial politician Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, are now calling a monopoly? Impossible to say, but the experience is emblematic of how millennials are consistently left with the short-end of the stick: massive debt, low pay, high cost-of-living, and a number of boomer policies keeping them from success and happiness.
“It seems like we’ve been hit with everything,” says Ja’Net Adams, a 41-year-old who paid off $50,000 in student loan debt and now helps others manage their personal finances. “All of it is tied together for the millennials and affecting their whole financial picture.”
Every set back compounds the next. Millennials took out student loans to go to a good school in hopes of landing a good job. But the debt precludes many from being able to buy a house, save, or start investing. Given all of that, they have less wealth than baby boomers did at the same age.
Soon, they’ll be caring for their aging parents en masse, adding even more financial strain. The problems are amplified for Black and other non-white millennials.
“It’s almost like we don’t want millennials to get a piece of the American Dream,” says Perry.
So Generation Y could use a win. But Rapoza says it looks unlikely that win will come in the form of student loan forgiveness, given that Biden is asking the U.S. Supreme Court—currently composed of six conservative justices and three liberals—to rule on lawfulness of the program.
“If you’re going to play baseball, and it’s raining, I wouldn’t expect a good game,” he says.
Still, both Rapoza and Perry say the government needs to do something to help its citizens. And saying “don’t go to college” isn’t a solution; America needs an educated workforce to be competitive, they say.
Instead of only throwing up hurdles to stop student loan forgiveness and other Democratic policies, they would like to see Republicans present some solutions for America’s higher education cost crisis. Rapoza isn’t giving up hope that something can be done to help his and future generations.
“We were sold this myth and it didn’t pan out and we’re left holding the bag,” says Rapoza. “Can someone please give us a hand? Can you not see how bad we are hit?”