談及新冠肺炎疫情,高傳染性、免疫逃避能力極強(qiáng)的BQ變體在紐約掀起新一輪疫情——專家說(shuō),紐約是全美新一輪疫情的中心。
根據(jù)追蹤新冠病毒和流感病毒變化的國(guó)際研究組織GISAID的數(shù)據(jù),截至周一,BQ變體感染病例占紐約確診病例的三分之一,占加州確診病例的15%。
紐約(風(fēng)向標(biāo)州)新一輪疫情最新動(dòng)態(tài)
占主導(dǎo)地位病毒的譜系(# 15日趨勢(shì)):
BQ.1* (20.4%)
BQ.1.1* (13.1%)
BA.5.2.1 (8.3%)
BA.5.2 (7.5%)
BA.4.6 (6.3%)
BA.5.1 (3.2%)
BF.7 (2.6%)
BA.5.2.6 (2.3%)
XBB.1 (1.9%)
and others
10/n pic.twitter.com/GDEgO1qb1M
— Raj Rajnarayanan (@RajlabN) November 1, 2022
BQ.1 * (20.4%)
BQ.1.1 * (13.1%)
BA.5.2.1 (8.3%)
BA.5.2 (7.5%)
BA.4.6 (6.3%)
BA.5.1 (3.2%)
BF.7 (2.6%)
BA.5.2.6 (2.3%)
XBB.1 (1.9%)
及其他變體
- 拉杰·拉杰納拉亞南(Raj Rajnarayanan)(@RajlabN)2022年11月1日
隨著檢測(cè)和病毒測(cè)序處于歷史最低水平,美國(guó)疾病控制和預(yù)防中心(U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)估計(jì),在新冠確診病例中,BQ家族感染病例的占比更大——在紐約地區(qū)近43%,在加利福尼亞地區(qū)近23%。
位于阿肯色州瓊斯伯勒的紐約理工學(xué)院研究副院長(zhǎng)兼副教授拉杰·拉杰納拉亞南(Raj Rajnarayanan)告訴《財(cái)富》雜志,在加州的確診病例中,BQ變體感染病例占比最大,使其成為“新興熱點(diǎn)”。
密切關(guān)注加州的新一輪BQ疫情!
- 拉杰·拉杰納拉亞南(@RajlabN)2022年11月1日
該變體家族在東西海岸肆虐,專家們表示,新一輪疫情席卷美國(guó)其他地區(qū)只是時(shí)間問(wèn)題。這可能會(huì)造成需要住院治療的嚴(yán)重疾病的上升,正如紐約發(fā)生的情況一樣。
加拿大安大略省圭爾夫大學(xué)(University of Guelph)進(jìn)化生物學(xué)教授瑞恩·格雷戈里(Ryan Gregory)對(duì)《財(cái)富》雜志表示,該病毒家族——尤其是新變體BQ.1.1——“顯然已經(jīng)席卷全球”,感染病例在法國(guó)、英國(guó)、德國(guó)和丹麥等國(guó)呈上升趨勢(shì)。
他說(shuō),變體傳播范圍越廣,“它們的子代就越有機(jī)會(huì)獲得新的突變”。這可能意味著新冠病毒傳播能力增強(qiáng)、致死率更高或更容易導(dǎo)致人們罹患長(zhǎng)期新冠肺炎。
紐約感染病例中住院人數(shù)呈上升趨勢(shì)
拉杰納拉亞南說(shuō),事實(shí)上,新變體BQ感染在紐約掀起的新一輪疫情如今已經(jīng)波及加州,這不足為怪。在東海岸肆虐的新冠病毒變體往往在此后不久就會(huì)在西海岸肆虐。為什么?加州也進(jìn)行了大量的病毒測(cè)序,以確定變體類型,但它公開(kāi)報(bào)告這些結(jié)果的速度比紐約慢。后者因其強(qiáng)大的測(cè)序能力和大量的國(guó)際旅行者被認(rèn)為是風(fēng)向標(biāo)州。
由于普遍缺乏核酸檢測(cè),再加上報(bào)告滯后,美國(guó)疾病控制和預(yù)防中心發(fā)布了對(duì)當(dāng)前新冠肺炎疫情狀況的預(yù)測(cè),一周發(fā)布一次。據(jù)估計(jì),截至上周六,BQ變體感染病例占美國(guó)確診病例的四分之一以上。
該機(jī)構(gòu)估計(jì),在美國(guó)中北部地區(qū),包括蒙大拿州、猶他州和達(dá)科他州,BQ變體感染病例約占確診病例的28%,而在美國(guó)中南部地區(qū),包括新墨西哥州、德克薩斯州和路易斯安那州,這一比例幾乎相同。
根據(jù)拉杰納拉亞南和格雷戈里的說(shuō)法,GISAID和美國(guó)疾病控制和預(yù)防中心的數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)合起來(lái),描繪了一幅BQ變體席卷全國(guó)的畫面——這將影響可用醫(yī)院床位。在這兩個(gè)州,新冠肺炎住院人數(shù)開(kāi)始上升,紐約州的情況尤為明顯。雖然美國(guó)的新冠肺炎住院人數(shù)保持相對(duì)穩(wěn)定,但美國(guó)其他地區(qū)新冠肺炎住院人數(shù)可能很快上升。
“相當(dāng)麻煩的倍增時(shí)間”
美國(guó)頂級(jí)傳染病專家安東尼·福奇(Anthony Fauci)博士最近將BQ家族標(biāo)記為“相當(dāng)麻煩”,因?yàn)锽Q家族感染病例在美國(guó)等國(guó)家呈上升趨勢(shì)。
上個(gè)月,福奇在談到BQ變體時(shí)對(duì)美國(guó)哥倫比亞廣播公司新聞(CBS News)表示:“當(dāng)這樣的變體出現(xiàn)時(shí),你要看相對(duì)而言,它們的增長(zhǎng)速度在變體中的比例是多少,這是一個(gè)相當(dāng)麻煩的倍增時(shí)間。”
BQ.1.1與XBB變體(合并了兩種不同奧密克戎變異株,在新加坡肆虐),被認(rèn)為是免疫逃避能力最強(qiáng)的新變體。BQ.1.1顯然有能力超過(guò)仍然在美國(guó)占主導(dǎo)地位的BA.5(BQ變體就是從BA.5演變而來(lái)的)。
斯克利普斯研究所(Scripps Research)的分子醫(yī)學(xué)教授、斯克利普斯研究轉(zhuǎn)化研究所(Scripps Research Translational Institute)的創(chuàng)始人兼主任埃里克·托普爾(Eric Topol)博士上個(gè)月在推特上寫道,BQ.1.1的超強(qiáng)免疫逃避能力“將使其成為未來(lái)幾周美國(guó)下一波疫情的主要背后推手”。
10月,托普爾對(duì)《財(cái)富》雜志表示,如果BQ.1.1可以逃避疫苗提供的免疫保護(hù)的話,直到某個(gè)地方的感染病例達(dá)到30%-50%,科學(xué)家們才會(huì)知道BQ.1.1在多大程度上可以逃避疫苗提供的免疫保護(hù)。
他說(shuō):“ 這不會(huì)抹殺疫苗的效力,但在預(yù)防住院和死亡方面可能會(huì)有所削弱。”
已知BQ.1.1能逃避抗體免疫,這使得在新冠高危人群中使用單克隆抗體治療無(wú)效。根據(jù)北京大學(xué)生物醫(yī)學(xué)創(chuàng)新中心上個(gè)月的一項(xiàng)研究,BQ.1.1逃避了對(duì)所有變體都有效的單克隆抗體藥物Bebtelovimab及另一種僅對(duì)某些變體起作用的抗體藥物Evusheld提供的免疫保護(hù)。
福奇在周五接受美國(guó)哥倫比亞廣播公司(CBS)采訪時(shí)表示,如果說(shuō)有好消息的話,那么關(guān)于BQ.1和BQ.1.1的好消息是,新的奧密克戎加強(qiáng)針“幾乎肯定”會(huì)針對(duì)這兩者提供“一定程度的”保護(hù),因?yàn)樗鼈兪轻槍?duì)BA.5的近親研發(fā)的。
最近的研究表明,雖然更新的奧密克戎加強(qiáng)針可以暫時(shí)提供免疫保護(hù),預(yù)防嚴(yán)重疾病和死亡,但提供的免疫保護(hù)不及初始的新冠疫苗。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:中慧言-王芳
談及新冠肺炎疫情,高傳染性、免疫逃避能力極強(qiáng)的BQ變體在紐約掀起新一輪疫情——專家說(shuō),紐約是全美新一輪疫情的中心。
根據(jù)追蹤新冠病毒和流感病毒變化的國(guó)際研究組織GISAID的數(shù)據(jù),截至周一,BQ變體感染病例占紐約確診病例的三分之一,占加州確診病例的15%。
紐約(風(fēng)向標(biāo)州)新一輪疫情最新動(dòng)態(tài)
占主導(dǎo)地位病毒的譜系(# 15日趨勢(shì)):
BQ.1* (20.4%)
BQ.1.1* (13.1%)
BA.5.2.1 (8.3%)
BA.5.2 (7.5%)
BA.4.6 (6.3%)
BA.5.1 (3.2%)
BF.7 (2.6%)
BA.5.2.6 (2.3%)
XBB.1 (1.9%)
and others
10/n pic.twitter.com/GDEgO1qb1M
— Raj Rajnarayanan (@RajlabN) November 1, 2022
BQ.1 * (20.4%)
BQ.1.1 * (13.1%)
BA.5.2.1 (8.3%)
BA.5.2 (7.5%)
BA.4.6 (6.3%)
BA.5.1 (3.2%)
BF.7 (2.6%)
BA.5.2.6 (2.3%)
XBB.1 (1.9%)
及其他變體
- 拉杰·拉杰納拉亞南(Raj Rajnarayanan)(@RajlabN)2022年11月1日
隨著檢測(cè)和病毒測(cè)序處于歷史最低水平,美國(guó)疾病控制和預(yù)防中心(U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)估計(jì),在新冠確診病例中,BQ家族感染病例的占比更大——在紐約地區(qū)近43%,在加利福尼亞地區(qū)近23%。
位于阿肯色州瓊斯伯勒的紐約理工學(xué)院研究副院長(zhǎng)兼副教授拉杰·拉杰納拉亞南(Raj Rajnarayanan)告訴《財(cái)富》雜志,在加州的確診病例中,BQ變體感染病例占比最大,使其成為“新興熱點(diǎn)”。
密切關(guān)注加州的新一輪BQ疫情!
- 拉杰·拉杰納拉亞南(@RajlabN)2022年11月1日
該變體家族在東西海岸肆虐,專家們表示,新一輪疫情席卷美國(guó)其他地區(qū)只是時(shí)間問(wèn)題。這可能會(huì)造成需要住院治療的嚴(yán)重疾病的上升,正如紐約發(fā)生的情況一樣。
加拿大安大略省圭爾夫大學(xué)(University of Guelph)進(jìn)化生物學(xué)教授瑞恩·格雷戈里(Ryan Gregory)對(duì)《財(cái)富》雜志表示,該病毒家族——尤其是新變體BQ.1.1——“顯然已經(jīng)席卷全球”,感染病例在法國(guó)、英國(guó)、德國(guó)和丹麥等國(guó)呈上升趨勢(shì)。
他說(shuō),變體傳播范圍越廣,“它們的子代就越有機(jī)會(huì)獲得新的突變”。這可能意味著新冠病毒傳播能力增強(qiáng)、致死率更高或更容易導(dǎo)致人們罹患長(zhǎng)期新冠肺炎。
紐約感染病例中住院人數(shù)呈上升趨勢(shì)
拉杰納拉亞南說(shuō),事實(shí)上,新變體BQ感染在紐約掀起的新一輪疫情如今已經(jīng)波及加州,這不足為怪。在東海岸肆虐的新冠病毒變體往往在此后不久就會(huì)在西海岸肆虐。為什么?加州也進(jìn)行了大量的病毒測(cè)序,以確定變體類型,但它公開(kāi)報(bào)告這些結(jié)果的速度比紐約慢。后者因其強(qiáng)大的測(cè)序能力和大量的國(guó)際旅行者被認(rèn)為是風(fēng)向標(biāo)州。
由于普遍缺乏核酸檢測(cè),再加上報(bào)告滯后,美國(guó)疾病控制和預(yù)防中心發(fā)布了對(duì)當(dāng)前新冠肺炎疫情狀況的預(yù)測(cè),一周發(fā)布一次。據(jù)估計(jì),截至上周六,BQ變體感染病例占美國(guó)確診病例的四分之一以上。
該機(jī)構(gòu)估計(jì),在美國(guó)中北部地區(qū),包括蒙大拿州、猶他州和達(dá)科他州,BQ變體感染病例約占確診病例的28%,而在美國(guó)中南部地區(qū),包括新墨西哥州、德克薩斯州和路易斯安那州,這一比例幾乎相同。
根據(jù)拉杰納拉亞南和格雷戈里的說(shuō)法,GISAID和美國(guó)疾病控制和預(yù)防中心的數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)合起來(lái),描繪了一幅BQ變體席卷全國(guó)的畫面——這將影響可用醫(yī)院床位。在這兩個(gè)州,新冠肺炎住院人數(shù)開(kāi)始上升,紐約州的情況尤為明顯。雖然美國(guó)的新冠肺炎住院人數(shù)保持相對(duì)穩(wěn)定,但美國(guó)其他地區(qū)新冠肺炎住院人數(shù)可能很快上升。
“相當(dāng)麻煩的倍增時(shí)間”
美國(guó)頂級(jí)傳染病專家安東尼·福奇(Anthony Fauci)博士最近將BQ家族標(biāo)記為“相當(dāng)麻煩”,因?yàn)锽Q家族感染病例在美國(guó)等國(guó)家呈上升趨勢(shì)。
上個(gè)月,福奇在談到BQ變體時(shí)對(duì)美國(guó)哥倫比亞廣播公司新聞(CBS News)表示:“當(dāng)這樣的變體出現(xiàn)時(shí),你要看相對(duì)而言,它們的增長(zhǎng)速度在變體中的比例是多少,這是一個(gè)相當(dāng)麻煩的倍增時(shí)間。”
BQ.1.1與XBB變體(合并了兩種不同奧密克戎變異株,在新加坡肆虐),被認(rèn)為是免疫逃避能力最強(qiáng)的新變體。BQ.1.1顯然有能力超過(guò)仍然在美國(guó)占主導(dǎo)地位的BA.5(BQ變體就是從BA.5演變而來(lái)的)。
斯克利普斯研究所(Scripps Research)的分子醫(yī)學(xué)教授、斯克利普斯研究轉(zhuǎn)化研究所(Scripps Research Translational Institute)的創(chuàng)始人兼主任埃里克·托普爾(Eric Topol)博士上個(gè)月在推特上寫道,BQ.1.1的超強(qiáng)免疫逃避能力“將使其成為未來(lái)幾周美國(guó)下一波疫情的主要背后推手”。
10月,托普爾對(duì)《財(cái)富》雜志表示,如果BQ.1.1可以逃避疫苗提供的免疫保護(hù)的話,直到某個(gè)地方的感染病例達(dá)到30%-50%,科學(xué)家們才會(huì)知道BQ.1.1在多大程度上可以逃避疫苗提供的免疫保護(hù)。
他說(shuō):“ 這不會(huì)抹殺疫苗的效力,但在預(yù)防住院和死亡方面可能會(huì)有所削弱。”
已知BQ.1.1能逃避抗體免疫,這使得在新冠高危人群中使用單克隆抗體治療無(wú)效。根據(jù)北京大學(xué)生物醫(yī)學(xué)創(chuàng)新中心上個(gè)月的一項(xiàng)研究,BQ.1.1逃避了對(duì)所有變體都有效的單克隆抗體藥物Bebtelovimab及另一種僅對(duì)某些變體起作用的抗體藥物Evusheld提供的免疫保護(hù)。
福奇在周五接受美國(guó)哥倫比亞廣播公司(CBS)采訪時(shí)表示,如果說(shuō)有好消息的話,那么關(guān)于BQ.1和BQ.1.1的好消息是,新的奧密克戎加強(qiáng)針“幾乎肯定”會(huì)針對(duì)這兩者提供“一定程度的”保護(hù),因?yàn)樗鼈兪轻槍?duì)BA.5的近親研發(fā)的。
最近的研究表明,雖然更新的奧密克戎加強(qiáng)針可以暫時(shí)提供免疫保護(hù),預(yù)防嚴(yán)重疾病和死亡,但提供的免疫保護(hù)不及初始的新冠疫苗。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:中慧言-王芳
When it comes to COVID, New York is experiencing a wave of highly transmissible, immune-evasive BQ infections—and it’s the epicenter of a national wave, experts say.
BQ variants represented a third of reported New York cases as of Monday—and 15% of cases in California, according to data from GISAID, an international research organization that tracks changes in COVID and the flu virus.
Status of the latest #COVID19 Wave in #NewYork #BellwetherState
Top Lineages (#15DAYTrends):
BQ.1* (20.4%)
BQ.1.1* (13.1%)
BA.5.2.1 (8.3%)
BA.5.2 (7.5%)
BA.4.6 (6.3%)
BA.5.1 (3.2%)
BF.7 (2.6%)
BA.5.2.6 (2.3%)
XBB.1 (1.9%)
and others
10/n pic.twitter.com/GDEgO1qb1M
— Raj Rajnarayanan (@RajlabN) November 1, 2022
BQ.1 * (20.4%)
BQ.1.1 * (13.1%)
BA.5.2.1 (8.3%)
BA.5.2 (7.5%)
BA.4.6 (6.3%)
BA.5.1 (3.2%)
BF.7 (2.6%)
BA.5.2.6 (2.3%)
XBB.1 (1.9%)
and others
10 / n pic.twitter.com/GDEgO1qb1M
With testing and viral sequencing at all-time lows, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that the BQ family actually composes a greater share of COVID cases—nearly 43% in the New York region, and nearly 23% in the California region.
Combined, BQ variants now account for the largest portion of identified cases in California, making it an “emerging hotspot” for the variant, Raj Rajnarayanan, assistant dean of research and associate professor at the New York Institute of Technology campus in Jonesboro, Ark., tells Fortune.
Closely following the emerging #BQwave in #California!
8.6% BQ.1.1* & 6.4% BQ.1* https://t.co/eJXnTU2EZo
— Raj Rajnarayanan (@RajlabN) November 1, 2022
8.6% BQ.1.1* & 6.4% BQ.1* https://t.co/eJXnTU2EZo
With the family of variants now trending on both the East and West Coasts, experts say it’s only a matter of time before the wave engulfs the rest of the country. It will likely bring a rising tide of severe illness requiring hospitalization, as it appears to be doing in New York.
The viral family—variant BQ.1.1 in particular—“is clearly successful around the world” and trending upward in countries like France, the U.K., Germany, and Denmark, Ryan Gregory, a professor of evolutionary biology at the University of Guelph in Ontario, Canada, tells Fortune.
The wider the spread of variants, “the more opportunity for their descendants to pick up additional mutations,” he said. That could mean that COVID becomes more able to spread, kill, or leave those infected with long COVID.
Hospitalizations trending upward in impacted New York
The fact that the New York BQ wave now encompasses California is no surprise, Rajnarayanan says. COVID variants that rise on the East Coast often do so on the West Coast shortly thereafter. Why? California also performs a lot of viral sequencing to determine variant types, but it publicly reports those results more slowly than New York. The latter is considered a bellwether state for its robust sequencing capabilities and large volume of international travelers.
Because of a general lack of COVID testing and lag in reporting, the CDC issues estimates of current COVID conditions as forecasts, a week at a time. It estimated that BQ variants represented more than a quarter of U.S. cases through this past Saturday.
In the north-central region of the U.S. that includes Montana, Utah, and the Dakotas, the agency estimated that BQ variants represented roughly 28% of cases—and nearly the same percentage in the southern-central region of the U.S., which includes New Mexico, Texas, and Louisiana.
Combined, GISAID and CDC data paint a picture of a BQ wave engulfing the nation—one that will impact available hospital beds, according to Rajnarayanan and Gregory. COVID hospitalizations are beginning to tick up in both states—dramatically so in New York. And while U.S. COVID hospitalizations remain relatively stable, the rest of the country could soon follow New York’s lead.
‘A pretty troublesome doubling time’
The family of BQ COVID variants was recently labeled as “pretty troublesome” by top U.S. infectious disease expert Dr. Anthony Fauci, owing to the quick rate at which cases of it are rising in countries like the U.S.
“When you get variants like that, you look at what their rate of increase is as a relative proportion of the variants, and this has a pretty troublesome doubling time,” Fauci, speaking about the BQ variants, told CBS News last month.
Along with XBB, a combination of two Omicron strains spiking in Singapore, BQ.1.1 is thought to be the most immune-evasive new variant yet—and one that clearly has the ability to surpass still U.S.-dominant BA.5, from which BQ variants evolved.
BQ.1.1’s extreme immune evasiveness and transmissibility “sets it up to be the principal driver of the next U.S. wave in the weeks ahead,” Dr. Eric Topol, a professor of molecular medicine at Scripps Research and founder and director of the Scripps Research Translational Institute, tweeted last month.
In October, Topol told?Fortune that scientists won’t know to what extent BQ.1.1 evades vaccines, if it does, until it reaches 30% to 50% of cases somewhere.
“It’s not going to wipe out vaccine efficacy, but it could put a dent in protection against hospitalizations and death,” he said.
BQ.1.1 is already known to escape antibody immunity, rendering useless some of the key treatments used in high-risk individuals with COVID. According to a study last month out of Peking University’s Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center in China, BQ.1.1 escapes immunity from bebtelovimab, the last monoclonal antibody drug that is effective on all variants, as well as Evusheld, which works on some.
The good news, if there is any, about BQ is that new Omicron boosters will “almost certainly” provide “some” protection against them because they were designed to tackle close relative BA.5, Fauci told CBS.
Recent studies have shown that while updated Omicron boosters provide temporarily renewed protection against severe disease and death, they don’t provide better protection than the original COVID shots did.