從有氧運動和低強度運動到休息日與一天鍛煉兩次,人們并不總是確定如何鍛煉,更重要的是,如何有效鍛煉。那么我們需要達到多大的運動量才能看到效果呢?
一項新的研究表明,這與你去健身房的時間長短無關,而與你去健身房的頻率有關。
研究人員在今年8月發表于《斯堪的納維亞醫學與體育科學雜志》(Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports)上的一項研究中,進行了為期四周的訓練計劃,評估了研究參與者的肌肉力量和線條或厚度。36名參與者在過去的六個月里沒有完成任何手臂阻力訓練,他們被要求遵循三種訓練計劃中的一種:每周五天,每天做一組6次重復;每周做一組6次重復(一次性完成);每周做五組6次重復(一次性完成)。參與者在一臺機器上進行“最大偏心收縮”,實際上就是在肱二頭肌彎舉時放下沉重的啞鈴。
訓練計劃結束后,對于每周五天,每天做一組6次重復訓練的小組,組員的肌肉力量增加了10%。對于每周做30次重復訓練的小組,組員的肌肉力量則沒有變化。對于每周做6次重復訓練的小組,組員的肌肉厚度或力量沒有變化。
“人們認為他們必須在健身房進行長時間的阻力訓練,但事實并非如此。” 該研究的作者、伊迪斯科文大學(Edith Cowan University)的運動和運動科學教授野坂?。↘en Nosaka)在一份新聞稿中說?!懊刻炀徛胤畔鲁林氐膯♀?,做一到六次就足夠了。”野坂還強調中間需要休息幾天。
根據美國疾病控制與預防中心(U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)的數據,目前的運動指南建議大多數成年人每周進行150分鐘的中等強度運動,或每周進行75分鐘的高強度運動。該指南還建議每周進行兩天力量訓練。
經過認證的力量和體能訓練專家、運動生理學家蘇西·賴納說,盡管頻繁進行阻力訓練是有益的,但這項研究中涉及的舉重訓練對剛開始鍛煉的人來說可能并不可行。賴納進一步指出,這種類型的舉重可能會導致遲發性肌肉酸痛(鍛煉后開始出現肌肉疼痛),甚至可能導致對鍛煉產生“負面”反應,這可能會阻止那些剛開始進行阻力訓練的人繼續鍛煉。
野坂說,正在進行的研究表明,鍛煉者無需像研究參與者那樣用力,也可以獲得類似的結果。
他在新聞稿中稱:“我們在這項研究中只使用了肱二頭肌彎舉訓練,但我們相信其他肌肉訓練也是如此,至少在某種程度上是這樣的?!?/p>
賴納指出,如果你要開始嘗試阻力訓練,就需要努力達到每周兩天力量訓練的一般體能指南要求,并持續增加頻率和重量。
從實際意義上說,頻繁地進行快速大負荷訓練可能對一些人有益,但并不是所有人。享受你所做的運動也會增強你增加頻率的欲望。
“雖然短時間的鍛煉聽起來很有吸引力,但要知道這些鍛煉是非常困難的,要為身體需求做好準備?!辟嚰{說?!跋胂霃拈L遠來看,哪些鍛煉對你來說是可持續的,哪些鍛煉你會堅持下來并最大限度參與,并隨著時間的推移會不斷加碼?!保ㄘ敻恢形木W)
譯者:中慧言-王芳
從有氧運動和低強度運動到休息日與一天鍛煉兩次,人們并不總是確定如何鍛煉,更重要的是,如何有效鍛煉。那么我們需要達到多大的運動量才能看到效果呢?
一項新的研究表明,這與你去健身房的時間長短無關,而與你去健身房的頻率有關。
研究人員在今年8月發表于《斯堪的納維亞醫學與體育科學雜志》(Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports)上的一項研究中,進行了為期四周的訓練計劃,評估了研究參與者的肌肉力量和線條或厚度。36名參與者在過去的六個月里沒有完成任何手臂阻力訓練,他們被要求遵循三種訓練計劃中的一種:每周五天,每天做一組6次重復;每周做一組6次重復(一次性完成);每周做五組6次重復(一次性完成)。參與者在一臺機器上進行“最大偏心收縮”,實際上就是在肱二頭肌彎舉時放下沉重的啞鈴。
訓練計劃結束后,對于每周五天,每天做一組6次重復訓練的小組,組員的肌肉力量增加了10%。對于每周做30次重復訓練的小組,組員的肌肉力量則沒有變化。對于每周做6次重復訓練的小組,組員的肌肉厚度或力量沒有變化。
“人們認為他們必須在健身房進行長時間的阻力訓練,但事實并非如此。” 該研究的作者、伊迪斯科文大學(Edith Cowan University)的運動和運動科學教授野坂健(Ken Nosaka)在一份新聞稿中說。“每天緩慢地放下沉重的啞鈴,做一到六次就足夠了?!币佰噙€強調中間需要休息幾天。
根據美國疾病控制與預防中心(U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)的數據,目前的運動指南建議大多數成年人每周進行150分鐘的中等強度運動,或每周進行75分鐘的高強度運動。該指南還建議每周進行兩天力量訓練。
經過認證的力量和體能訓練專家、運動生理學家蘇西·賴納說,盡管頻繁進行阻力訓練是有益的,但這項研究中涉及的舉重訓練對剛開始鍛煉的人來說可能并不可行。賴納進一步指出,這種類型的舉重可能會導致遲發性肌肉酸痛(鍛煉后開始出現肌肉疼痛),甚至可能導致對鍛煉產生“負面”反應,這可能會阻止那些剛開始進行阻力訓練的人繼續鍛煉。
野坂說,正在進行的研究表明,鍛煉者無需像研究參與者那樣用力,也可以獲得類似的結果。
他在新聞稿中稱:“我們在這項研究中只使用了肱二頭肌彎舉訓練,但我們相信其他肌肉訓練也是如此,至少在某種程度上是這樣的。”
賴納指出,如果你要開始嘗試阻力訓練,就需要努力達到每周兩天力量訓練的一般體能指南要求,并持續增加頻率和重量。
從實際意義上說,頻繁地進行快速大負荷訓練可能對一些人有益,但并不是所有人。享受你所做的運動也會增強你增加頻率的欲望。
“雖然短時間的鍛煉聽起來很有吸引力,但要知道這些鍛煉是非常困難的,要為身體需求做好準備?!辟嚰{說?!跋胂霃拈L遠來看,哪些鍛煉對你來說是可持續的,哪些鍛煉你會堅持下來并最大限度參與,并隨著時間的推移會不斷加碼?!保ㄘ敻恢形木W)
譯者:中慧言-王芳
From cardio and low-impact to rest days versus two-a-days, people are not always sure how to work out, and more important, how to work out effectively. So how much do we need to exercise to see results?
A new study suggests it’s not about the length of your gym visit but rather how often you go.
Researchers evaluated muscle strength and definition or thickness, following a four-week training program in a study published in August in the Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. The 36 participants had not completed any resistance training of their arms in the past six months and were asked to follow one of three training plans: one set of six repetitions for five days a week, one set of six reps once a week, and five sets of six reps once a week. The participants performed “maximal eccentric contractions” on a machine, which is essentially lowering a heavy dumbbell in a bicep curl.
After the program, muscle strength increased by 10% in the group doing one set of six reps for five days a week compared with no change in the group doing 30 reps once a week. For the group doing six reps once a week, there was no change in muscle thickness or strength.
“People think they have to do a lengthy session of resistance training in the gym, but that’s not the case,” says Ken Nosaka, author of the study and exercise and sports science professor at Edith Cowan University in a press release. “Just lowering a heavy dumbbell slowly once or six times a day is enough,” Nosaka says, who also emphasizes the need for a couple of rest days in between.
Current exercise guidelines recommend 150 minutes of moderate activity a week or 75 minutes of vigorous intensity a week for most adults, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The guidance also suggests two days of strength training per week.
Susie Reiner, a certified strength and conditioning specialist and exercise physiologist, says that while frequency in resistance training is beneficial, the heavy weight lifting used in the study might not be feasible for someone starting out. Reiner further notes this type of weight lifting could cause delayed onset muscle soreness (muscle pain that starts after you’ve worked out) and could even lead to a “negative” response to exercise, which may discourage someone from continuing a workout if they’re new to resistance training.
Developing research suggests exercisers may get similar results without having to push quite as hard as the study participants, Nosaka says.
“We only used the bicep curl exercise in this study, but we believe this would be the case for other muscles also, at least to some extent,” he says in the release.
If you’re beginning to experiment with resistance training, work toward meeting the general physical guidelines of two strength days a week and continue to build up frequency and weight, Reiner says.
In a practical sense, quick bursts of heavy loading frequently may be beneficial for some but not all. Enjoying the exercise you do also plays into your desire to add frequency.
“While a short workout sounds attractive, know that these workouts will be very difficult and be prepared for the physical demands,” says Reiner. “Think about what workouts are sustainable for you in the long run, which ones you will come back to and engage with the most, and keep progressing them over time.”