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2022年最慘的零售企業(yè),能否走出泥潭?

雖然這家公司的銷售額在2018年才開(kāi)始下滑,但它的問(wèn)題由來(lái)已久。

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Bed Bath & Beyond公司的股價(jià)跌破7美元;高盛集團(tuán)認(rèn)為股價(jià)還會(huì)進(jìn)一步下跌到2美元。圖片來(lái)源:JOE RAEDLE—GETTY IMAGES

感謝信。

Bed Bath & Beyond的臨時(shí)首席執(zhí)行官蘇·戈夫正在試圖將該家居用品零售商從重重危機(jī)中拯救出來(lái)。戈夫表示這些感謝信給了她力量。這家公司多年來(lái)一直面臨銷售下滑、資金快速減少和高管人手不足等問(wèn)題。(今年9月初,據(jù)稱對(duì)公司狀況非常焦慮的古斯塔沃·阿納爾自殺,讓更多的人關(guān)注到該公司面臨的經(jīng)營(yíng)危機(jī)。)

今年6月,Bed Bath & Beyond突然將首席執(zhí)行官馬克·特里頓趕下臺(tái),之后戈夫接任首席執(zhí)行官。她堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為,供應(yīng)商依舊信任她,其中包括美國(guó)生產(chǎn)床單、家居用品等其他主要產(chǎn)品的國(guó)內(nèi)大品牌,它們是該零售商賴以生存的基礎(chǔ)。

8月末,一名華爾街分析師質(zhì)疑戈夫,為什么她會(huì)如此確信供應(yīng)商愿意與Bed Bath & Beyond合作。畢竟,兩年前,公司將業(yè)務(wù)中心轉(zhuǎn)向打造自己的品牌,曾經(jīng)讓供應(yīng)商非常惱火。這家零售商在第無(wú)數(shù)次轉(zhuǎn)型嘗試中,試圖與國(guó)內(nèi)品牌恢復(fù)合作;但它們是否愿意在即將來(lái)臨的節(jié)日季以及以后的時(shí)間,繼續(xù)為該公司供貨?

戈夫回答說(shuō):“對(duì)我而言,最能夠證明供應(yīng)商對(duì)公司認(rèn)可的一點(diǎn)是,它們會(huì)向我們重復(fù)我們的策略。它們采取的形式是發(fā)來(lái)感謝信。”她還表示,Bed Bath & Beyond的“舊既是新”策略受到廣泛的熱烈歡迎。Bed Bath & Beyond未同意戈夫接受本文的采訪。該公司稱,其首席執(zhí)行官會(huì)在9月29日公司公布季度業(yè)績(jī)時(shí),公開(kāi)發(fā)布最新信息。

關(guān)于那些感謝信?可能供應(yīng)商只是要對(duì)一家正在日漸衰弱但依舊規(guī)模龐大的客戶保持禮貌而已。雖然沒(méi)有供應(yīng)商公開(kāi)表示會(huì)部分或徹底停止與Bed Bath & Beyond合作,但該公司在8月承認(rèn)已經(jīng)有多家供應(yīng)商收緊了融資條款。這迫使戈夫和她的團(tuán)隊(duì)在今年夏天花了大量時(shí)間控制損失。

戈夫要拯救曾經(jīng)美國(guó)規(guī)模最大的家居用品專業(yè)零售商,避免被人們遺忘,她所需要的不只是一些言辭溫暖人心的信件。公司最近一個(gè)季度凈銷售額下滑25%,長(zhǎng)期大幅下滑的趨勢(shì)仍然在延續(xù),盡管家居用品市場(chǎng)每年在以4%的速度增長(zhǎng)。有分析師預(yù)測(cè),Bed Bath & Beyond公司在截至2023年2月的本財(cái)年銷售額為60億美元,只有四年前的一半左右。該公司旗下包括較為成功的Buy Buy Baby連鎖品牌。更令人擔(dān)心的是,華爾街預(yù)測(cè)Bed Bath & Beyond今年將虧損5億美元,使2018年至2022年的虧損總計(jì)達(dá)到14億美元,并且將加快其燒錢的速度。僅上個(gè)季度,該公司的運(yùn)營(yíng)支出就達(dá)到3.835億美元。

或許最糟糕的是,Bed Bath & Beyond試圖在高管職位空缺嚴(yán)重的時(shí)候,進(jìn)行全面整頓,主要措施是推翻特里頓的大多數(shù)做法。首席執(zhí)行官和財(cái)務(wù)總監(jiān)的人選目前都只是臨時(shí)安排;公司幾個(gè)月前新任命了一位首席商務(wù)官;最近公司的運(yùn)營(yíng)總監(jiān)和店鋪負(fù)責(zé)人離職,也讓公司在至關(guān)重要的節(jié)日季來(lái)臨前又經(jīng)歷了巨變。(公司合并了部分高管崗位。)公司發(fā)言人在一份聲明中對(duì)《財(cái)富》雜志表示:“公司董事會(huì)非常確信Bed Bath & Beyond公司的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)團(tuán)隊(duì)可以執(zhí)行我們的節(jié)日計(jì)劃。”

更重要的是,Bed Bath & Beyond需要弄清楚它為什么需要消費(fèi)者的關(guān)注。哥倫比亞大學(xué)商學(xué)院(Columbia Business School)的零售研究主任、加拿大西爾斯百貨(Sears Canada)的前任首席執(zhí)行官馬克·科恩問(wèn)道:“它們認(rèn)為自己現(xiàn)在是一種什么狀態(tài)?它們沒(méi)有高層領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力,沒(méi)有戰(zhàn)略,而且它們?cè)噲D讓公司恢復(fù)原來(lái)的樣子,但它們最初的處境就非常糟糕。”

一家早期成功的零售商誤入歧途

該公司早在新冠疫情爆發(fā)之前就已經(jīng)陷入了困境,并且持續(xù)了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。雖然公司的銷售額在2018年才開(kāi)始下滑,但它的問(wèn)題由來(lái)已久。

因此,當(dāng)Bed Bath & Beyond在2019年10月宣布特里頓上臺(tái)時(shí),投資者才會(huì)歡欣鼓舞。特里頓曾經(jīng)是塔吉特(Target)優(yōu)秀的首席商務(wù)官,他主持創(chuàng)建了該零售商多個(gè)非常成功的店鋪品牌,在不到三年時(shí)間里策劃推出了30個(gè)自有品牌,幫助公司實(shí)現(xiàn)了驚人逆轉(zhuǎn)。特里頓非常大膽地放棄了塔吉特旗下一些不景氣的大品牌,并以Cat & Jack和Opalhouse等家喻戶曉的品牌取而代之,結(jié)果迅速取得成功。

Bed Bath & Beyond的供應(yīng)商和員工看到了一位救星,華爾街同樣如此,認(rèn)為該公司或許能夠改造成另外一家引人注目的“塔吉特”。然而事實(shí)很快證明,即使像特里頓這樣優(yōu)秀的人擔(dān)任首席執(zhí)行官,也不可以想當(dāng)然地以為在一家公司的策略,直接搬到另外一家公司同樣能夠取得成功。特里頓拒絕就本文發(fā)表評(píng)論。

在特里頓上任時(shí),Bed Bath & Beyond已經(jīng)落后了太多。它曾經(jīng)是備受消費(fèi)者喜愛(ài)的零售商,不僅可以迎合大眾市場(chǎng),又能夠抓住流行趨勢(shì),向消費(fèi)者推出空氣炸鍋或單杯咖啡機(jī)等;它還可以通過(guò)無(wú)處不在的八折優(yōu)惠權(quán),刺激沖動(dòng)消費(fèi)。但到2018年,激動(dòng)人心的時(shí)刻結(jié)束:公司關(guān)閉店鋪,布局混亂,購(gòu)物者很難找到商品;公司提供了同一種產(chǎn)品的太多版本;而且它變得過(guò)于依賴優(yōu)惠券來(lái)促進(jìn)銷售,而不是靠宣傳和有吸引力的廣告。公司還犯了其他戰(zhàn)略性錯(cuò)誤:例如,Bed Bath & Beyond增加了大量家居清潔用品,這些商品要占據(jù)大量貨架空間,但購(gòu)物者在網(wǎng)店或沃爾瑪(Walmart)很容易就能夠買到。此舉并沒(méi)有給公司帶來(lái)新客戶,而且即使有新客戶通常也只會(huì)購(gòu)買一件商品。

公司迫于一位激進(jìn)投資者的壓力才聘請(qǐng)了特里頓。他在2019年11月上任后不久立即開(kāi)始工作,他全身心投入的狀態(tài)向華爾街證明這位新任首席執(zhí)行官說(shuō)到做到。就像他的前任老板布萊恩·康奈爾在塔吉特所做的那樣,特里頓上任后確實(shí)首先對(duì)Bed Bath & Beyond旗下的許多混亂不堪的店鋪進(jìn)行了整頓。但他上任后的第一把火是什么?在圣誕節(jié)前一周,在節(jié)日季最高峰的時(shí)候,對(duì)公司管理層進(jìn)行大清洗。特里頓辭退了五位高管,包括產(chǎn)品促銷、電子商務(wù)和市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷主管。他在2020年對(duì)《財(cái)富》雜志表示:“他們的薪酬過(guò)高,但工作效率低下。”

2016年,馬克·特里頓參加一家塔吉特店鋪的節(jié)日預(yù)演。特里頓在塔吉特成功的秘訣,卻沒(méi)有在Bed Bath & Beyond奏效。圖片來(lái)源:JERRY HOLT—STAR TRIBUNE/GETTY IMAGES

隨后新冠疫情爆發(fā)。雖然新冠疫情導(dǎo)致特里頓非常詳細(xì)的重整計(jì)劃被推遲執(zhí)行,但疫情也刺激家居用品消費(fèi)激增,而這反過(guò)來(lái)臨時(shí)掩蓋了Bed Bath & Beyond存在的深層次問(wèn)題。新冠疫情迫使公司改進(jìn)了電子商務(wù),并提供路邊自提等服務(wù),這對(duì)公司反而有戰(zhàn)略性的促進(jìn)意義。得益于公司自身采取的措施以及家居用品消費(fèi)增長(zhǎng)的大環(huán)境, Bed Bath & Beyond有兩個(gè)季度艱難實(shí)現(xiàn)了增長(zhǎng),讓人們臨時(shí)相信特里頓的重整策略是成功的。

到2020年11月,特里頓準(zhǔn)備公布他的全面計(jì)劃。首先是一些容易完成的任務(wù):當(dāng)時(shí)公司共有約800家門店,他決定關(guān)閉200家(公司目前又關(guān)閉了150家門店,并裁員20%)。他會(huì)減少令購(gòu)物者不知所措的產(chǎn)品選擇(當(dāng)時(shí)Bed Bath & Beyond carried提供了太多土豆削皮器,這令他大為光火)。他開(kāi)始出售公司旗下的小規(guī)模連鎖店,比如圣誕樹(shù)商店(Christmas Tree Shops),融資20億美元,并改善公司的資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表。

特里頓還將利用他在塔吉特、諾德斯特龍(Nordstrom)和耐克(Nike)培養(yǎng)出來(lái)的品牌建設(shè)能力,推出10個(gè)新品牌。他提出了一個(gè)大膽的目標(biāo):店鋪品牌的銷售占比從當(dāng)時(shí)的10%提高到30%。他相信,Bed Bath & Beyond未能贏得年輕顧客的青睞,是因?yàn)闆](méi)有足夠多的最低價(jià)位商品。該零售商曾經(jīng)占主導(dǎo)地位的婚禮禮品登記業(yè)務(wù)出現(xiàn)下滑,這是年輕購(gòu)物者流失的另外一個(gè)表現(xiàn)。

特里頓還面臨另外一個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)性問(wèn)題:由于庫(kù)存管理系統(tǒng)陳舊和供應(yīng)鏈不足導(dǎo)致的補(bǔ)貨問(wèn)題。特里頓發(fā)誓要解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。他還有一個(gè)更重要的舉措:Bed Bath & Beyond取消了大量?jī)?yōu)惠券。該公司會(huì)每周向顧客發(fā)放折扣,無(wú)論顧客是否需要。

到2021年年中,Bed Bath & Beyond發(fā)展軌跡的任何改善轉(zhuǎn)瞬即逝,銷售額開(kāi)始下跌。

SW Retail Advisors公司的總裁斯泰西·維德里茨指出,特里頓推出的一些新品牌,尤其是床單或沙發(fā)套等紡織品,與購(gòu)物者從亞馬遜倍思(Amazon Basics)買到的類似商品相比,并沒(méi)有做到物有所值。她說(shuō):“特里頓在塔吉特的做法,無(wú)法照搬到Bed Bath & Beyond,當(dāng)顧客走進(jìn)店鋪的時(shí)候會(huì)感覺(jué),它們提供的自有品牌產(chǎn)品既沒(méi)有獨(dú)特性,價(jià)格也不優(yōu)惠。”維德里茨還表示,長(zhǎng)期缺貨問(wèn)題導(dǎo)致購(gòu)物者很難將商品進(jìn)行配對(duì),了解哪些商品可以相互搭配。

而且,雖然Bed Bath & Beyond一直在濫用優(yōu)惠券,但分析師估計(jì)(哥倫比亞大學(xué)商學(xué)院的科恩表示,公司的優(yōu)惠券政策“混亂不堪”),現(xiàn)實(shí)以殘忍的方式提醒公司,購(gòu)物者是多么喜歡優(yōu)惠券,而且就像藥物成癮者一樣,要讓購(gòu)物者擺脫對(duì)優(yōu)惠券的依賴有巨大的難度。取消大多數(shù)優(yōu)惠券,給Bed Bath & Beyond帶來(lái)了災(zāi)難性的后果,就像彭尼百貨(J.C. Penney)2012年在前蘋果公司(Apple)天才羅恩·約翰遜領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下的遭遇一樣。當(dāng)時(shí),連鎖超市彭尼百貨也執(zhí)行了重整計(jì)劃,主要策略就是取消折扣,結(jié)果在第一年就損失了40億美元。

到2021年年底,事實(shí)已經(jīng)證明,特里頓不可能解決公司的缺貨問(wèn)題。在截至2月的財(cái)年第三季度,在全球供應(yīng)鏈危機(jī)的沖擊下,Bed Bath & Beyond sales銷售額同比下降28%,僅有18.8億美元,這個(gè)下降幅度已經(jīng)超過(guò)了面臨同樣危機(jī)的同行們能夠承受的程度。特里頓批評(píng)供應(yīng)商沒(méi)有按照足夠的數(shù)量或提前履行訂單。但許多問(wèn)題的根源在公司內(nèi)部:在塔吉特的時(shí)候,公司所面臨的缺貨問(wèn)題也是在經(jīng)過(guò)多年之后才得到解決,但至少當(dāng)時(shí)生產(chǎn)和運(yùn)輸一切正常。即使早在新冠疫情之前,Bed Bath & Beyond的供應(yīng)鏈效率就已經(jīng)被認(rèn)為低于平均水平;在新冠疫情時(shí)期,由于難以預(yù)測(cè)的消費(fèi)者需求,供應(yīng)鏈方面的弱點(diǎn)帶來(lái)了災(zāi)難性的后果。

去年,更麻煩的是,特里頓還要應(yīng)對(duì)Chewy.com的創(chuàng)始人之一、激進(jìn)投資者瑞安·科恩。科恩一直要求Bed Bath & Beyond進(jìn)行改革,例如出售Buy Buy Baby、執(zhí)行更嚴(yán)格的成本紀(jì)律和整頓董事會(huì)等。他在今年8月不再在公司擔(dān)任職務(wù)。

特里頓確實(shí)在某種程度上安撫了投資者:在他領(lǐng)導(dǎo)期間,公司共投入了10億美元回購(gòu)股票,以安撫華爾街的情緒。但現(xiàn)在看來(lái),此舉純屬誤入歧途,因?yàn)檫@筆資金本可以用于修繕店鋪和增強(qiáng)Bed Bath & Beyond的配送系統(tǒng),而且公司的股價(jià)依舊在下跌。

即將到來(lái)的節(jié)日季的挑戰(zhàn)

隨著節(jié)日季來(lái)臨,現(xiàn)在尚無(wú)法確定供應(yīng)商今年是否能夠?yàn)檫@家陷入困境的零售商改善缺貨問(wèn)題,還是說(shuō)供應(yīng)商根本不會(huì)嘗試提供幫助。一方面,它們這樣做將面臨財(cái)務(wù)上的阻礙。8月又出現(xiàn)很多新情況。通過(guò)購(gòu)買應(yīng)收賬款向零售供應(yīng)商提供短期融資的公司,不再覆蓋Bed Bath & Beyond,導(dǎo)致供應(yīng)商向其供貨要面臨更大風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

不要去管那些送給戈夫的感謝信。Bed Bath & Beyond要想修復(fù)與全國(guó)品牌商的關(guān)系依舊任重道遠(yuǎn),畢竟品牌商在亞馬遜、梅西百貨(Macy’s)、科爾士百貨(Kohl’s)和沃爾瑪?shù)仍S多大型零售商也可以得到這樣的零售條款。戈夫于8月在指責(zé)特里頓時(shí)宣布,該零售商將繼續(xù)以這些品牌商為重點(diǎn),并關(guān)閉特里頓推出的三分之二的品牌。

這樣做可能是合理的。維德里茨表示,尤其是在家居用品行業(yè),購(gòu)物者通常更偏好全國(guó)性品牌而不是店鋪?zhàn)杂衅放疲@與服裝不同,因?yàn)槿藗冊(cè)谫?gòu)買服裝時(shí)更喜歡冒險(xiǎn)。但這引發(fā)了一個(gè)問(wèn)題:在特里頓時(shí)期已經(jīng)被Bed Bath & Beyond疏遠(yuǎn)的品牌商,在發(fā)現(xiàn)了財(cái)務(wù)上更穩(wěn)定的零售商之后,是否還會(huì)愿意恢復(fù)與該公司的合作?

即使它們開(kāi)始供貨,它們的商品可能被送到一片混亂的門店。最近,在Bed Bath & Beyond門店經(jīng)理的Reddit頁(yè)面上,有人哀嘆門店的Wamsutta床單庫(kù)存不可靠。Wamsutta是一個(gè)備受歡迎的中端品牌。還有人對(duì)基層員工的士氣低落心急如焚。另外,公司頒布了在門店禁止使用個(gè)人手機(jī)的新規(guī)定,引起了員工的不滿。有員工稱:“門店/公司有更大的問(wèn)題需要擔(dān)心,不要只關(guān)注我有沒(méi)有用自己的手機(jī)。”

與Bed Bath & Beyond合作的供應(yīng)商不太可能為其配送最好的商品,或者提供能夠吸引顧客的獨(dú)家售賣商品。GlobalData的總經(jīng)理尼爾·桑德斯說(shuō):“如果你是一個(gè)全國(guó)性品牌,考慮到Bed Bath & Beyond目前的狀況,你為什么會(huì)決定在這家公司推出獨(dú)家售賣商品?”(Bed Bath & Beyond的品牌總裁馬拉·斯?fàn)柟栐?月對(duì)分析師表示,公司已經(jīng)為節(jié)日季準(zhǔn)備了多款獨(dú)家售賣商品。)

此外,最近幾年,彭尼百貨、Pier 1 Imports、西爾斯百貨和Linens ’n Things陸續(xù)申請(qǐng)破產(chǎn)保護(hù),已經(jīng)給供應(yīng)商造成了影響,他們更有可能希望將最好的商品供應(yīng)給真正在增長(zhǎng)的零售商。哥倫比亞大學(xué)商學(xué)院的科恩稱:“供應(yīng)商經(jīng)常受到打擊,卻從來(lái)沒(méi)有得到任何合理的賠償。”

但恢復(fù)發(fā)放優(yōu)惠券和提供更多全國(guó)性品牌,并不可以保證購(gòu)物者就能夠重新回到Bed Bath & Beyond的門店。以彭尼百貨為例。該公司兩年前申請(qǐng)破產(chǎn)保護(hù),但其并沒(méi)有從取消優(yōu)惠券之后的客戶流失的影響中真正恢復(fù)過(guò)來(lái),如今公司的規(guī)模只有十年前的一半。

戈夫面臨著眾多挑戰(zhàn),據(jù)路透社(Reuters)報(bào)道,她將擔(dān)任臨時(shí)首席執(zhí)行官至少一年時(shí)間。雖然她取消了一些高層崗位,但Bed Bath & Beyond必須補(bǔ)足領(lǐng)導(dǎo)團(tuán)隊(duì)。而公司面臨如此可怕的困境,而高層人才流失又給人們留下了糟糕的刻板印象,這樣一家公司要吸引人才將面臨巨大的挑戰(zhàn)。

Bed Bath & Beyond決定基本推翻之前的策略,并重新恢復(fù)三年前并不成功的模式,這與彭尼百貨在九年前采取的止損措施如出一轍。表面上看,除了為消費(fèi)者提供另一個(gè)購(gòu)買KitchenAid蛋糕機(jī)的地方以外,公司的目標(biāo)是穩(wěn)定局面,并找到使其繼續(xù)存在的理由。

GlobalData的桑德斯指出:“市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈,它們很難立足。它們需要成為一家極具創(chuàng)新力的零售商,一個(gè)給人們帶來(lái)驚喜的地方。但它們?cè)谶@些方面的表現(xiàn)早已大不如前。”

經(jīng)過(guò)長(zhǎng)達(dá)數(shù)年的客戶流失,要想贏回客戶,公司必須提供真正令人驚嘆的購(gòu)物體驗(yàn)。華爾街并不看好公司的前景:高盛集團(tuán)(Goldman Sachs)對(duì)公司股票的定價(jià)為2美元,而其目前的價(jià)格為6.65美元。行業(yè)分析師同樣對(duì)Bed Bath & Beyond能否順利重整旗鼓表示質(zhì)疑。

在8月的投資者報(bào)告會(huì)上,一位貝雅資本(Baird)的分析師對(duì)戈夫說(shuō):“請(qǐng)想一想如果公司銷售的商品基本與其他零售商重合,如何才能做到差異化經(jīng)營(yíng)。”這確實(shí)是戈夫需要盡快解決的一個(gè)問(wèn)題。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

翻譯:劉進(jìn)龍

審校:汪皓

感謝信。

Bed Bath & Beyond的臨時(shí)首席執(zhí)行官蘇·戈夫正在試圖將該家居用品零售商從重重危機(jī)中拯救出來(lái)。戈夫表示這些感謝信給了她力量。這家公司多年來(lái)一直面臨銷售下滑、資金快速減少和高管人手不足等問(wèn)題。(今年9月初,據(jù)稱對(duì)公司狀況非常焦慮的古斯塔沃·阿納爾自殺,讓更多的人關(guān)注到該公司面臨的經(jīng)營(yíng)危機(jī)。)

今年6月,Bed Bath & Beyond突然將首席執(zhí)行官馬克·特里頓趕下臺(tái),之后戈夫接任首席執(zhí)行官。她堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為,供應(yīng)商依舊信任她,其中包括美國(guó)生產(chǎn)床單、家居用品等其他主要產(chǎn)品的國(guó)內(nèi)大品牌,它們是該零售商賴以生存的基礎(chǔ)。

8月末,一名華爾街分析師質(zhì)疑戈夫,為什么她會(huì)如此確信供應(yīng)商愿意與Bed Bath & Beyond合作。畢竟,兩年前,公司將業(yè)務(wù)中心轉(zhuǎn)向打造自己的品牌,曾經(jīng)讓供應(yīng)商非常惱火。這家零售商在第無(wú)數(shù)次轉(zhuǎn)型嘗試中,試圖與國(guó)內(nèi)品牌恢復(fù)合作;但它們是否愿意在即將來(lái)臨的節(jié)日季以及以后的時(shí)間,繼續(xù)為該公司供貨?

戈夫回答說(shuō):“對(duì)我而言,最能夠證明供應(yīng)商對(duì)公司認(rèn)可的一點(diǎn)是,它們會(huì)向我們重復(fù)我們的策略。它們采取的形式是發(fā)來(lái)感謝信。”她還表示,Bed Bath & Beyond的“舊既是新”策略受到廣泛的熱烈歡迎。Bed Bath & Beyond未同意戈夫接受本文的采訪。該公司稱,其首席執(zhí)行官會(huì)在9月29日公司公布季度業(yè)績(jī)時(shí),公開(kāi)發(fā)布最新信息。

關(guān)于那些感謝信?可能供應(yīng)商只是要對(duì)一家正在日漸衰弱但依舊規(guī)模龐大的客戶保持禮貌而已。雖然沒(méi)有供應(yīng)商公開(kāi)表示會(huì)部分或徹底停止與Bed Bath & Beyond合作,但該公司在8月承認(rèn)已經(jīng)有多家供應(yīng)商收緊了融資條款。這迫使戈夫和她的團(tuán)隊(duì)在今年夏天花了大量時(shí)間控制損失。

戈夫要拯救曾經(jīng)美國(guó)規(guī)模最大的家居用品專業(yè)零售商,避免被人們遺忘,她所需要的不只是一些言辭溫暖人心的信件。公司最近一個(gè)季度凈銷售額下滑25%,長(zhǎng)期大幅下滑的趨勢(shì)仍然在延續(xù),盡管家居用品市場(chǎng)每年在以4%的速度增長(zhǎng)。有分析師預(yù)測(cè),Bed Bath & Beyond公司在截至2023年2月的本財(cái)年銷售額為60億美元,只有四年前的一半左右。該公司旗下包括較為成功的Buy Buy Baby連鎖品牌。更令人擔(dān)心的是,華爾街預(yù)測(cè)Bed Bath & Beyond今年將虧損5億美元,使2018年至2022年的虧損總計(jì)達(dá)到14億美元,并且將加快其燒錢的速度。僅上個(gè)季度,該公司的運(yùn)營(yíng)支出就達(dá)到3.835億美元。

或許最糟糕的是,Bed Bath & Beyond試圖在高管職位空缺嚴(yán)重的時(shí)候,進(jìn)行全面整頓,主要措施是推翻特里頓的大多數(shù)做法。首席執(zhí)行官和財(cái)務(wù)總監(jiān)的人選目前都只是臨時(shí)安排;公司幾個(gè)月前新任命了一位首席商務(wù)官;最近公司的運(yùn)營(yíng)總監(jiān)和店鋪負(fù)責(zé)人離職,也讓公司在至關(guān)重要的節(jié)日季來(lái)臨前又經(jīng)歷了巨變。(公司合并了部分高管崗位。)公司發(fā)言人在一份聲明中對(duì)《財(cái)富》雜志表示:“公司董事會(huì)非常確信Bed Bath & Beyond公司的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)團(tuán)隊(duì)可以執(zhí)行我們的節(jié)日計(jì)劃。”

更重要的是,Bed Bath & Beyond需要弄清楚它為什么需要消費(fèi)者的關(guān)注。哥倫比亞大學(xué)商學(xué)院(Columbia Business School)的零售研究主任、加拿大西爾斯百貨(Sears Canada)的前任首席執(zhí)行官馬克·科恩問(wèn)道:“它們認(rèn)為自己現(xiàn)在是一種什么狀態(tài)?它們沒(méi)有高層領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力,沒(méi)有戰(zhàn)略,而且它們?cè)噲D讓公司恢復(fù)原來(lái)的樣子,但它們最初的處境就非常糟糕。”

一家早期成功的零售商誤入歧途

該公司早在新冠疫情爆發(fā)之前就已經(jīng)陷入了困境,并且持續(xù)了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。雖然公司的銷售額在2018年才開(kāi)始下滑,但它的問(wèn)題由來(lái)已久。

因此,當(dāng)Bed Bath & Beyond在2019年10月宣布特里頓上臺(tái)時(shí),投資者才會(huì)歡欣鼓舞。特里頓曾經(jīng)是塔吉特(Target)優(yōu)秀的首席商務(wù)官,他主持創(chuàng)建了該零售商多個(gè)非常成功的店鋪品牌,在不到三年時(shí)間里策劃推出了30個(gè)自有品牌,幫助公司實(shí)現(xiàn)了驚人逆轉(zhuǎn)。特里頓非常大膽地放棄了塔吉特旗下一些不景氣的大品牌,并以Cat & Jack和Opalhouse等家喻戶曉的品牌取而代之,結(jié)果迅速取得成功。

Bed Bath & Beyond的供應(yīng)商和員工看到了一位救星,華爾街同樣如此,認(rèn)為該公司或許能夠改造成另外一家引人注目的“塔吉特”。然而事實(shí)很快證明,即使像特里頓這樣優(yōu)秀的人擔(dān)任首席執(zhí)行官,也不可以想當(dāng)然地以為在一家公司的策略,直接搬到另外一家公司同樣能夠取得成功。特里頓拒絕就本文發(fā)表評(píng)論。

在特里頓上任時(shí),Bed Bath & Beyond已經(jīng)落后了太多。它曾經(jīng)是備受消費(fèi)者喜愛(ài)的零售商,不僅可以迎合大眾市場(chǎng),又能夠抓住流行趨勢(shì),向消費(fèi)者推出空氣炸鍋或單杯咖啡機(jī)等;它還可以通過(guò)無(wú)處不在的八折優(yōu)惠權(quán),刺激沖動(dòng)消費(fèi)。但到2018年,激動(dòng)人心的時(shí)刻結(jié)束:公司關(guān)閉店鋪,布局混亂,購(gòu)物者很難找到商品;公司提供了同一種產(chǎn)品的太多版本;而且它變得過(guò)于依賴優(yōu)惠券來(lái)促進(jìn)銷售,而不是靠宣傳和有吸引力的廣告。公司還犯了其他戰(zhàn)略性錯(cuò)誤:例如,Bed Bath & Beyond增加了大量家居清潔用品,這些商品要占據(jù)大量貨架空間,但購(gòu)物者在網(wǎng)店或沃爾瑪(Walmart)很容易就能夠買到。此舉并沒(méi)有給公司帶來(lái)新客戶,而且即使有新客戶通常也只會(huì)購(gòu)買一件商品。

公司迫于一位激進(jìn)投資者的壓力才聘請(qǐng)了特里頓。他在2019年11月上任后不久立即開(kāi)始工作,他全身心投入的狀態(tài)向華爾街證明這位新任首席執(zhí)行官說(shuō)到做到。就像他的前任老板布萊恩·康奈爾在塔吉特所做的那樣,特里頓上任后確實(shí)首先對(duì)Bed Bath & Beyond旗下的許多混亂不堪的店鋪進(jìn)行了整頓。但他上任后的第一把火是什么?在圣誕節(jié)前一周,在節(jié)日季最高峰的時(shí)候,對(duì)公司管理層進(jìn)行大清洗。特里頓辭退了五位高管,包括產(chǎn)品促銷、電子商務(wù)和市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷主管。他在2020年對(duì)《財(cái)富》雜志表示:“他們的薪酬過(guò)高,但工作效率低下。”

隨后新冠疫情爆發(fā)。雖然新冠疫情導(dǎo)致特里頓非常詳細(xì)的重整計(jì)劃被推遲執(zhí)行,但疫情也刺激家居用品消費(fèi)激增,而這反過(guò)來(lái)臨時(shí)掩蓋了Bed Bath & Beyond存在的深層次問(wèn)題。新冠疫情迫使公司改進(jìn)了電子商務(wù),并提供路邊自提等服務(wù),這對(duì)公司反而有戰(zhàn)略性的促進(jìn)意義。得益于公司自身采取的措施以及家居用品消費(fèi)增長(zhǎng)的大環(huán)境, Bed Bath & Beyond有兩個(gè)季度艱難實(shí)現(xiàn)了增長(zhǎng),讓人們臨時(shí)相信特里頓的重整策略是成功的。

到2020年11月,特里頓準(zhǔn)備公布他的全面計(jì)劃。首先是一些容易完成的任務(wù):當(dāng)時(shí)公司共有約800家門店,他決定關(guān)閉200家(公司目前又關(guān)閉了150家門店,并裁員20%)。他會(huì)減少令購(gòu)物者不知所措的產(chǎn)品選擇(當(dāng)時(shí)Bed Bath & Beyond carried提供了太多土豆削皮器,這令他大為光火)。他開(kāi)始出售公司旗下的小規(guī)模連鎖店,比如圣誕樹(shù)商店(Christmas Tree Shops),融資20億美元,并改善公司的資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表。

特里頓還將利用他在塔吉特、諾德斯特龍(Nordstrom)和耐克(Nike)培養(yǎng)出來(lái)的品牌建設(shè)能力,推出10個(gè)新品牌。他提出了一個(gè)大膽的目標(biāo):店鋪品牌的銷售占比從當(dāng)時(shí)的10%提高到30%。他相信,Bed Bath & Beyond未能贏得年輕顧客的青睞,是因?yàn)闆](méi)有足夠多的最低價(jià)位商品。該零售商曾經(jīng)占主導(dǎo)地位的婚禮禮品登記業(yè)務(wù)出現(xiàn)下滑,這是年輕購(gòu)物者流失的另外一個(gè)表現(xiàn)。

特里頓還面臨另外一個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)性問(wèn)題:由于庫(kù)存管理系統(tǒng)陳舊和供應(yīng)鏈不足導(dǎo)致的補(bǔ)貨問(wèn)題。特里頓發(fā)誓要解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。他還有一個(gè)更重要的舉措:Bed Bath & Beyond取消了大量?jī)?yōu)惠券。該公司會(huì)每周向顧客發(fā)放折扣,無(wú)論顧客是否需要。

到2021年年中,Bed Bath & Beyond發(fā)展軌跡的任何改善轉(zhuǎn)瞬即逝,銷售額開(kāi)始下跌。

SW Retail Advisors公司的總裁斯泰西·維德里茨指出,特里頓推出的一些新品牌,尤其是床單或沙發(fā)套等紡織品,與購(gòu)物者從亞馬遜倍思(Amazon Basics)買到的類似商品相比,并沒(méi)有做到物有所值。她說(shuō):“特里頓在塔吉特的做法,無(wú)法照搬到Bed Bath & Beyond,當(dāng)顧客走進(jìn)店鋪的時(shí)候會(huì)感覺(jué),它們提供的自有品牌產(chǎn)品既沒(méi)有獨(dú)特性,價(jià)格也不優(yōu)惠。”維德里茨還表示,長(zhǎng)期缺貨問(wèn)題導(dǎo)致購(gòu)物者很難將商品進(jìn)行配對(duì),了解哪些商品可以相互搭配。

而且,雖然Bed Bath & Beyond一直在濫用優(yōu)惠券,但分析師估計(jì)(哥倫比亞大學(xué)商學(xué)院的科恩表示,公司的優(yōu)惠券政策“混亂不堪”),現(xiàn)實(shí)以殘忍的方式提醒公司,購(gòu)物者是多么喜歡優(yōu)惠券,而且就像藥物成癮者一樣,要讓購(gòu)物者擺脫對(duì)優(yōu)惠券的依賴有巨大的難度。取消大多數(shù)優(yōu)惠券,給Bed Bath & Beyond帶來(lái)了災(zāi)難性的后果,就像彭尼百貨(J.C. Penney)2012年在前蘋果公司(Apple)天才羅恩·約翰遜領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下的遭遇一樣。當(dāng)時(shí),連鎖超市彭尼百貨也執(zhí)行了重整計(jì)劃,主要策略就是取消折扣,結(jié)果在第一年就損失了40億美元。

到2021年年底,事實(shí)已經(jīng)證明,特里頓不可能解決公司的缺貨問(wèn)題。在截至2月的財(cái)年第三季度,在全球供應(yīng)鏈危機(jī)的沖擊下,Bed Bath & Beyond sales銷售額同比下降28%,僅有18.8億美元,這個(gè)下降幅度已經(jīng)超過(guò)了面臨同樣危機(jī)的同行們能夠承受的程度。特里頓批評(píng)供應(yīng)商沒(méi)有按照足夠的數(shù)量或提前履行訂單。但許多問(wèn)題的根源在公司內(nèi)部:在塔吉特的時(shí)候,公司所面臨的缺貨問(wèn)題也是在經(jīng)過(guò)多年之后才得到解決,但至少當(dāng)時(shí)生產(chǎn)和運(yùn)輸一切正常。即使早在新冠疫情之前,Bed Bath & Beyond的供應(yīng)鏈效率就已經(jīng)被認(rèn)為低于平均水平;在新冠疫情時(shí)期,由于難以預(yù)測(cè)的消費(fèi)者需求,供應(yīng)鏈方面的弱點(diǎn)帶來(lái)了災(zāi)難性的后果。

去年,更麻煩的是,特里頓還要應(yīng)對(duì)Chewy.com的創(chuàng)始人之一、激進(jìn)投資者瑞安·科恩。科恩一直要求Bed Bath & Beyond進(jìn)行改革,例如出售Buy Buy Baby、執(zhí)行更嚴(yán)格的成本紀(jì)律和整頓董事會(huì)等。他在今年8月不再在公司擔(dān)任職務(wù)。

特里頓確實(shí)在某種程度上安撫了投資者:在他領(lǐng)導(dǎo)期間,公司共投入了10億美元回購(gòu)股票,以安撫華爾街的情緒。但現(xiàn)在看來(lái),此舉純屬誤入歧途,因?yàn)檫@筆資金本可以用于修繕店鋪和增強(qiáng)Bed Bath & Beyond的配送系統(tǒng),而且公司的股價(jià)依舊在下跌。

即將到來(lái)的節(jié)日季的挑戰(zhàn)

隨著節(jié)日季來(lái)臨,現(xiàn)在尚無(wú)法確定供應(yīng)商今年是否能夠?yàn)檫@家陷入困境的零售商改善缺貨問(wèn)題,還是說(shuō)供應(yīng)商根本不會(huì)嘗試提供幫助。一方面,它們這樣做將面臨財(cái)務(wù)上的阻礙。8月又出現(xiàn)很多新情況。通過(guò)購(gòu)買應(yīng)收賬款向零售供應(yīng)商提供短期融資的公司,不再覆蓋Bed Bath & Beyond,導(dǎo)致供應(yīng)商向其供貨要面臨更大風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

不要去管那些送給戈夫的感謝信。Bed Bath & Beyond要想修復(fù)與全國(guó)品牌商的關(guān)系依舊任重道遠(yuǎn),畢竟品牌商在亞馬遜、梅西百貨(Macy’s)、科爾士百貨(Kohl’s)和沃爾瑪?shù)仍S多大型零售商也可以得到這樣的零售條款。戈夫于8月在指責(zé)特里頓時(shí)宣布,該零售商將繼續(xù)以這些品牌商為重點(diǎn),并關(guān)閉特里頓推出的三分之二的品牌。

這樣做可能是合理的。維德里茨表示,尤其是在家居用品行業(yè),購(gòu)物者通常更偏好全國(guó)性品牌而不是店鋪?zhàn)杂衅放疲@與服裝不同,因?yàn)槿藗冊(cè)谫?gòu)買服裝時(shí)更喜歡冒險(xiǎn)。但這引發(fā)了一個(gè)問(wèn)題:在特里頓時(shí)期已經(jīng)被Bed Bath & Beyond疏遠(yuǎn)的品牌商,在發(fā)現(xiàn)了財(cái)務(wù)上更穩(wěn)定的零售商之后,是否還會(huì)愿意恢復(fù)與該公司的合作?

即使它們開(kāi)始供貨,它們的商品可能被送到一片混亂的門店。最近,在Bed Bath & Beyond門店經(jīng)理的Reddit頁(yè)面上,有人哀嘆門店的Wamsutta床單庫(kù)存不可靠。Wamsutta是一個(gè)備受歡迎的中端品牌。還有人對(duì)基層員工的士氣低落心急如焚。另外,公司頒布了在門店禁止使用個(gè)人手機(jī)的新規(guī)定,引起了員工的不滿。有員工稱:“門店/公司有更大的問(wèn)題需要擔(dān)心,不要只關(guān)注我有沒(méi)有用自己的手機(jī)。”

與Bed Bath & Beyond合作的供應(yīng)商不太可能為其配送最好的商品,或者提供能夠吸引顧客的獨(dú)家售賣商品。GlobalData的總經(jīng)理尼爾·桑德斯說(shuō):“如果你是一個(gè)全國(guó)性品牌,考慮到Bed Bath & Beyond目前的狀況,你為什么會(huì)決定在這家公司推出獨(dú)家售賣商品?”(Bed Bath & Beyond的品牌總裁馬拉·斯?fàn)柟栐?月對(duì)分析師表示,公司已經(jīng)為節(jié)日季準(zhǔn)備了多款獨(dú)家售賣商品。)

此外,最近幾年,彭尼百貨、Pier 1 Imports、西爾斯百貨和Linens ’n Things陸續(xù)申請(qǐng)破產(chǎn)保護(hù),已經(jīng)給供應(yīng)商造成了影響,他們更有可能希望將最好的商品供應(yīng)給真正在增長(zhǎng)的零售商。哥倫比亞大學(xué)商學(xué)院的科恩稱:“供應(yīng)商經(jīng)常受到打擊,卻從來(lái)沒(méi)有得到任何合理的賠償。”

但恢復(fù)發(fā)放優(yōu)惠券和提供更多全國(guó)性品牌,并不可以保證購(gòu)物者就能夠重新回到Bed Bath & Beyond的門店。以彭尼百貨為例。該公司兩年前申請(qǐng)破產(chǎn)保護(hù),但其并沒(méi)有從取消優(yōu)惠券之后的客戶流失的影響中真正恢復(fù)過(guò)來(lái),如今公司的規(guī)模只有十年前的一半。

戈夫面臨著眾多挑戰(zhàn),據(jù)路透社(Reuters)報(bào)道,她將擔(dān)任臨時(shí)首席執(zhí)行官至少一年時(shí)間。雖然她取消了一些高層崗位,但Bed Bath & Beyond必須補(bǔ)足領(lǐng)導(dǎo)團(tuán)隊(duì)。而公司面臨如此可怕的困境,而高層人才流失又給人們留下了糟糕的刻板印象,這樣一家公司要吸引人才將面臨巨大的挑戰(zhàn)。

Bed Bath & Beyond決定基本推翻之前的策略,并重新恢復(fù)三年前并不成功的模式,這與彭尼百貨在九年前采取的止損措施如出一轍。表面上看,除了為消費(fèi)者提供另一個(gè)購(gòu)買KitchenAid蛋糕機(jī)的地方以外,公司的目標(biāo)是穩(wěn)定局面,并找到使其繼續(xù)存在的理由。

GlobalData的桑德斯指出:“市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈,它們很難立足。它們需要成為一家極具創(chuàng)新力的零售商,一個(gè)給人們帶來(lái)驚喜的地方。但它們?cè)谶@些方面的表現(xiàn)早已大不如前。”

經(jīng)過(guò)長(zhǎng)達(dá)數(shù)年的客戶流失,要想贏回客戶,公司必須提供真正令人驚嘆的購(gòu)物體驗(yàn)。華爾街并不看好公司的前景:高盛集團(tuán)(Goldman Sachs)對(duì)公司股票的定價(jià)為2美元,而其目前的價(jià)格為6.65美元。行業(yè)分析師同樣對(duì)Bed Bath & Beyond能否順利重整旗鼓表示質(zhì)疑。

在8月的投資者報(bào)告會(huì)上,一位貝雅資本(Baird)的分析師對(duì)戈夫說(shuō):“請(qǐng)想一想如果公司銷售的商品基本與其他零售商重合,如何才能做到差異化經(jīng)營(yíng)。”這確實(shí)是戈夫需要盡快解決的一個(gè)問(wèn)題。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

翻譯:劉進(jìn)龍

審校:汪皓

Thank-you notes.

Those are what Bed Bath & Beyond’s interim CEO, Sue Gove, has said give her succor as she tries to dig the deeply troubled home goods retailer out of a massive crisis. The company has been plagued for years by plunging sales, lightning-fast cash burn, and a depleted C-suite. (Its business crisis was thrust into an even wider spotlight, in early September, by the suicide of Gustavo Arnal, who was reportedly deeply anxious over the condition of the company.)

But Gove, a board member who took the reins in June after Bed Bath & Beyond abruptly ousted CEO Mark Tritton, insists that she still has the trust of vendors—the big national brands that make the sheets, home goods, and other staples on whom the retailer’s survival depends.

In late August, Gove was asked by a Wall Street analyst how she could be so sure that those vendors would be willing to work with Bed Bath & Beyond. After all, they’d been burned by the company two years ago, when it shifted its focus to building its own brands. The retailer was now pivoting back to national brands in its umpteenth turnaround attempt; would they be willing to keep its shelves stocked in the upcoming holiday season and beyond?

“One of the most telling pieces to me, in terms of their receptivity, is how they are parroting back to us our strategy,” Gove replied. “That’s come in the form of thank-you notes.” She went on to say there has been a “wide, open-armed embrace” of Bed Bath & Beyond’s old-is-new strategy. Bed Bath & Beyond declined to make Gove available for further comment for this piece, saying the CEO would provide an update publicly on September 29 when the company reports quarterly earnings.

As for those notes? Well, it’s possible that the vendors were just being polite with a declining but still sizable customer. While no vendors have said publicly that they would pull back either partly or altogether from Bed Bath & Beyond, the company acknowledged in August a number of them have tightened their financing terms. That led Gove and her team to spend a lot of time on damage control this summer.

Gove will need more than some warmly worded correspondence to save what was once the largest specialized home goods retailer in the country from retail oblivion. In the company’s most recent quarter, net sales fell 25%, continuing a long streak of dramatic declines—even at a time when the home-furnishings market has been growing 4% annually. And analysts expect Bed Bath & Beyond Inc., the broader company that includes the more successful Buy Buy Baby chain, to post sales of $6 billion in its current fiscal year ending in February 2023—about half their level just four years ago. More worrisome, Wall Street projects Bed Bath & Beyond will lose $500 million this year, adding to losses of $1.4 billion between 2018 and 2022, and accelerating its intense cash burn. Last quarter alone, the company’s operations burned through $383.5 million.

Perhaps most daunting of all, Bed Bath & Beyond now has to try to effect a turnaround, largely based on reversing most of Tritton’s work, at a time when there are major vacancies in the C-suite. The CEO and finance chief roles are both occupied by interim officers; it named a new chief merchant only a few months ago; and the recent departures of the company’s operations chief and its stores chief are also big changes at the start of the key holiday season. (Some roles in the C-suite have been combined.) A company spokesperson told Fortune in a statement that “the board is very confident that Bed Bath & Beyond Inc. has the leadership team to execute our plans for holiday.”

More fundamentally, Bed Bath & Beyond has to figure out why it needs to exist in consumers’ eyes. “Where do they find themselves now?” asked Mark Cohen, director of retail studies at Columbia Business School and a former CEO of Sears Canada. “They’ve got no senior leadership, they’ve got no strategy, and they’re trying to swing the pendulum back to where it was, and that was a pretty crappy place.”

A retail wunderkind misfires

That crappy place predates the pandemic by a substantial span. While the company’s sales only started to decline in 2018, its problems had been brewing for years.

That’s why, when Bed Bath & Beyond announced in October 2019 that Tritton was taking the reins, investors were elated. Tritton was the whiz chief merchant at Target who oversaw the creation of many of that retailer’s highly successful store brands, engineering 30 label launches in less than three years that helped fuel its stunning turnaround. Tritton was bold enough to scrap some big but stagnant Target brands and replace them with instantly successful house names like Cat & Jack and Opalhouse.

Bed Bath & Beyond vendors and workers saw a potential savior, and so did Wall Street—maybe the company could reinvent itself as a buzzy “Tarzhay.” But as would soon become clear, as talented as Tritton was, a new CEO can’t just assume his playbook from one company will automatically work at another. Tritton declined to comment for this article.

Bed Bath & Beyond had fallen a long way by the time he arrived. It was once a beloved retailer that managed to be both mass-market and slightly trendy, introducing consumers to new products like air fryers or single serve coffee makers; it also had a reputation for prompting impulse buys with its ubiquitous 20%-off coupons. But by 2018, the thrill was gone: Stores were cluttered, confusing, and hard for shoppers to navigate; the company offered too many versions of the same products; and it had become almost too reliant on coupons—rather than on buzz or attractive presentation—to drum up sales. There were other strategic misfires: For example, Bed Bath & Beyond had added a huge assortment of household cleaning products, items that consumed considerable shelf space but that shoppers could easily find online or at Walmart. It was not winning new customers, and those that did come often left with only one item.

Tritton, who had been brought in after pressure on the company from an activist investor, got to work right away in November 2019, guns blazing to show Wall Street the rookie CEO meant business. Just as his former boss Brian Cornell had done at Target, Tritton did start to spiffy up many of Bed Bath & Beyond’s clutter-ridden stores. But his first major move? Purging Bed Bath & Beyond’s C-suite—just one week before Christmas, at the peak of the holiday season. Tritton sent five top executives packing, including its merchandising, e-commerce, and marketing chiefs. “They were expensive, and they were ineffective,” he told Fortune in 2020.

Then COVID-19 struck. While the pandemic delayed the unveiling of Tritton’s fully fleshed out turnaround plan, it also led to a surge in home goods spending—and that, in turn, temporarily hid Bed Bath & Beyond’s deep problems. The pandemic even gave the company a strategic boost by forcing it to improve its e-commerce and offer services like curbside pickup. Bed Bath & Beyond was able to squeeze a couple of quarters of growth out, buoyed by its own moves and the overall spike in home goods spending, temporarily giving people faith the Tritton turnaround was working.

By November 2020, Tritton was ready to announce his master plan. First, he addressed some low-hanging fruit: He would close 200 stores out of some 800 locations at the time (the company is closing another 150 now and cutting 20% of jobs). He would reduce a product selection that could overwhelm shoppers (at the time he was particularly incensed by how many potato-peelers Bed Bath & Beyond carried.) And he had begun selling off smaller store chains in the company’s portfolio like Christmas Tree Shops, raising $2 billion and improving the balance sheet.

Tritton would also apply his brand-building prowess—honed at Target, Nordstrom, and Nike before that—to launch 10 new brands. His bold goal: having store brands generate 30% of sales, up from 10% at the time. He believed that Bed Bath & Beyond had failed to win young customers by not having enough “opening price point” items, retail parlance for cheaper goods. The retailer’s once-dominant wedding registry business had slipped, another sign that young shoppers were looking elsewhere.

Tritton had another structural problem to tame: Bed Bath & Beyond had trouble stocking shelves, owing to an antiquated inventory management system and inadequate supply chain. Tritton vowed to fix that. He also made another, more fateful move: Bed Bath & Beyond ditched much of the chain’s coupons system, which issued weekly discount offers to customers whether they asked for them or not.

By mid-2021, it was becoming clear that any improvements in Bed Bath & Beyond’s trajectory had been fleeting, and sales began to plunge.

Stacey Widlitz, president of SW Retail Advisors, points out that some of Tritton’s new brands, notably in textiles like sheets or throws, were of too low a quality in relation to their price, certainly in comparison with the deals that shoppers could get for similar items at Amazon Basics. “The playbook from Target did not transfer to Bed Bath & Beyond, and the customer walked in and felt they weren’t providing private label products that were distinctive and at a better price,” she says. Widlitz also said that chronic out-of-stock problems made it hard for shoppers to match items and see what worked together.

What’s more, while Bed Bath & Beyond had been overdoing it on coupons, in the estimation of analysts (Columbia’s Cohen says it was doling them out “promiscuously”), it was brutally reminded how much shoppers love them, and how hard it is to wean them off the drug. The elimination of most coupons yielded the same disastrous results at Bed Bath & Beyond as they had at J.C. Penney under former Apple whiz kid Ron Johnson years earlier in 2012, when that department store chain lost $4 billion in the first year of a turnaround attempt anchored in large part on ditching discounting.

By the end of 2021, it was also becoming clear that Tritton was not coming even close to licking the company’s out-of-stock problem. In the third quarter of the fiscal year ended in February, Bed Bath & Beyond sales dropped 28% year over year, to $1.88 billion, because of the global supply-chain crisis—a drop far deeper than those endured by its peers facing the same crisis. Tritton blamed vendors for not filling orders in sufficient numbers or early enough. But many of the problems were internal: At Target, which had also had out-of-stock problems for years before taming it, Tritton could at least rely on a well-oiled machine for making and shipping. Bed Bath & Beyond’s supply-chain muscle was considered subpar even before the pandemic; in the COVID era, with its hard-to-predict consumer demand, that vulnerability has proved catastrophic.

Adding to the drama of the past year, Tritton had to deal with activist investor Ryan Cohen, one of the founders of Chewy.com. Cohen in August exited his position in Bed Bath & Beyond after months of pushing for changes, like selling off Buy Buy Baby, more cost discipline, and changing up the board.

Tritton did appease investors in one way: Under his leadership, the company spent $1 billion on share buybacks to mollify Wall Street. But that’s a move now seen as misguided, given that the money could have been better used on store improvements and beefing up Bed Bath & Beyond’s distribution system—and that shares plunged anyway.

Tough holidays ahead

As Bed Bath & Beyond heads into the holiday season, it’s not clear vendors will do any better this year at keeping the struggling retailer’s shelves stocked, or that they’ll even try. For one thing, they’ll face a financial disincentive. In August, several “factors”—companies that provide short-term financing to retail vendors by buying their accounts receivable—revoked coverage of the company, making it riskier for vendors to ship to Bed Bath & Beyond.

Thank-you notes to Gove aside, Bed Bath & Beyond has a lot of repair work to do in its relations with national brands, the retail term for brands widely available at many other major retailers such as Amazon, Macy’s, Kohl’s, and Walmart. In a rebuke to Tritton, Gove in August announced that the retailer would renew its focus on those brands, and close two-thirds of the brands that Tritton launched.

That is likely sensible. Widlitz says in home goods in particular, shoppers generally prefer national brands over store brands, unlike apparel where they are more adventurous. But that prompts the question: Will the brands that Bed Bath & Beyond alienated under Tritton step up again, when many have found other more financially stable retailers to ship to?

Even if they do ship, their goods will be arriving at stores that are in disarray. Recently on a Reddit page for Bed Bath & Beyond store managers, some were lamenting how unreliably stocked their stores were with Wamsutta sheets—a popular and widely available mid-price brand. Others fretted over how low morale was on the front lines. Elsewhere, other workers were chafing under a new, no-personal-phones rule on store floors, with one posting, “The store/company has bigger issues to worry about other than me being on my phone.”

Vendors who do play ball with Bed Bath & Beyond are unlikely to send their best merchandise or offer much in the way of exclusives that would give anyone a compelling reason to visit. “If you’re a national brand, why on earth would you decide to launch exclusive things with Bed Bath & Beyond given the state that they’re in?” asked Neil Saunders, a managing director at GlobalData. (Bed Bath & Beyond’s brand president, Mara Sirhal, told analysts in August that the company had lined up some exclusive lines for the holidays.)

What’s more, vendors have been burned in recent years by the Chapter 11 bankruptcy filings of rivals like J.C. Penney, Pier 1 Imports, Sears, and Linens ’n Things, and they are more likely to want to supply their best merchandise to retailers that are actually growing. “Vendors always get slammed, and they never get any kind of reasonable recovery,” says Columbia’s Cohen.

But bringing back coupons and offering more national brands won’t guarantee shoppers will go running back into Bed Bath & Beyond’s stores. Just ask J.C. Penney, which filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection two years ago and never really recovered from customer defection after it ditched coupons, and now is half the size it was a decade ago.

There is no shortage of challenges for Gove, who according to a Reuters report, will stay in the interim CEO post for a least a year,. While she has eliminated some C-suite jobs, Bed Bath & Beyond must fill its leadership gap. And talent attraction is a tough order for a company in such dire straits, and with compromised institutional memory after all the turnover at the top.

Bed Bath & Beyond’s decision to essentially reverse strategy and go back to a model that was not working at all just three years ago has echoes of what Penney did to stanch the hemorrhage nine years ago. Ostensibly the goal is for the retailer to steady itself while it figures out what gives Bed Bath & Beyond a raison d’être, outside of being yet another place to buy a KitchenAid cake maker.

“The market is very crowded, and it’s hard to see where they fit in,” says GlobalData’s Saunders. “They need to be a very innovative retailer, a place of discovery. But they really aren’t that good at those things anymore.”

After years of shopper exodus, it will take a truly spectacular shopping experience to win them back. Wall Street has its doubts: Goldman Sachs has a price target on BBBY of $2, compared with its current price of $6.65. Industry analysts are similarly skeptical Bed Bath & Beyond can pull it off.

During the August investor presentation, a Baird analyst said to Gove: “Just trying to understand how you really differentiate the business by selling product that is widely available at other retailers.” That is exactly what Gove has to figure out, and fast.

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