如果您想知道過去幾年住房作為一種資產類別表現如何,只要問問任何潛在的買家就能知道了。他們的沮喪會告訴你所有你需要知道的事情。
根據標準普爾-核心邏輯-凱斯席勒((S&P CoreLogic Case-Shiller)指數的數據,1月份年度房價漲幅達到了19.2%,是35年來第四高的數據。
但有趣的是,從市場的一個角落看,你永遠不會猜到這種好運氣會降臨到:房屋建筑商。
房屋建筑類股票在2022年遭受沉重打擊,使得許多只股票成為深度價值股。從年初至今,SPDR 標普房屋建造商指數基金(SPDR S&P Homebuilders ETF (XHB))已下跌超過20%,許多個人股的遠期市盈率在4或5的范圍內。
發生了什么事呢?“客廳里的大象——一個視而不見而明擺著的事實”是利率上升。30年期固定抵押貸款的平均利率最近超過5%,這是自2011年以來從未見過的水平。隨著美聯儲發出更多的加息信號以幫助抑制通貨膨脹,這將影響住房負擔能力——可能會遏制房價收益。
總部位于芝加哥的研究機構晨星公司(Morningstar)的工業股票研究主任布萊恩·伯納德(Brian Bernard)說:"一旦我們開始看到利率上升,我們就會預料到這一點。按揭貸款利率在很短的時間內一直在上升,房價是有史以來最高的,住房負擔能力是問題所在。"
由于供應鏈問題和全社會的通脹壓力,再加上材料價格的上漲,你就能明白為什么擔憂已經影響股票價格了。但是,正如經驗豐富的分析師所知道的那樣,市場往往在上行和下行方面都有超調的傾向。投資者已經對這些股票進行了懲罰,以至于出現了一些令人感興趣的價值。
美國銀行(Bank of America)的資深住宅建筑分析師雷夫·賈德羅西奇(Rafe Jadrosich)表示:"我們對住宅建筑股的前景持積極態度,實際上剛剛根據估值提升了其中一些股票,他們的盈利倍數非常低,其中很多都接近1倍的賬面價值或更低。這通常是估值見底的水平。"
對于那些擔心風險的人來說,請記住,房屋建筑商似乎已經從上一次住房危機中吸取了一些教訓。現在的業務往往圍繞著期權合約。這意味著這些公司可以選擇在土地上建房,但并沒有義務這樣做——因此,如果成本預算不可行,他們可以在沒有太大損失的情況下離開,而且不必將所有的土地納入自己的資產負債表。
更廣泛地說,該行業的基本面仍然是積極的。供應短缺是不可否認的,再加上人口現狀:龐大的千禧一代人群正經歷購房黃金期。
布萊恩·伯納德表示:"事實是,美國并沒有足夠的住房。目前有350萬套住房短缺,盡管我看到一些估計表示住房短缺高達550萬套。即使利率上升,減緩了需求,我們仍有很長的路要走來應對人口增長和人口趨勢,如千禧一代達到購房年齡。這是一個看漲的住房前景"。
當然,在短期內,房屋建筑商可能會繼續受到每次加息的打擊。但有耐心和足夠長時間表的投資者可能會得到很好的回報。以下是一些值得一看的房屋建筑商:
霍頓公司(D.R. Horton(DHI))。由于利率上升影響了負擔能力,更多的買家將被推向住房市場的入門級部分,而這正是霍頓公司的優勢所在。布萊恩·伯納德說,就體量而言,霍頓公司是美國最大的房屋建筑商,也是 "我的首選",其公允價值估計為113美元。穩健的資產負債表、較低價位的強勁表現以及輕資產的商業模式,意味著它應該能夠經受住任何住房市場的動蕩。
普爾特集團(PulteGroup(PHM))。投資者對這家價值100億美元的建筑商非常熟悉,但雷夫·賈德羅西奇表示: "在我們談及的所有房屋建筑商中,它的市凈率是最低的。"這也難怪,因為到目前為止,它在今年已經下跌了約25%。但鑒于其良好的股本回報率前景,即使是1.5倍賬面價值的適度估值,也會將其股價從目前略高于40美元的水平推高至58美元。摩根大通銀行(J.P Morgan)的分析師也是該集團的粉絲,他們將該集團的股票評級為 "增持",這得益于其誘人的 "估值貼現"。
萊納房產公司(Lennar Corp. (LEN))。這個大盤股的平均售價高于霍頓公司,而且萊納房產公司是美國收益最高的建筑商之一。該公司還涉足一些輔助業務,如多戶住宅開發,但該公司近年來一直在剝離非核心資產,專注于成為一家純粹的建筑商。該公司被晨星公司評為四星級,其公允價值估計為124美元。(您可以在此處閱讀《財富》雜志中肖恩·塔利(Shawn Tully) 關于萊納房產公司的專題報道。)
托爾兄弟公司(Toll Brothers(TOL))。這只股票代表了房屋建筑行業的高端建筑商。托爾兄弟公司并沒有出現在入門級市場中,而預計大多數集團的增長是在入門級市場中實現的。但從好的方面看,它的買家往往更富有——許多人以現金購買房屋,因此在購房時不會對利率那么敏感。美國銀行的目標是63美元,高于目前的46美元。雷夫·賈德羅西奇指出:"托爾兄弟公司資產負債表上三分之二的土地是在新冠肺炎疫情爆發之前購買的,當時的價格要低得多,我認為這些土地的賬面價值被低估了——股票甚至比看起來更便宜。"(財富中文網)
如果您想知道過去幾年住房作為一種資產類別表現如何,只要問問任何潛在的買家就能知道了。他們的沮喪會告訴你所有你需要知道的事情。
根據標準普爾-核心邏輯-凱斯席勒((S&P CoreLogic Case-Shiller)指數的數據,1月份年度房價漲幅達到了19.2%,是35年來第四高的數據。
但有趣的是,從市場的一個角落看,你永遠不會猜到這種好運氣會降臨到:房屋建筑商。
房屋建筑類股票在2022年遭受沉重打擊,使得許多只股票成為深度價值股。從年初至今,SPDR 標普房屋建造商指數基金(SPDR S&P Homebuilders ETF (XHB))已下跌超過20%,許多個人股的遠期市盈率在4或5的范圍內。
發生了什么事呢?“客廳里的大象——一個視而不見而明擺著的事實”是利率上升。30年期固定抵押貸款的平均利率最近超過5%,這是自2011年以來從未見過的水平。隨著美聯儲發出更多的加息信號以幫助抑制通貨膨脹,這將影響住房負擔能力——可能會遏制房價收益。
總部位于芝加哥的研究機構晨星公司(Morningstar)的工業股票研究主任布萊恩·伯納德(Brian Bernard)說:"一旦我們開始看到利率上升,我們就會預料到這一點。按揭貸款利率在很短的時間內一直在上升,房價是有史以來最高的,住房負擔能力是問題所在。"
由于供應鏈問題和全社會的通脹壓力,再加上材料價格的上漲,你就能明白為什么擔憂已經影響股票價格了。但是,正如經驗豐富的分析師所知道的那樣,市場往往在上行和下行方面都有超調的傾向。投資者已經對這些股票進行了懲罰,以至于出現了一些令人感興趣的價值。
美國銀行(Bank of America)的資深住宅建筑分析師雷夫·賈德羅西奇(Rafe Jadrosich)表示:"我們對住宅建筑股的前景持積極態度,實際上剛剛根據估值提升了其中一些股票,他們的盈利倍數非常低,其中很多都接近1倍的賬面價值或更低。這通常是估值見底的水平。"
對于那些擔心風險的人來說,請記住,房屋建筑商似乎已經從上一次住房危機中吸取了一些教訓。現在的業務往往圍繞著期權合約。這意味著這些公司可以選擇在土地上建房,但并沒有義務這樣做——因此,如果成本預算不可行,他們可以在沒有太大損失的情況下離開,而且不必將所有的土地納入自己的資產負債表。
更廣泛地說,該行業的基本面仍然是積極的。供應短缺是不可否認的,再加上人口現狀:龐大的千禧一代人群正經歷購房黃金期。
布萊恩·伯納德表示:"事實是,美國并沒有足夠的住房。目前有350萬套住房短缺,盡管我看到一些估計表示住房短缺高達550萬套。即使利率上升,減緩了需求,我們仍有很長的路要走來應對人口增長和人口趨勢,如千禧一代達到購房年齡。這是一個看漲的住房前景"。
當然,在短期內,房屋建筑商可能會繼續受到每次加息的打擊。但有耐心和足夠長時間表的投資者可能會得到很好的回報。以下是一些值得一看的房屋建筑商:
霍頓公司(D.R. Horton(DHI))。由于利率上升影響了負擔能力,更多的買家將被推向住房市場的入門級部分,而這正是霍頓公司的優勢所在。布萊恩·伯納德說,就體量而言,霍頓公司是美國最大的房屋建筑商,也是 "我的首選",其公允價值估計為113美元。穩健的資產負債表、較低價位的強勁表現以及輕資產的商業模式,意味著它應該能夠經受住任何住房市場的動蕩。
普爾特集團(PulteGroup(PHM))。投資者對這家價值100億美元的建筑商非常熟悉,但雷夫·賈德羅西奇表示: "在我們談及的所有房屋建筑商中,它的市凈率是最低的。"這也難怪,因為到目前為止,它在今年已經下跌了約25%。但鑒于其良好的股本回報率前景,即使是1.5倍賬面價值的適度估值,也會將其股價從目前略高于40美元的水平推高至58美元。摩根大通銀行(J.P Morgan)的分析師也是該集團的粉絲,他們將該集團的股票評級為 "增持",這得益于其誘人的 "估值貼現"。
萊納房產公司(Lennar Corp. (LEN))。這個大盤股的平均售價高于霍頓公司,而且萊納房產公司是美國收益最高的建筑商之一。該公司還涉足一些輔助業務,如多戶住宅開發,但該公司近年來一直在剝離非核心資產,專注于成為一家純粹的建筑商。該公司被晨星公司評為四星級,其公允價值估計為124美元。(您可以在此處閱讀《財富》雜志中肖恩·塔利(Shawn Tully) 關于萊納房產公司的專題報道。)
托爾兄弟公司(Toll Brothers(TOL))。這只股票代表了房屋建筑行業的高端建筑商。托爾兄弟公司并沒有出現在入門級市場中,而預計大多數集團的增長是在入門級市場中實現的。但從好的方面看,它的買家往往更富有——許多人以現金購買房屋,因此在購房時不會對利率那么敏感。美國銀行的目標是63美元,高于目前的46美元。雷夫·賈德羅西奇指出:"托爾兄弟公司資產負債表上三分之二的土地是在新冠肺炎疫情爆發之前購買的,當時的價格要低得多,我認為這些土地的賬面價值被低估了——股票甚至比看起來更便宜。"(財富中文網)
If you were wondering how residential housing has been doing as an asset class the last few years, just ask any potential buyers. Their despondence will tell you all you need to know.
Annual home-price gains were a scorching 19.2% in January, according to the S&P CoreLogic Case-Shiller Index: the fourth-hottest reading in 35 years.
But funnily enough, you’d never guess at this good fortune from looking at one corner of the market: homebuilders.
Such stocks have been battered and bruised in 2022, placing many names in seemingly deep-value territory. The SPDR S&P Homebuilders ETF (XHB) has sunk over 20% year-to-date, with the forward price/earnings ratios of many individual stocks in the ugly range of four or five.
So what gives? The elephant in the living room, of course, is rising interest rates. Average 30-year fixed mortgages recently crossed 5%, a level not seen since 2011. With the Federal Reserve signaling more rate hikes to help tamp down inflation, this will impact housing affordability—which could put the brakes on red-hot price gains.
“Once we started seeing interest rates go up, we were expecting this,” says Brian Bernard, director of industrials equity research for Chicago-based research shop Morningstar. “Mortgage rates have been increasing in a very short period of time, home prices are the highest they have ever been, and home affordability is becoming a concern.”
Throw in rising materials prices, thanks to supply-chain troubles and society-wide inflationary pressures, and you can see why worry has been baked into stock prices. But as seasoned analysts know, the market often tends to overshoot both on the upside and the downside. Investors have so punished these stocks already that some intriguing values have emerged.
“We have a positive outlook on homebuilder stocks, and actually just upgraded a few of them based on valuations,” says Rafe Jadrosich, senior homebuilders analyst for Bank of America. “Their earnings multiples are very low, and a lot of them are approaching 1x book value or below. This is typically around the level where valuations bottom out.”
For those worried about risk, keep in mind that homebuilders seem to have learned a few lessons from the last housing crisis. Business now often revolves around option contracts: That means these companies have the option of building on tracts, but not the obligation—so they can walk away without too much damage if it’s not cost-feasible, and don’t have to carry all that land on their own balance sheets.
More broadly, the fundamentals of the sector remain positive: an undeniable shortage of supply, combined with the demographic reality that the huge millennial generation is transiting through its prime homebuying years.
“The fact is, there is not enough housing in the U.S.,” says Bernard. “There is a shortage of 3.5 million homes, although I have seen some estimates as high as 5.5 million. Even if interest rates slow demand, we still have a long way to go to deal with population growth and demographic trends like millennials reaching homeowner age. This is a bullish outlook for housing.”
In the near term, of course, homebuilders will likely continue to get punched with every rate increase. But investors with patience and a long enough timeline could be nicely rewarded. A few homebuilders that are a worth a look:
D.R. Horton (DHI). As rising rates affect affordability, more buyers will be nudged toward the entry-level section of the housing market—and that’s where D.R. Horton is especially well-positioned. The nation’s largest homebuilder by volume, it is “my top pick,” says Bernard, with a fair-value estimate of $113. A solid balance sheet, strong presence at lower price points, and an asset-light business model means that it should be able to weather any housing-market turbulence.
PulteGroup (PHM). This $10 billion builder is very familiar to investors, but “across the universe of homebuilders we cover, it has the cheapest price-to-book ratio,” says Jadrosich. No wonder, since it is down around 25% on the year so far. But given its healthy return-on-equity outlook, even a modest valuation of 1.5x book value would boost its shares to $58, from its current level just over $40. Analysts from J.P Morgan are also fans, rating the stock “overweight” thanks to its appetizing “valuation discount.”
Lennar Corp. (LEN). This large-cap name has a higher average selling price than D.R. Horton, and is one of the nation’s top builders by revenue. It also has a presence in some ancillary businesses like multifamily developments, but has been spinning off non-core assets in recent years to focus on being a pure-play builder. It’s ranked four stars by Morningstar, with a fair-value estimate of $124. (You can read Shawn Tully's feature in Fortune about Lennar here.)
Toll Brothers (TOL). This stock represents the higher end of the homebuilding sector. It’s not as present in the entry-level slice of the market, where much of the group’s growth is expected to take place. But on the plus side, its buyers tend to be more well-heeled—many paying cash for their homes—and so won’t be as rate-sensitive in their buying decisions. Bank of America’s target: $63, up from its current $46. “Two-thirds of the land on their balance sheet was purchased pre-COVID, when prices were much lower,” Jadrosich points out. “I think the book value of that land is understated—and the stock is even cheaper than it looks.”