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因為通貨膨脹和利率上升給經(jīng)濟帶來的不確定性,各國決策者都在密切監(jiān)測全球各地的消費者行為。但或許他們對另一個重要群體給予的關(guān)注還不夠:企鵝。
上周,一段來自日本某新聞網(wǎng)絡(luò)的視頻火爆網(wǎng)絡(luò)。視頻中,日本箱根水族館(Hakone-en Aquarium)的企鵝拒食某種比它們吃慣了的品種要便宜的魚,以實際行動抗議園區(qū)這種削減成本應(yīng)對通貨膨脹的舉措。
“一開始,它們還是把魚放進了嘴里,但覺得不喜歡,就吐了。”水族館的負責(zé)人島本廣樹說,“它們覺察出了不對勁。”
不同于常見的竹莢魚(也稱馬鯖魚),水族館試著給企鵝喂一種更常見的鯖魚,名為saba魚,這種魚的個頭更大,而且從這種挑剔的、不會飛的鳥類的反應(yīng)來看,也沒有那么美味。在全日本新聞網(wǎng)(All-Nippon News Network)發(fā)布的這段視頻中,我們能夠看到,企鵝在飼養(yǎng)員給它們喂食新品種時,會把喙移開。
視頻中,水族館里的水獺也做出了類似的反應(yīng)。
島本向美國有線電視新聞網(wǎng)(CNN)下屬的朝日電視臺(TV Asahi)表示:“理想情況下,它們想吃的是一份完整的竹莢魚,卻不得不忍著性子吃鯖魚。”據(jù)島本介紹,除了降低飼料成本,水族館還打算關(guān)掉一些設(shè)備來節(jié)省電費。他們希望可以不用漲門票。
這家水族館的反應(yīng)說明,即便是相對較小的通脹也會對消費者支出產(chǎn)生重大影響。截至今年5月,日本通貨膨脹(包括食品價格,但不包括能源價格)較上年同期增長2.1%。
在將能源成本計算在內(nèi)的英國和美國,通脹率分別達到了9.1%和8.6%,均為40年來最高水平。歐元區(qū)的通脹率也達到了有史以來最高水平,為8.6%。全球其他國家也同樣受到通脹影響,南非和澳大利亞都創(chuàng)下了新的通脹紀錄。
除了不斷上升的通貨膨脹,日本還需要應(yīng)對本國貨幣貶值的挑戰(zhàn)。今年6月,日元對美元的匯率創(chuàng)下24年來新低。日元貶值的部分原因是,在其他國家的央行紛紛提高利率的情況下,日本央行(Bank of Japan)仍然維持著接近0.0%的寬松貨幣政策。
例如,瑞士央行(Swiss National Bank)在6月將利率上調(diào)50個基點,這是該行自2007年以來首次加息。歐洲央行(European Central Bank)預(yù)計本月將采取類似行動,而英國央行自去年12月以來已經(jīng)五次加息。
美聯(lián)儲(Federal Reserve)今年以來已經(jīng)加息三次,其中6月的加息為1994年以來幅度最大的一次。盡管經(jīng)濟衰退跡象已經(jīng)隱約可見,美聯(lián)儲仍然可能進一步加息。
為了維持經(jīng)濟增長,土耳其也采取了類似的寬松貨幣政策。自去年12月以來,土耳其一直將基準利率維持在14%,且沒有任何提高基準利率的苗頭。然而,與日本不同的是,土耳其的通脹情況全球倒數(shù),根據(jù)該國政府在7月4日公布的數(shù)據(jù),目前土耳其的通脹率為78.6%。
不過,即使日本的通脹可能繼續(xù)上升,也不會對企鵝構(gòu)成任何真正的威脅。“水族館里的所有動物都是我們的家人,我們會盡最大努力保證它們的健康。”島本說,“我們永遠不會強迫任何動物吃它們不想吃的食物。”(財富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:Agatha
因為通貨膨脹和利率上升給經(jīng)濟帶來的不確定性,各國決策者都在密切監(jiān)測全球各地的消費者行為。但或許他們對另一個重要群體給予的關(guān)注還不夠:企鵝。
上周,一段來自日本某新聞網(wǎng)絡(luò)的視頻火爆網(wǎng)絡(luò)。視頻中,日本箱根水族館(Hakone-en Aquarium)的企鵝拒食某種比它們吃慣了的品種要便宜的魚,以實際行動抗議園區(qū)這種削減成本應(yīng)對通貨膨脹的舉措。
“一開始,它們還是把魚放進了嘴里,但覺得不喜歡,就吐了。”水族館的負責(zé)人島本廣樹說,“它們覺察出了不對勁。”
不同于常見的竹莢魚(也稱馬鯖魚),水族館試著給企鵝喂一種更常見的鯖魚,名為saba魚,這種魚的個頭更大,而且從這種挑剔的、不會飛的鳥類的反應(yīng)來看,也沒有那么美味。在全日本新聞網(wǎng)(All-Nippon News Network)發(fā)布的這段視頻中,我們能夠看到,企鵝在飼養(yǎng)員給它們喂食新品種時,會把喙移開。
視頻中,水族館里的水獺也做出了類似的反應(yīng)。
島本向美國有線電視新聞網(wǎng)(CNN)下屬的朝日電視臺(TV Asahi)表示:“理想情況下,它們想吃的是一份完整的竹莢魚,卻不得不忍著性子吃鯖魚。”據(jù)島本介紹,除了降低飼料成本,水族館還打算關(guān)掉一些設(shè)備來節(jié)省電費。他們希望可以不用漲門票。
這家水族館的反應(yīng)說明,即便是相對較小的通脹也會對消費者支出產(chǎn)生重大影響。截至今年5月,日本通貨膨脹(包括食品價格,但不包括能源價格)較上年同期增長2.1%。
在將能源成本計算在內(nèi)的英國和美國,通脹率分別達到了9.1%和8.6%,均為40年來最高水平。歐元區(qū)的通脹率也達到了有史以來最高水平,為8.6%。全球其他國家也同樣受到通脹影響,南非和澳大利亞都創(chuàng)下了新的通脹紀錄。
除了不斷上升的通貨膨脹,日本還需要應(yīng)對本國貨幣貶值的挑戰(zhàn)。今年6月,日元對美元的匯率創(chuàng)下24年來新低。日元貶值的部分原因是,在其他國家的央行紛紛提高利率的情況下,日本央行(Bank of Japan)仍然維持著接近0.0%的寬松貨幣政策。
例如,瑞士央行(Swiss National Bank)在6月將利率上調(diào)50個基點,這是該行自2007年以來首次加息。歐洲央行(European Central Bank)預(yù)計本月將采取類似行動,而英國央行自去年12月以來已經(jīng)五次加息。
美聯(lián)儲(Federal Reserve)今年以來已經(jīng)加息三次,其中6月的加息為1994年以來幅度最大的一次。盡管經(jīng)濟衰退跡象已經(jīng)隱約可見,美聯(lián)儲仍然可能進一步加息。
為了維持經(jīng)濟增長,土耳其也采取了類似的寬松貨幣政策。自去年12月以來,土耳其一直將基準利率維持在14%,且沒有任何提高基準利率的苗頭。然而,與日本不同的是,土耳其的通脹情況全球倒數(shù),根據(jù)該國政府在7月4日公布的數(shù)據(jù),目前土耳其的通脹率為78.6%。
不過,即使日本的通脹可能繼續(xù)上升,也不會對企鵝構(gòu)成任何真正的威脅。“水族館里的所有動物都是我們的家人,我們會盡最大努力保證它們的健康。”島本說,“我們永遠不會強迫任何動物吃它們不想吃的食物。”(財富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:Agatha
Policymakers are scrutinizing consumer behavior throughout the world as rising inflation and interest rates inject uncertainty into the economy. But perhaps they haven't paid enough attention to another important group: penguins.
A video from a Japanese news network went viral last week showing penguins at the country’s Hakone-en Aquarium rejecting a cheaper type of fish than what they’re accustomed to feasting on, effectively protesting their caretakers’ efforts to cope with inflation by cutting costs.
“They take it into their mouths at first, but then they decide they don’t like it and drop it,” said aquarium head Hiroki Shimamoto. “They sense something is off.”
Rather than the usual aji, or Japanese horse mackerel, the aquarium has been trying to feed its penguins a more common type of mackerel called saba that’s larger and, according to the finicky, flightless birds, less appetizing. In the video from All-Nippon News Network, the penguins can be seen turning their beaks away when a caretaker offers them the alternative fish.
Otters at the aquarium have responded similarly, per the video.
“Ideally, they would like to have a full aji, but they are patiently eating mackerel,” Shimamoto told TV Asahi, a CNN affiliate. Beyond cutting down on fish costs, the aquarium has also looked to save on electricity costs by shutting down certain pieces of equipment, according to Shimamoto. The aquarium hopes to not raise its admission fee.
The aquarium’s actions demonstrate how even relatively minor inflation can have a significant impact on consumer spending. Inflation in Japan, which includes food prices but excludes energy, increased ?2.1% year-over-year as of May.
In the U.K and U.S., where energy costs are included in calculations, inflation has reached four-decade highs of 9.1% and 8.6% respectively. It’s also the highest it’s ever been in the eurozone, currently standing at 8.6%. It’s impacting other countries across the globe as well, with South Africa and Australia also hitting new inflation records.
In addition to rising inflation, Japan is also dealing with a weakened national currency, with the yen hitting a 24-year-low against the U.S. dollar in June. That decline in value is in part due to the Bank of Japan (BOJ) maintaining a loose monetary policy with interest rates near 0.0% even as central banks of other countries raise theirs.
The Swiss National Bank, for example, increased its interest rate 50 basis points in June in its first rate hike since 2007. The European Central Bank (ECB) is expected to take similar action this month, while the Bank of England has increased its interest rate five times since December.
The Federal Reserve in the U.S. has so far instituted three interest rate hikes this year,?including its biggest since 1994 in June. The bank will likely impose further hikes even as signs of an economic downturn loom.
One country that has similarly maintained a loose monetary policy for the sake of economic growth is Turkey, which has kept its baseline interest rate at 14% since December and has shown no signs of increasing it. Unlike Japan, however, Turkey’s rate of inflation is among the worst in the world, currently at 78.6% according to government data released on July 4.
The prospect of inflation continuing to increase in Japan doesn’t pose any real threat to its penguins, however. “All of the animals at the aquarium are family and we do our best to keep them healthy,” said Shimamoto. “We would never force any animal to eat what they don't want.”