最新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，兒童感染新冠病毒后易患重病
ERIN PRATER
2022-08-16
紐約市，一名女子為一名女童戴上口罩。攝影：JOHN SMITH—VIEWPRESS/蓋蒂圖片社
美國衛(wèi)生官員上周四發(fā)布的一份最新報(bào)告稱，曾感染新冠的兒童和青少年患血栓、心臟疾病、腎衰竭和1型糖尿病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更高。
美國疾病預(yù)防控制中心（U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention）的研究人員檢查了2020年至2022年曾感染新冠的近80萬名0至17歲美國兒童的電子病歷，并與在同一時(shí)期內(nèi)未確診新冠的近250萬名兒童的病歷進(jìn)行了比對(duì)。
研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，被確診感染新冠的青少年在染病后一年內(nèi)肺部出現(xiàn)血栓的可能性大約是其他兒童的兩倍，患心肌炎、心肌病（導(dǎo)致心臟更難維持正常功能）或靜脈血栓的幾率是其他兒童的近兩倍。
研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)，他們患腎衰竭和1型糖尿病的幾率是其他兒童的約1.3倍。1型糖尿病是一種自身免疫性疾病，會(huì)破壞胰臟產(chǎn)生胰島素的能力。
后新冠癥狀是指在感染新冠后4周或更長時(shí)間內(nèi)新出現(xiàn)或反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的健康問題，又稱“長期新冠”，我們對(duì)它依舊缺乏理解。為了解釋后新冠癥狀或者同時(shí)出現(xiàn)的多種癥狀，各方做了許多努力。但疾控中心稱，這類研究主要關(guān)注的是成年人，而不是兒童。
新冠預(yù)防策略，包括接種疫苗等，是預(yù)防感染新冠、后新冠癥狀以及多系統(tǒng)炎癥綜合征（MIS-C）等新冠相關(guān)疾病的關(guān)鍵。多系統(tǒng)炎癥綜合征患者感染新冠后如果出現(xiàn)癥狀會(huì)完全康復(fù)，并且在4至12周內(nèi)身體狀態(tài)良好，之后卻會(huì)出現(xiàn)一種罕見的、可能致命的炎癥疾病。
美國官方最近公布的數(shù)據(jù)稱，美國每5名新冠患者中，就有一名患有長期新冠。預(yù)計(jì)有100萬美國人因?yàn)檫@類新癥狀所導(dǎo)致的醫(yī)療并發(fā)癥，而不得不離開勞動(dòng)力隊(duì)伍。
華盛頓特區(qū)國立兒童醫(yī)院（ Children’s National Hospital ）傳染病學(xué)專家亞歷山大·布魯格勒·楊茨在5月告訴《財(cái)富》雜志，預(yù)計(jì)有5%至10%的兒童新冠患者患有長期新冠。
她表示：“人們的想法是：‘只有5%而已，但要知道死亡率為1%，因此這依舊是一個(gè)嚴(yán)重的問題。’”
她補(bǔ)充道，在這個(gè)區(qū)間中，5%是真正患有長期新冠的兒童，我們目前仍在努力推算這個(gè)數(shù)字的意義。”（財(cái)富中文網(wǎng)）
譯者：劉進(jìn)龍
審校：汪皓
美國衛(wèi)生官員上周四發(fā)布的一份最新報(bào)告稱，曾感染新冠的兒童和青少年患血栓、心臟疾病、腎衰竭和1型糖尿病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更高。
美國疾病預(yù)防控制中心（U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention）的研究人員檢查了2020年至2022年曾感染新冠的近80萬名0至17歲美國兒童的電子病歷，并與在同一時(shí)期內(nèi)未確診新冠的近250萬名兒童的病歷進(jìn)行了比對(duì)。
研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，被確診感染新冠的青少年在染病后一年內(nèi)肺部出現(xiàn)血栓的可能性大約是其他兒童的兩倍，患心肌炎、心肌病（導(dǎo)致心臟更難維持正常功能）或靜脈血栓的幾率是其他兒童的近兩倍。
研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)，他們患腎衰竭和1型糖尿病的幾率是其他兒童的約1.3倍。1型糖尿病是一種自身免疫性疾病，會(huì)破壞胰臟產(chǎn)生胰島素的能力。
后新冠癥狀是指在感染新冠后4周或更長時(shí)間內(nèi)新出現(xiàn)或反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的健康問題，又稱“長期新冠”，我們對(duì)它依舊缺乏理解。為了解釋后新冠癥狀或者同時(shí)出現(xiàn)的多種癥狀，各方做了許多努力。但疾控中心稱，這類研究主要關(guān)注的是成年人，而不是兒童。
新冠預(yù)防策略，包括接種疫苗等，是預(yù)防感染新冠、后新冠癥狀以及多系統(tǒng)炎癥綜合征（MIS-C）等新冠相關(guān)疾病的關(guān)鍵。多系統(tǒng)炎癥綜合征患者感染新冠后如果出現(xiàn)癥狀會(huì)完全康復(fù)，并且在4至12周內(nèi)身體狀態(tài)良好，之后卻會(huì)出現(xiàn)一種罕見的、可能致命的炎癥疾病。
美國官方最近公布的數(shù)據(jù)稱，美國每5名新冠患者中，就有一名患有長期新冠。預(yù)計(jì)有100萬美國人因?yàn)檫@類新癥狀所導(dǎo)致的醫(yī)療并發(fā)癥，而不得不離開勞動(dòng)力隊(duì)伍。
華盛頓特區(qū)國立兒童醫(yī)院（ Children’s National Hospital ）傳染病學(xué)專家亞歷山大·布魯格勒·楊茨在5月告訴《財(cái)富》雜志，預(yù)計(jì)有5%至10%的兒童新冠患者患有長期新冠。
她表示：“人們的想法是：‘只有5%而已，但要知道死亡率為1%，因此這依舊是一個(gè)嚴(yán)重的問題。’”
她補(bǔ)充道，在這個(gè)區(qū)間中，5%是真正患有長期新冠的兒童，我們目前仍在努力推算這個(gè)數(shù)字的意義。”（財(cái)富中文網(wǎng)）
譯者：劉進(jìn)龍
審校：汪皓
Children and teens who’ve had COVID are at greater risk for blood clots, heart problems, kidney failure, and Type 1 diabetes, according to a new report released Thursday by U.S. health officials.
Researchers with the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention examined the electronic health records of nearly 800,000 U.S. children ages 0 through 17 who had COVID from 2020 through 2022, and compared them with that of nearly 2.5 million children who had not been diagnosed with COVID during the same time period.
They found that young people who had been diagnosed with COVID were about two times more likely to experience a blood clot in the lung—and nearly two times more likely to experience myocarditis, inflammation of the heart muscle; cardiomyopathy, a disease that makes it more difficult for the heart to function correctly; or blood clots in veins—in the year following their illness.
They were also roughly 1.3 times as likely to experience kidney failure, as well as Type 1 diabetes, an autoimmune disorder that destroys the pancreas’s ability to make insulin, according to the study.
Post-COVID conditions—defined as new or recurring health problems that occur four or more weeks after COVID infection, also known as “l(fā)ong COVID”—are poorly understood. Myriad efforts are underway to elucidate the condition—or multiple conditions. But such studies focus predominantly on adults, not children, according to the CDC.
COVID prevention strategies, including vaccination, are critical for preventing COVID, post-COVID conditions, and COVID-related diseases like MIS-C, or multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. MIS-C patients fully recover from COVID, if they even had symptoms, and are fine for four to 12 weeks before developing a rare, inflammatory-based illness that can be fatal.
Up to one in five American adults who’ve had COVID-19 are living with long COVID, U.S. officials have recently stated. And an estimated 1 million Americans have been forced to leave the labor force because of medical complications from the nascent condition.
An estimated 5% to 10% of children who’ve had COVID go on to develop long COVID, Dr. Alexandra Brugler Yonts, an infectious disease specialist at Children’s National Hospital in Washington, D.C., told?Fortune?in May.
“People are like, ‘Oh, it’s only 5%,’ but we talk about death being 1% and it’s still a big deal,” she said.
At the lower end of that range are kids with “true long COVID, whatever that means,” she added. “We’re still figuring it out.”
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