汽油價格在6月14日創下每加侖5.01美元的歷史新高后,目前已經連續14周下跌。
根據美國汽車協會(American Automobile Association)的數據,9月19日,全美普通汽油的平均價格僅為每加侖3.67美元。
然而,與一年前相比,油價仍然上漲了約15%。就在拜登政府慶祝最近美國司機松了一口氣之際,美國銀行(Bank of America)警告說,近期的油價下跌趨勢可能已至尾聲。
該投資銀行的分析師認為,油價將在今年年底前突破每桶100美元,并在2023年一直維持在這一水平,成為消費者難以承受之痛。9月19日,國際基準布倫特原油(Brent crude)報每桶91美元,本月早些時候曾經跌至88美元。
“我們預計油價不會大幅回落。”由大宗商品和衍生品策略師弗朗西斯科·布蘭奇領導的美國銀行團隊在9月16日的一份研究報告中寫道。“正如歐佩克(OPEC)和美國政府在過去兩周中所表示的那樣,美國和其他地方的通脹范圍廣泛,很可能會抬高油價底線。”
美國銀行的觀點是基于這樣一種看法:由于新冠疫情封城和中國創紀錄的熱浪導致工廠關閉,亞洲對石油的需求在2022年受到抑制,但明年將會出現反彈,價格應該會隨之波動。
國際能源署(IEA)的數據顯示,中國今年的石油需求將下降2.7%,這是自2002年以來出現的首次下降。
美國銀行的研究團隊寫道:“在未來幾個月里,很容易推動油價大幅上漲的一大要素是亞洲的重新開放。事實上,到2023年,我們預計亞洲石油需求將占全球增長量的86%,而2022年這一比例僅為19%。”
除了亞洲對石油的需求不斷上升外,美國銀行的分析師還指出,歐佩克最近同意每日削減10萬桶石油產量。盡管此次減產幅度相對較小,但這是歐佩克歷史上首次在油價高于每桶90美元的情況下減產,這可能表明即使油價與歷史水平相比仍然處于高位,歐佩克成員國在未來減產的意向會更大。
據美國銀行稱,最近天然氣和煤炭價格的飆升是看漲未來一年油價的另一個原因。正如《財富》雜志此前報道的那樣,當這些關鍵大宗商品的價格上漲時,一些公用事業公司往往會將發電的主要燃料轉向石油,以維持盈利能力。當許多公用事業公司同時這樣做時,可能會導致石油需求激增。
最后,美國銀行的分析師表示,拜登政府最近表態給他們留下的印象是,當油價達到每桶80美元時,聯邦政府可能會開始補充戰略石油儲備(Strategic Petroleum Reserve)。
今年3月,在俄烏沖突將油價短暫推高至每桶139美元以上之后,拜登總統從美國的戰略石油儲備中釋放了1.8億桶石油,以期降低天然氣價格。但現在,必須取代石油。美國銀行認為,當政府試圖這樣做時,最終會將油價的底線推高至一個大多數美國人都難以承受的水平。
預測風險
2022年,經濟學家和分析人士多次警告稱,這是歷史上最難做出預測的時期之一。從國際政治緊張局勢到全球通脹,變數太多,即便是最樂觀的預測也有可能被推翻。
考慮到這一點,美國銀行團隊指出,他們的悲觀預測存在多重風險。
首先,如果全球經濟衰退來襲,石油需求可能就會下降,從而導致油價下跌。美國銀行目前預計,明年全球經濟增速僅為2.5%,在經濟衰退的情況下,這一數字可能會大幅下降。
“簡而言之,全球GDP增長和石油需求在近幾個季度大幅放緩,如果經濟活動進一步減弱,油價可能就會下跌。”分析師寫道。
然而,盡管美國銀行團隊承認,“全球經濟衰退帶來關鍵的下行風險”,但他們補充說,他們仍然認為石油庫存和產能較低應該會在明年年底之前使油價保持高位。
此外,如果由于俄烏沖突下西方對俄羅斯的制裁,俄羅斯的石油供應中斷超過目前的水平,那么每桶100美元的油價目標很可能定的就有點低。
美國銀行預計,俄羅斯明年將每天向全球市場供應約1,000萬桶石油。他們估計,日供應量每損失100萬桶石油,油價就會上漲20美元到25美元。
“因此,未來幾個季度俄羅斯減產或供應進一步中斷……石油市場可能很快就會得到警告。”他們寫道。(財富中文網)
譯者:中慧言-王芳
汽油價格在6月14日創下每加侖5.01美元的歷史新高后,目前已經連續14周下跌。
根據美國汽車協會(American Automobile Association)的數據,9月19日,全美普通汽油的平均價格僅為每加侖3.67美元。
然而,與一年前相比,油價仍然上漲了約15%。就在拜登政府慶祝最近美國司機松了一口氣之際,美國銀行(Bank of America)警告說,近期的油價下跌趨勢可能已至尾聲。
該投資銀行的分析師認為,油價將在今年年底前突破每桶100美元,并在2023年一直維持在這一水平,成為消費者難以承受之痛。9月19日,國際基準布倫特原油(Brent crude)報每桶91美元,本月早些時候曾經跌至88美元。
“我們預計油價不會大幅回落。”由大宗商品和衍生品策略師弗朗西斯科·布蘭奇領導的美國銀行團隊在9月16日的一份研究報告中寫道。“正如歐佩克(OPEC)和美國政府在過去兩周中所表示的那樣,美國和其他地方的通脹范圍廣泛,很可能會抬高油價底線。”
美國銀行的觀點是基于這樣一種看法:由于新冠疫情封城和中國創紀錄的熱浪導致工廠關閉,亞洲對石油的需求在2022年受到抑制,但明年將會出現反彈,價格應該會隨之波動。
國際能源署(IEA)的數據顯示,中國今年的石油需求將下降2.7%,這是自2002年以來出現的首次下降。
美國銀行的研究團隊寫道:“在未來幾個月里,很容易推動油價大幅上漲的一大要素是亞洲的重新開放。事實上,到2023年,我們預計亞洲石油需求將占全球增長量的86%,而2022年這一比例僅為19%。”
除了亞洲對石油的需求不斷上升外,美國銀行的分析師還指出,歐佩克最近同意每日削減10萬桶石油產量。盡管此次減產幅度相對較小,但這是歐佩克歷史上首次在油價高于每桶90美元的情況下減產,這可能表明即使油價與歷史水平相比仍然處于高位,歐佩克成員國在未來減產的意向會更大。
據美國銀行稱,最近天然氣和煤炭價格的飆升是看漲未來一年油價的另一個原因。正如《財富》雜志此前報道的那樣,當這些關鍵大宗商品的價格上漲時,一些公用事業公司往往會將發電的主要燃料轉向石油,以維持盈利能力。當許多公用事業公司同時這樣做時,可能會導致石油需求激增。
最后,美國銀行的分析師表示,拜登政府最近表態給他們留下的印象是,當油價達到每桶80美元時,聯邦政府可能會開始補充戰略石油儲備(Strategic Petroleum Reserve)。
今年3月,在俄烏沖突將油價短暫推高至每桶139美元以上之后,拜登總統從美國的戰略石油儲備中釋放了1.8億桶石油,以期降低天然氣價格。但現在,必須取代石油。美國銀行認為,當政府試圖這樣做時,最終會將油價的底線推高至一個大多數美國人都難以承受的水平。
預測風險
2022年,經濟學家和分析人士多次警告稱,這是歷史上最難做出預測的時期之一。從國際政治緊張局勢到全球通脹,變數太多,即便是最樂觀的預測也有可能被推翻。
考慮到這一點,美國銀行團隊指出,他們的悲觀預測存在多重風險。
首先,如果全球經濟衰退來襲,石油需求可能就會下降,從而導致油價下跌。美國銀行目前預計,明年全球經濟增速僅為2.5%,在經濟衰退的情況下,這一數字可能會大幅下降。
“簡而言之,全球GDP增長和石油需求在近幾個季度大幅放緩,如果經濟活動進一步減弱,油價可能就會下跌。”分析師寫道。
然而,盡管美國銀行團隊承認,“全球經濟衰退帶來關鍵的下行風險”,但他們補充說,他們仍然認為石油庫存和產能較低應該會在明年年底之前使油價保持高位。
此外,如果由于俄烏沖突下西方對俄羅斯的制裁,俄羅斯的石油供應中斷超過目前的水平,那么每桶100美元的油價目標很可能定的就有點低。
美國銀行預計,俄羅斯明年將每天向全球市場供應約1,000萬桶石油。他們估計,日供應量每損失100萬桶石油,油價就會上漲20美元到25美元。
“因此,未來幾個季度俄羅斯減產或供應進一步中斷……石油市場可能很快就會得到警告。”他們寫道。(財富中文網)
譯者:中慧言-王芳
Gasoline prices have now declined for 14 straight weeks after hitting a record high of $5.01 per gallon on June 14.
On September 9, a gallon of regular gas averaged just $3.67 nationwide, according to the American Automobile Association.
However, prices are still up roughly 15% compared with a year ago, and even as the Biden administration celebrates the recent relief for American drivers, Bank of America warns that the recent decline in gas prices may be over.
The investment bank’s analysts believe oil prices will top $100 per barrel by the end of the year and remain there throughout 2023, leading to more tough times for consumers at the gas pump. On September 19, Brent crude, the international benchmark, traded at $91 per barrel after sinking to $88 earlier this month.
“We do not expect a major pullback in oil prices,” a Bank of America team led by commodity and derivatives strategist Francisco Blanch, wrote in a September 16 research report. “Broad-based inflation in the U.S. and elsewhere will likely lift the floor on oil prices, as signaled by OPEC and the U.S. government in the past two weeks.”
Bank of America’s argument is based on the idea that demand for oil in Asia has been suppressed in 2022 amid COVID-19 lockdowns and a record heat wave in China that has shuttered factories, but it’s set to rebound next year, and prices should move with it.
Oil demand in China is on pace to shrink 2.7% this year, its first decline since 2002, according to data from the IEA.
“One factor that could easily drive oil prices a lot higher over the coming months is the reopening of Asia,” the Bank of America team wrote. “In fact, heading into 2023, we project Asian oil demand to account for 86% of global growth compared to just 19% in 2022.”
On top of the rising demand for oil in Asia, Bank of America’s analysts noted that OPEC recently agreed to cut its oil production by 100,000 barrels daily. Although this was a relatively small cut, it marks the first time in history that OPEC has cut production with oil prices above $90 per barrel, which could signal more willingness by OPEC members to make future cuts, even if oil prices remain elevated compared with historical norms.
The recent surge in natural gas and coal prices is another reason to be bullish on oil over the coming year, according to Bank of America. As Fortune previously reported, when the prices of these critical commodities rise, the utilities that generate power using them are often forced to switch to oil as their main fuel source in order to maintain profitability. And when many utilities do this all at once, it can lead to surging demand for oil.
Finally, Bank of America’s analysts said that statements from the Biden administration have given them the impression that when oil prices hit $80 per barrel, the federal government may begin refilling the Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR).
In March, after the war in Ukraine briefly pushed oil prices to over $139 per barrel, President Biden released 180 million barrels of oil from the U.S. strategic reserve in hopes of lowering gas prices. But now, that oil must be replaced, and Bank of America argues that when the government tries to do this, it will end up putting a floor under oil prices at a level that most Americans won’t appreciate.
Risks to the forecast
Throughout 2022, economists and analysts have repeatedly warned that this is among the most difficult periods in history to make predictions. From international political tensions to global inflation, the number of variables that can blow up even the best of forecasts is immense.
With this in mind, the Bank of America team noted that there are multiple risks to their pessimistic forecast.
First, if a global recession hits, oil demand will likely fall, which could lead to lower prices. Bank of America currently expects global economic growth of just 2.5% next year, and in a recessionary scenario, that figure could drop sharply.
“In short, global GDP growth and oil demand have been slowing down materially in recent quarters, and oil prices could fall if economic activity weakens further,” the analysts wrote.
However, although the Bank of America team admitted that a “global recession presents a key downside risk to our views,” they added that they still believe low oil inventories and production capacity should keep prices elevated through the end of next year.
Additionally, if Russian oil supply is disrupted beyond current levels as a result of the Ukraine war sanctions, a $100 price target for oil would likely be low.
Bank of America expects Russia to supply roughly 10 million barrels of oil daily to the global market next year. And they estimate that for every 1 million barrels of oil that are lost each day, prices could jump $20 to $25 per barrel.
“As such, a curtailment in Russian production or further supply disruptions over the coming quarters…could quickly put the oil market on notice,” they wrote.