前美國財長拉里·薩默斯擔心,“默默放棄進取”的趨勢正在損害美國工人的生產率。
薩默斯是一位資深經濟學家,曾擔任哈佛大學(Harvard University)校長和世界銀行(World Bank)首席經濟學家。他會參與討論這個在社交媒體上走紅的新詞匯,讓人們覺得不可思議。
但在回應諾貝爾獎得主保羅·克魯格曼周五在《紐約時報》發表的一篇專欄文章時,67歲的薩默斯表示,他認為“默默放棄進取”是美國第二季度工人生產率下降4.1%的主要原因之一。“默默放棄進取”是一個非正式的術語,是指人們只做最低限度的工作,放棄做超出工作范圍的任務。
今年早些時候,這個詞在TikTok和Instagram等平臺上走紅。多年來,聽夠了“努力要趁早”和“向前一步”這樣的工作建議,80%的Z世代和千禧一代上班族認為現在的趨勢對他們很有吸引力。
薩默斯擔心,這些默默放棄進取的人們會導致通脹高企的狀況進一步惡化。9月美國的通脹率達到8.2%。通脹持續會迫使美聯儲不得不繼續加息,最終導致經濟衰退。
他周一在一條推文中表示:“由于生產率增長停滯,原因可能是默默放棄進取的趨勢,要想實現持續幾個月將通脹維持在2%左右的目標,必須大幅減慢工資增長速度。我認為相信這種觀念,必定會引發嚴重的經濟衰退。”
在2005年發表的一篇文章中,時任舊金山聯邦儲備銀行(Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco)行長兼首席執行官的現任財政部長珍妮特·耶倫,分析了工人生產率下降與通脹之間的關系,這正是薩默斯最近所討論的話題。
耶倫表示,工人生產率下降,會迫使企業招聘更多員工完成相同的工作。這導致成本上漲,而企業會通過漲價來轉嫁成本。耶倫承認這是一個惡性循環,會在“很長時間內”帶來“通脹上行壓力”。
“默默放棄進取”是否是工人生產率下降的真正原因?
薩默斯認為工人生產率下降加劇通脹,他的觀點有過去所做的研究提供佐證。但他所說的默默放棄進取所產生的影響,很快就遭到了同行的質疑。
薩默斯的話尤其是引起了一些進步經濟學家們的不滿。他主張,為了控制通脹應該降低工人工資(提高失業率),同時討論了默默放棄進取的趨勢如何演變成了對經濟學家們如何看待勞動力的一場羅爾沙赫氏試驗。進步經濟學家們批評薩默斯稱,不能簡單地把提高失業率作為宏觀經濟解決方案。
Fastmarkets RISI資深經濟學家達斯汀·賈爾伯特表示,在討論美聯儲政策時,最好不要把關注點放在默默放棄進取這些缺少經驗證據支持的趨勢。
賈爾伯特在回應薩默斯時表示:“搞笑的是,一些重量級經濟學家對于不遵循傳統宏觀框架下的通脹經驗證據的同行大肆批評,但同時自己卻認為默默放棄進取是真實存在的,而不是社交媒體上的一個梗。”
賈爾伯特還表示,薩默斯準確預測了通脹上漲,這一點值得稱贊,但他可能“太相信勞動市場上的奇聞異事”,因為它們很契合他的“世界觀”,盡管沒有任何證據能夠證明它們的存在。
前美聯儲經濟學家、Sahm Consulting公司的創始人克勞迪亞·薩姆進一步表示,她對薩默斯提出的“經濟分析和政策建議感到不安”。
她周一發推文回復薩默斯的評論稱:“通貨緊縮即將來臨。美聯儲需要停止行動。它已經做得夠多了。”
雖然默默放棄進取的趨勢確實在社交媒體上流行,但在實際數據中并沒有太多證據能證明這種趨勢,而且工人生產率下降還有其他潛在原因,例如后疫情時代的工作技能缺口和消費者支出放緩等。
以員工參與度調查為例。2000年,蓋洛普(Gallup)調查發現,26%的員工表示在工作中的參與度較高,有18%的受訪者表示“工作參與度極低”。但去年,這兩個比例分別為34%和16%。
蓋洛普過去二十年的員工參與度調查持續表明,盡管最近TikTok上出現了各種新趨勢,但員工的工作參與度卻不降反升。
這種趨勢或許會發生變化,但目前證明“默默放棄進取”對經濟產生任何實際影響的證據有限。有許多人認為這種趨勢只是代表人們在做自己的本職工作。
美國兩黨公共政策組織經濟創新集團(Economic Innovation Group)的首席經濟學家亞當·奧濟梅克周一發推文稱:“我并不認為默默放棄進取是真實存在的,或者正在影響生產率提高。我認為更有可能產生影響的是實際辭職者,以及大量人才流失和新員工入職。這會導致利率上漲和勞動力供應增長,事實上這些影響已經發生。”(財富中文網)
翻譯:劉進龍
審校:汪皓
前美國財長拉里·薩默斯擔心,“默默放棄進取”的趨勢正在損害美國工人的生產率。
薩默斯是一位資深經濟學家,曾擔任哈佛大學(Harvard University)校長和世界銀行(World Bank)首席經濟學家。他會參與討論這個在社交媒體上走紅的新詞匯,讓人們覺得不可思議。
但在回應諾貝爾獎得主保羅·克魯格曼周五在《紐約時報》發表的一篇專欄文章時,67歲的薩默斯表示,他認為“默默放棄進取”是美國第二季度工人生產率下降4.1%的主要原因之一。“默默放棄進取”是一個非正式的術語,是指人們只做最低限度的工作,放棄做超出工作范圍的任務。
今年早些時候,這個詞在TikTok和Instagram等平臺上走紅。多年來,聽夠了“努力要趁早”和“向前一步”這樣的工作建議,80%的Z世代和千禧一代上班族認為現在的趨勢對他們很有吸引力。
薩默斯擔心,這些默默放棄進取的人們會導致通脹高企的狀況進一步惡化。9月美國的通脹率達到8.2%。通脹持續會迫使美聯儲不得不繼續加息,最終導致經濟衰退。
他周一在一條推文中表示:“由于生產率增長停滯,原因可能是默默放棄進取的趨勢,要想實現持續幾個月將通脹維持在2%左右的目標,必須大幅減慢工資增長速度。我認為相信這種觀念,必定會引發嚴重的經濟衰退。”
在2005年發表的一篇文章中,時任舊金山聯邦儲備銀行(Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco)行長兼首席執行官的現任財政部長珍妮特·耶倫,分析了工人生產率下降與通脹之間的關系,這正是薩默斯最近所討論的話題。
耶倫表示,工人生產率下降,會迫使企業招聘更多員工完成相同的工作。這導致成本上漲,而企業會通過漲價來轉嫁成本。耶倫承認這是一個惡性循環,會在“很長時間內”帶來“通脹上行壓力”。
“默默放棄進取”是否是工人生產率下降的真正原因?
薩默斯認為工人生產率下降加劇通脹,他的觀點有過去所做的研究提供佐證。但他所說的默默放棄進取所產生的影響,很快就遭到了同行的質疑。
薩默斯的話尤其是引起了一些進步經濟學家們的不滿。他主張,為了控制通脹應該降低工人工資(提高失業率),同時討論了默默放棄進取的趨勢如何演變成了對經濟學家們如何看待勞動力的一場羅爾沙赫氏試驗。進步經濟學家們批評薩默斯稱,不能簡單地把提高失業率作為宏觀經濟解決方案。
Fastmarkets RISI資深經濟學家達斯汀·賈爾伯特表示,在討論美聯儲政策時,最好不要把關注點放在默默放棄進取這些缺少經驗證據支持的趨勢。
賈爾伯特在回應薩默斯時表示:“搞笑的是,一些重量級經濟學家對于不遵循傳統宏觀框架下的通脹經驗證據的同行大肆批評,但同時自己卻認為默默放棄進取是真實存在的,而不是社交媒體上的一個梗。”
賈爾伯特還表示,薩默斯準確預測了通脹上漲,這一點值得稱贊,但他可能“太相信勞動市場上的奇聞異事”,因為它們很契合他的“世界觀”,盡管沒有任何證據能夠證明它們的存在。
前美聯儲經濟學家、Sahm Consulting公司的創始人克勞迪亞·薩姆進一步表示,她對薩默斯提出的“經濟分析和政策建議感到不安”。
她周一發推文回復薩默斯的評論稱:“通貨緊縮即將來臨。美聯儲需要停止行動。它已經做得夠多了。”
雖然默默放棄進取的趨勢確實在社交媒體上流行,但在實際數據中并沒有太多證據能證明這種趨勢,而且工人生產率下降還有其他潛在原因,例如后疫情時代的工作技能缺口和消費者支出放緩等。
以員工參與度調查為例。2000年,蓋洛普(Gallup)調查發現,26%的員工表示在工作中的參與度較高,有18%的受訪者表示“工作參與度極低”。但去年,這兩個比例分別為34%和16%。
蓋洛普過去二十年的員工參與度調查持續表明,盡管最近TikTok上出現了各種新趨勢,但員工的工作參與度卻不降反升。
這種趨勢或許會發生變化,但目前證明“默默放棄進取”對經濟產生任何實際影響的證據有限。有許多人認為這種趨勢只是代表人們在做自己的本職工作。
美國兩黨公共政策組織經濟創新集團(Economic Innovation Group)的首席經濟學家亞當·奧濟梅克周一發推文稱:“我并不認為默默放棄進取是真實存在的,或者正在影響生產率提高。我認為更有可能產生影響的是實際辭職者,以及大量人才流失和新員工入職。這會導致利率上漲和勞動力供應增長,事實上這些影響已經發生。”(財富中文網)
翻譯:劉進龍
審校:汪皓
Former Treasury Secretary Larry Summers is worried that “quiet quitters” are hurting U.S. worker productivity.
A veteran economist who previously served as president of Harvard University and chief economist at the World Bank, Summers is an unlikely figure to be discussing the new phrase that has caught fire on social media.
But in response to Nobel laureate Paul Krugman’s Friday New York Times op-ed, the 67-year-old said that he believes “quiet quitting,” an informal term for people who give up on going above and beyond at their jobs and just do the bare minimum, is one of the key reasons that U.S. workers’ productivity fell 4.1% in the second quarter.
The term “quiet quitting” took off on platforms like TikTok and Instagram earlier this year. After years of receiving “rise and grind” and “lean in” work advice, 80% of Gen Z and millennial workers say the trend appeals to them.
Summers fears that these quiet quitters will exacerbate already elevated inflation, which came in at 8.2% in September, forcing the Federal Reserve to continue raising interest rates and spark a recession.
“Given dismal productivity growth, likely caused by quiet quitting, wage inflation will have to come down significantly if sustained months near 2% inflation is to be attained,” Summers wrote in a Monday tweet. “I do not understand the basis for believing this is likely without a meaningful recession.”
In a 2005 paper, Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen, who at the time served as president and chief executive officer of the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, described the connection between falling worker productivity and inflation that Summers is discussing here.
She wrote that when workers’ productivity drops, it forces businesses to hire more employees to complete the same job. That leads to rising costs, which businesses then pass on by raising prices. It’s a vicious cycle that Yellen admitted can cause “upward pressure on inflation” for a “considerable period.”
Is ‘quiet quitting’ really the cause of slowing worker productivity?
Summers’ argument about falling worker productivity exacerbating inflation has been backed up by research in the past. But his comments about how quiet quitting has factored in were immediately questioned by his fellow economists.
Summers struck a nerve among progressives, in particular, because his argument that workers will have to be paid less (with higher unemployment) to rein in inflation touches on how the quiet quitting trend has turned into a kind of Rorschach test for how economists think about labor. The progressives who criticized Summers say it’s just not as simple as higher unemployment being the macroeconomic solution.
Dustin Jalbert, a senior economist at Fastmarkets RISI, said that it may not be the best policy to look at trends like quiet quitting that aren’t backed up by empirical evidence when discussing Fed policy.
“It’s pretty funny to see heavyweight economists dishing out critiques of those not following empirical evidence on inflation from traditional macro frameworks, yet in the same breath assuming quiet quitting is real and not a meme from social media,” Jalbert wrote in response to Summers.
Jalbert went on to say that Summers deserves credit for correctly predicting the rise of inflation, but that he may be “clinging to labor market anecdotes” that fit his “worldview” even when the evidence is lacking.
Claudia Sahm, a former Fed economist and the founder of Sahm Consulting, went a step further, saying that she is “deeply disturbed by the economic analysis and policy advice” that Summers is dishing out.
“Disinflation is coming. The Fed needs to back off. It’s done enough,” she wrote in a Monday tweet, responding to Summers’ comments.
While quiet quitting has undoubtedly taken off on social media, there isn’t much evidence of the trend in real-world data, and there are several other potential causes for slowing productivity, like a post-pandemic jobs skills gap and slowing consumer spending.
Take worker engagement polls as an example. In 2000, Gallup found that 26% of employees said they were engaged at work, while 18% said they were “actively disengaged.” But last year, 34% of workers said they were engaged at work, while only 16% said they were “actively disengaged.”
Gallup’s worker engagement polls from the past two decades consistently show that, despite any recent TikTok trends, workers have become more engaged at work, not less engaged.
That trend may change, but for now, there is limited evidence that “quiet quitting,” which many have pointed out is in fact people just doing their jobs, is having any real impact on the economy.
“I don’t think quiet quitting is real or affecting productivity growth,” Adam Ozimek, chief economist at bipartisan public policy organization Economic Innovation Group, wrote in a Monday tweet. “I think more likely it is actual quitting, and resulting high levels of churn and onboarding. And this will come down with rate hikes and labor supply growth, and indeed it already is.”