2014年,Theranos的創始人及首席執行官伊麗莎白·霍爾姆斯成為全世界最年輕的白手起家的億萬富翁,登上了各家知名商業期刊的封面。
2022年,她再次登上了媒體頭條,但這一次完全是由于錯誤的原因。Hulu的最新劇集《輟學生》(The Dropout),讓霍爾姆斯及其與前任首席運營官桑尼·巴爾瓦尼的關系以及她的現狀,再次引起了人們的關注。
本文介紹了霍爾姆斯故事的背景,以及她和巴爾瓦尼的現狀和未來。
霍爾姆斯的崛起和倒下
霍爾姆斯幼年就夢想著成為億萬富翁。19歲時,她從斯坦福大學(Stanford University)肄業,創立了“革命性的”血液檢測初創公司Theranos。霍爾姆斯承諾,Theranos進行血液檢測不需要針頭,稱她“專有的”機器“Edison”只需要一個小針眼和一滴血,就能夠得出對240多種疾病的檢測結果,成本更低,而且速度更快。
霍爾姆斯的家族創建了美國第一家酵母公司,她是安然(Enron)前副總裁和美國國會助理的女兒。她顯赫的背景幫助Theranos找到了一些美國最重量級的人物。
她任命美國前國務卿亨利·基辛格和美國疾控中心(CDC)前主任威廉·福奇等名人加入公司董事會,并從輝瑞(Pfizer)和西夫韋(Safeway)等行業巨頭獲得了合同。她甚至說服甲骨文(Oracle)創始人拉里·埃里森和藥店行業巨頭沃爾格林(Walgreens)等投資她的初創公司,在尚未披露其技術原理的情況下就融資超過7億美元。
這種神秘感體現了公司的工作文化和伊麗莎白本人的作風。她雇傭保鏢為自己開車,在辦公室窗戶上安裝防彈玻璃,甚至禁止員工與其他部門的同事討論項目。霍爾姆斯享受媒體的關注,她曾經參加過TED演講(TED Talks),并與美國前總統比爾·克林頓和阿里巴巴創始人馬云等人同臺座談。到2014年,Theranos在40家沃爾格林藥店開設了檢測中心,公司估值達到驚人的90億美元。
盡管如此,有懷疑者開始對霍爾姆斯的說法提出質疑。
Theranos跌下神壇
2014年,Theranos的員工泰勒·舒爾茨曝光霍爾姆斯對檢測過程中的質量控制檢查漏洞視而不見。雖然受到霍爾姆斯的威脅,但泰勒依舊聯系了紐約的公共健康實驗室(Public Health Laboratory),指控Theranos篡改研究結果,并操縱實驗室的能力驗證。
到2015年,美國食品與藥品管理局(FDA)對Theranos展開調查,發現其對患者開展的檢測存在“嚴重錯誤”。例如,Theranos的性傳播疾病檢測號稱準確率達到95%。然而監管人員發現,準確率只有65%至80%。
《華爾街日報》(Wall Street Journal)的記者約翰·卡雷魯發表了一系列報道,揭露了霍爾姆斯的謊言和有缺陷的血液檢測結果,霍爾姆斯的罪行終于被曝光。不久之后,沃爾格林起訴Theranos,指控其誤導公司相信其技術的能力,要求賠償1.4億美元。2016年,美國證券交易委員會(SEC)以欺詐投資者和患者為由,突然指控霍爾姆斯及其前男友、Theranos首席運營官桑尼·巴爾瓦尼犯下11項重罪。2019年,Theranos徹底關閉。
罪行曝光
霍爾姆斯在2021年9月開始受審,在此期間檢察官和證人曝光了她的欺詐行為。以下是審判過程中曝光的最令人震驚的部分事實:
1. 為了獲得投資,霍爾姆斯聲稱全球最大的10家制藥公司都驗證了Theranos的結果。但事實并非如此。
2. 據稱,霍爾姆斯在實驗室結果上偽造了輝瑞的標識和信頭,并出示給投資者,讓投資者認為她與輝瑞達成了合作。
3. 為了隱瞞檢測結果不準確的事實,Theranos用在傳統機器上通過普通抽血得出的檢測結果,替換Edison的檢測報告;事實上,大部分檢測均是在普通機器上完成。
4. 舉報者證實,霍爾姆斯解雇了告訴她Edison無效的工程師。
5. Theranos的患者作證稱,該醫療科技公司提供了不實的檢測結果。患者布里塔尼·古爾德曾經被告知她出現了流產,但實際上胎兒非常健康。由于虛假的陽性檢測結果,她更換了用藥,可能對胎兒造成了傷害。
霍爾姆斯的辯護和桑尼·巴爾瓦尼
伊麗莎白·霍爾姆斯為自己辯護的主要理由是,她操控檢測結果是本著進步的精神,她只是想讓公司成功。她說:“失敗不是罪。”
她還將大多數罪行推給了前男友桑尼·巴爾瓦尼,稱他在兩人的關系中控制和虐待她,影響了她的決策。
霍爾姆斯的律師出示了一份手寫的便條,其中記錄了她的日常安排和陳述,霍爾姆斯稱巴爾瓦尼支配了她的一言一行。
便條最后幾行寫道:“我很少說話。即使講話的時候也是言簡意賅。我會馬上表示異議。我經常把手插在口袋里,或者擺出姿勢。”
巴爾瓦尼和律師否認了虐待指控,稱這些指控是“淫穢的和具有煽動性的”,并堅稱公司的最終決策者是霍爾姆斯而不是巴爾瓦尼。
但最近,巴爾瓦尼和霍爾姆斯之間的一系列短信往來被曝光,顯示巴爾瓦尼擁有更多權力。
據美國全國廣播公司(NBC)報道,巴爾瓦尼在發給霍爾姆斯的一條短信中寫道:“我負責Theranos的一切事務。”
伊麗莎白·霍爾姆斯是否將鋃鐺入獄?
經過漫長的審判,在聽取了近30名證人的證詞后,法院判決霍爾姆斯對投資者的四項刑事欺詐指控成立,被判入獄20年,每項罪名罰款25萬美元。陪審團宣布霍爾姆斯欺詐患者的罪名不成立。
由于這些罪名屬于非暴力的白領犯罪,有法律專家認為,霍爾姆斯可能只需要服刑三年,而且將在較為高檔的監獄內服刑,監獄的安保級別較低,還配備了許多設施,比如普拉提課、網球場和藝術課程等。她和丈夫比利·埃文斯的兒子最近出生,可能進一步縮短她的刑期。
白領辯護律師阿曼達·克雷默對美國國家公共廣播電臺(NPR)表示,霍爾姆斯案對可能試圖欺詐的公司所有人具有震懾效果。她指出,如果霍爾姆斯免于服刑,將“令人感到非常震驚。”
巴爾瓦尼因為欺詐和虐待指控正在單獨接受審判。克雷默稱,巴爾瓦尼的案件會影響霍爾姆斯的判決,因此法院將判決日期定在了2022年9月。
伊麗莎白·霍爾姆斯的現狀
伊麗莎白·霍爾姆斯曾經被譽為“下一個史蒂夫·喬布斯”,其資產凈值一度高達45億美元。據《福布斯》(Forbes)報道,霍爾姆斯目前已經失去了往日的榮光(和財富),現在的身家為0美元。霍爾姆斯以50萬美元獲得保釋,目前與丈夫和兒子生活在位于硅谷的格林蓋布爾斯(Green Gables)莊園,價值1.35億美元。
桑尼·巴爾瓦尼今何在?
巴爾瓦尼曾經任職于微軟(Microsoft)和Lotus等公司,在20世紀90年代末的互聯網泡沫期間成立了電子商務初創公司CommerceBid,賺取了大量財富。
互聯網泡沫破滅之后,他選擇繼續求學,37歲時參加一個暑期項目前往中國,并在那里遇到了18歲的伊麗莎白。三年后的2005年,兩人開始約會,巴爾瓦尼為霍爾姆斯提供了1300萬美元個人貸款,幫助她運營Theranos。
2009年,巴爾瓦尼成為公司總裁兼首席運營官,與霍爾姆斯共同掌管Theranos,直到2016年兩人分手后,巴爾瓦尼從公司辭職。作為Theranos的關鍵決策者,巴爾瓦尼被指控與霍爾姆斯犯有相同的罪名,并在2022年3月開始單獨接受審判。
據媒體報道,為了籌集資金應對訴訟,他以約1600萬美元的價格賣掉了曾經與霍爾姆斯共同擁有(后來被巴爾瓦尼買下)的豪宅。(財富中文網)
譯者:劉進龍
審校:汪皓
2014年,Theranos的創始人及首席執行官伊麗莎白·霍爾姆斯成為全世界最年輕的白手起家的億萬富翁,登上了各家知名商業期刊的封面。
2022年,她再次登上了媒體頭條,但這一次完全是由于錯誤的原因。Hulu的最新劇集《輟學生》(The Dropout),讓霍爾姆斯及其與前任首席運營官桑尼·巴爾瓦尼的關系以及她的現狀,再次引起了人們的關注。
本文介紹了霍爾姆斯故事的背景,以及她和巴爾瓦尼的現狀和未來。
霍爾姆斯的崛起和倒下
霍爾姆斯幼年就夢想著成為億萬富翁。19歲時,她從斯坦福大學(Stanford University)肄業,創立了“革命性的”血液檢測初創公司Theranos。霍爾姆斯承諾,Theranos進行血液檢測不需要針頭,稱她“專有的”機器“Edison”只需要一個小針眼和一滴血,就能夠得出對240多種疾病的檢測結果,成本更低,而且速度更快。
霍爾姆斯的家族創建了美國第一家酵母公司,她是安然(Enron)前副總裁和美國國會助理的女兒。她顯赫的背景幫助Theranos找到了一些美國最重量級的人物。
她任命美國前國務卿亨利·基辛格和美國疾控中心(CDC)前主任威廉·福奇等名人加入公司董事會,并從輝瑞(Pfizer)和西夫韋(Safeway)等行業巨頭獲得了合同。她甚至說服甲骨文(Oracle)創始人拉里·埃里森和藥店行業巨頭沃爾格林(Walgreens)等投資她的初創公司,在尚未披露其技術原理的情況下就融資超過7億美元。
這種神秘感體現了公司的工作文化和伊麗莎白本人的作風。她雇傭保鏢為自己開車,在辦公室窗戶上安裝防彈玻璃,甚至禁止員工與其他部門的同事討論項目。霍爾姆斯享受媒體的關注,她曾經參加過TED演講(TED Talks),并與美國前總統比爾·克林頓和阿里巴巴創始人馬云等人同臺座談。到2014年,Theranos在40家沃爾格林藥店開設了檢測中心,公司估值達到驚人的90億美元。
盡管如此,有懷疑者開始對霍爾姆斯的說法提出質疑。
Theranos跌下神壇
2014年,Theranos的員工泰勒·舒爾茨曝光霍爾姆斯對檢測過程中的質量控制檢查漏洞視而不見。雖然受到霍爾姆斯的威脅,但泰勒依舊聯系了紐約的公共健康實驗室(Public Health Laboratory),指控Theranos篡改研究結果,并操縱實驗室的能力驗證。
到2015年,美國食品與藥品管理局(FDA)對Theranos展開調查,發現其對患者開展的檢測存在“嚴重錯誤”。例如,Theranos的性傳播疾病檢測號稱準確率達到95%。然而監管人員發現,準確率只有65%至80%。
《華爾街日報》(Wall Street Journal)的記者約翰·卡雷魯發表了一系列報道,揭露了霍爾姆斯的謊言和有缺陷的血液檢測結果,霍爾姆斯的罪行終于被曝光。不久之后,沃爾格林起訴Theranos,指控其誤導公司相信其技術的能力,要求賠償1.4億美元。2016年,美國證券交易委員會(SEC)以欺詐投資者和患者為由,突然指控霍爾姆斯及其前男友、Theranos首席運營官桑尼·巴爾瓦尼犯下11項重罪。2019年,Theranos徹底關閉。
罪行曝光
霍爾姆斯在2021年9月開始受審,在此期間檢察官和證人曝光了她的欺詐行為。以下是審判過程中曝光的最令人震驚的部分事實:
1. 為了獲得投資,霍爾姆斯聲稱全球最大的10家制藥公司都驗證了Theranos的結果。但事實并非如此。
2. 據稱,霍爾姆斯在實驗室結果上偽造了輝瑞的標識和信頭,并出示給投資者,讓投資者認為她與輝瑞達成了合作。
3. 為了隱瞞檢測結果不準確的事實,Theranos用在傳統機器上通過普通抽血得出的檢測結果,替換Edison的檢測報告;事實上,大部分檢測均是在普通機器上完成。
4. 舉報者證實,霍爾姆斯解雇了告訴她Edison無效的工程師。
5. Theranos的患者作證稱,該醫療科技公司提供了不實的檢測結果。患者布里塔尼·古爾德曾經被告知她出現了流產,但實際上胎兒非常健康。由于虛假的陽性檢測結果,她更換了用藥,可能對胎兒造成了傷害。
霍爾姆斯的辯護和桑尼·巴爾瓦尼
伊麗莎白·霍爾姆斯為自己辯護的主要理由是,她操控檢測結果是本著進步的精神,她只是想讓公司成功。她說:“失敗不是罪。”
她還將大多數罪行推給了前男友桑尼·巴爾瓦尼,稱他在兩人的關系中控制和虐待她,影響了她的決策。
霍爾姆斯的律師出示了一份手寫的便條,其中記錄了她的日常安排和陳述,霍爾姆斯稱巴爾瓦尼支配了她的一言一行。
便條最后幾行寫道:“我很少說話。即使講話的時候也是言簡意賅。我會馬上表示異議。我經常把手插在口袋里,或者擺出姿勢。”
巴爾瓦尼和律師否認了虐待指控,稱這些指控是“淫穢的和具有煽動性的”,并堅稱公司的最終決策者是霍爾姆斯而不是巴爾瓦尼。
但最近,巴爾瓦尼和霍爾姆斯之間的一系列短信往來被曝光,顯示巴爾瓦尼擁有更多權力。
據美國全國廣播公司(NBC)報道,巴爾瓦尼在發給霍爾姆斯的一條短信中寫道:“我負責Theranos的一切事務。”
伊麗莎白·霍爾姆斯是否將鋃鐺入獄?
經過漫長的審判,在聽取了近30名證人的證詞后,法院判決霍爾姆斯對投資者的四項刑事欺詐指控成立,被判入獄20年,每項罪名罰款25萬美元。陪審團宣布霍爾姆斯欺詐患者的罪名不成立。
由于這些罪名屬于非暴力的白領犯罪,有法律專家認為,霍爾姆斯可能只需要服刑三年,而且將在較為高檔的監獄內服刑,監獄的安保級別較低,還配備了許多設施,比如普拉提課、網球場和藝術課程等。她和丈夫比利·埃文斯的兒子最近出生,可能進一步縮短她的刑期。
白領辯護律師阿曼達·克雷默對美國國家公共廣播電臺(NPR)表示,霍爾姆斯案對可能試圖欺詐的公司所有人具有震懾效果。她指出,如果霍爾姆斯免于服刑,將“令人感到非常震驚。”
巴爾瓦尼因為欺詐和虐待指控正在單獨接受審判。克雷默稱,巴爾瓦尼的案件會影響霍爾姆斯的判決,因此法院將判決日期定在了2022年9月。
伊麗莎白·霍爾姆斯的現狀
伊麗莎白·霍爾姆斯曾經被譽為“下一個史蒂夫·喬布斯”,其資產凈值一度高達45億美元。據《福布斯》(Forbes)報道,霍爾姆斯目前已經失去了往日的榮光(和財富),現在的身家為0美元。霍爾姆斯以50萬美元獲得保釋,目前與丈夫和兒子生活在位于硅谷的格林蓋布爾斯(Green Gables)莊園,價值1.35億美元。
桑尼·巴爾瓦尼今何在?
巴爾瓦尼曾經任職于微軟(Microsoft)和Lotus等公司,在20世紀90年代末的互聯網泡沫期間成立了電子商務初創公司CommerceBid,賺取了大量財富。
互聯網泡沫破滅之后,他選擇繼續求學,37歲時參加一個暑期項目前往中國,并在那里遇到了18歲的伊麗莎白。三年后的2005年,兩人開始約會,巴爾瓦尼為霍爾姆斯提供了1300萬美元個人貸款,幫助她運營Theranos。
2009年,巴爾瓦尼成為公司總裁兼首席運營官,與霍爾姆斯共同掌管Theranos,直到2016年兩人分手后,巴爾瓦尼從公司辭職。作為Theranos的關鍵決策者,巴爾瓦尼被指控與霍爾姆斯犯有相同的罪名,并在2022年3月開始單獨接受審判。
據媒體報道,為了籌集資金應對訴訟,他以約1600萬美元的價格賣掉了曾經與霍爾姆斯共同擁有(后來被巴爾瓦尼買下)的豪宅。(財富中文網)
譯者:劉進龍
審校:汪皓
In 2014, Theranos founder and CEO Elizabeth Holmes was dominating the front covers of renowned business magazines for being the youngest self-made billionaire in the world.
In 2022, she’s making headlines again ––but for all the wrong reasons. A recent Hulu series, The Dropout, has led to more interest in Holmes, her relationship with former COO Sunny Balwani, and where she is today.
Here's the background on Holmes' story, what she and Balwani are doing today, and what the future could hold.
Holmes' story and fall from grace
Holmes had a childhood dream of becoming a billionaire. At 19, she dropped out of Stanford to work on her "revolutionary" blood-testing startup called Theranos. With Theranos, Holmes promised to eliminate needles from the blood testing process, claiming that her "proprietary" machine called the "Edison" could deliver cheaper and faster results for over 240 diseases with a single pin-prick and a drop of blood.
Holmes was a descendant of the family that founded America’s first yeast company and was also the daughter of a former Enron VP and congressional aide. Her pedigreed background helped link Theranos with some of the biggest names in America.
She appointed luminaries like former Secretary of State Henry Kissinger and ex-director of CDC William Foege to her board of directors and landed contracts with industry giants like Pfizer and Safeway. She even convinced high-profilers like Oracle founder Larry Ellison and pharmacy leader Walgreens to invest in her startup, raising over $700 million without ever disclosing how her technology worked.
This secrecy reflected the company’s work culture and Elizabeth herself, who hired bodyguards to drive her around, installed bulletproof glass in her office windows, and forbade employees from discussing projects with workers in other departments. Holmes enjoyed the media spotlight, speaking at TED Talks and panels with Bill Clinton and Jack Ma. By 2014, Theranos had testing centers in 40 Walgreens stores and was valued at a whopping $9 billion.
But while all this was happening, skeptics started questioning Holmes’ claims.
A downward spiral for Theranos
In 2014, Theranos employee Tyler Schultz called out Holmes for ignoring failed quality control checks in the testing process. Despite receiving threats from Holmes, Tyler contacted the Public Health Laboratory in New York, alleging that Theranos was doctoring research and manipulating its proficiency testing.
By 2015, the FDA was investigating Theranos, finding “major inaccuracies” in the tests it was performing on patients. For example, a Theranos STD test claimed it was accurate 95% of the time. But regulators found the results to be accurate only 65% to 80% of the time.
Holmes’ misdeeds caught public attention when WSJ reporter John Carreyrou published a series of reports exposing her lies and flawed blood test results. Soon after, Walgreens sued Theranos for $140 million dollars for misleading them about the capabilities of the technology. In 2016, the SEC slapped Holmes and her ex-boyfriend and Theranos COO Sunny Balwani with 11 felony counts for fraud against investors and patients. Theranos completely shut down by 2019.
Holmes exposed
Holmes’ trial began in September 2021 and prosecutors and witnesses exposed her as a fraud. Here are some of the most shocking revelations of the trial:
1. To get investor funding, Holmes claimed that the world’s 10 largest pharmaceutical companies had validated Theranos’ results. They had not.
2. Holmes allegedly forged Pfizer’s logo and letterhead on the lab results she showed to investors to make them think she had contracts with Pfizer.
3. Theranos hid its inaccuracies by substituting Edison’s reports with results from regular blood draws done on traditional machines; in fact, most tests were run on regular machines.
4. Whistleblowers testified to Holmes firing engineers who told her the Edison didn’t work.
5. Ex-Theranos patients testified against the health tech company for providing faulty test results. One such patient was Brittany Gould, who was told that she was having a miscarriage when, in fact, she had a healthy pregnancy. Because of the false positive, she changed the medication she was taking, which could have harmed the fetus.
Holmes’ defense & Sunny Balwani
Elizabeth Holmes’ central defense was that her manipulations were in the spirit of progress and that she was simply trying to make the company succeed. “Coming up short is not a crime,” she said.
She also blamed her ex-partner Sunny Balwani for most of the wrongdoings, claiming that he controlled and abused her throughout their relationship, which hindered her decision-making.
Holmes’ lawyer presented a handwritten note that outlined her daily schedule and affirmations which, according to Holmes, Balwani dictated along with how she should act and speak.
“I speak rarely. When I do—CRISP and CONCISE. I call bullshit immediately. My hands are always in my pockets or gesturing,” the last few lines of the note read.
Balwani and his lawyers have denied the abuse claims, calling them “salacious and inflammatory” and remain firm that Holmes was the final decision-maker of the company, not Balwani.
But recently, a series of text exchanges between Balwani and Holmes came forward, suggesting Balwani had more power than he admits.
“I am responsible for everything at Theranos,” Balwani wrote in a text to Holmes, as reported by NBC.
Will Elizabeth Holmes go to prison?
After a lengthy trial and almost 30 witnesses, the court found Holmes guilty of four counts of criminal fraud against investors with 20 years in prison and a $250,000 fine for each of her convictions. The jury acquitted Holmes of charges of fraud against patients.
Because the conviction was for a non-violent, white-collar crime, legal experts think it’s likely that Holmes will only spend three years behind bars, and that too in a premium prison with low security and plenty of facilities like pilates classes, tennis courts, and arts programs. The recent birth of her baby boy with husband Billy Evans could further reduce her sentence.
White-collar defense lawyer Amanda Kramer told NPR that Holmes’ case is a deterrent for business owners who may intend to commit fraud. She said it would be "utterly shocking" if Holmes dodged imprisonment.
Balwani is going through a separate trial for fraud along with the abuse allegations. According to Kramer, Balwani’s case affects Holmes’ sentence, which is why the court has set her sentencing date in September 2022.
Where is Elizabeth Holmes right now?
Once touted “the next Steve Jobs” with a net worth of $4.5 billion, Elizabeth Holmes has fallen from grace (and money) and is now worth $0, according to Forbes. Currently out on a $500,000 bail bond, Holmes is living it up in her $135 million Green Gables estate in Silicon Valley with her husband and son.
Where is Sunny Balwani today?
After working at companies like Microsoft and Lotus, Sunny made his riches after founding his e-commerce startup CommerceBid at the peak of the dot-com bubble in the late 90s.
After the industry burst, he pursued further studies and, at 37, went to China as part of a summer program where he met 18-year-old Elizabeth. After 3 years in 2005, the two started dating and Sunny gave Holmes a $13 million personal loan to help fund Theranos.
In 2009, Sunny became the president and COO, reigning the Theranos C-suite with Holmes until the pair split in 2016 and he quit the company. As a key decision-maker in Theranos, Sunny has been charged with the same counts as Holmes and is going through a separate trial that began in March 2022.
It has been reported that he just sold the luxury home he and Holmes co-owned (later bought out by Balwani) for almost $16 million as he plows money for his ongoing litigation.