在美國(guó)有一句老話:“當(dāng)白人得了感冒的時(shí)候,黑人就會(huì)得肺炎。”
2020年,《紐約客》的一位專欄作家把這句話改了一下:“當(dāng)白人得了新冠的時(shí)候,黑人就會(huì)死。”
這種說(shuō)法并非沒(méi)有依據(jù)。根據(jù)美國(guó)疾控中心上周五發(fā)布的新冠肺炎發(fā)病率和死亡率周報(bào),從去年12月到今年1月,也就是奧密克戎BA.1型毒株最肆虐的時(shí)期,美國(guó)黑人的住院率幾乎比白人高出4倍。
這還是奧密克戎BA.2型毒株出現(xiàn)之前的事。BA.2型奧密克戎又稱“隱形奧密克戎”,據(jù)世界衛(wèi)生組織介紹,該型毒株從4月份開(kāi)始成為了全球的主要變異株。美國(guó)疾控中心指出,上周全美35%的新增病例都是由奧密克戎BA.2導(dǎo)致的。雖然它的致死率并未提高,但它的傳播性卻超過(guò)了BA.1型。只不過(guò)其傳播力的增加幅度并沒(méi)有從德?tīng)査綂W密克戎那樣大。
美國(guó)公共衛(wèi)生協(xié)會(huì)常務(wù)理事喬治·本杰明博士向《財(cái)富》表示:“現(xiàn)在的問(wèn)題是,和白人相比,美國(guó)的有色族裔群體患慢性病和其他基礎(chǔ)病的機(jī)率高得多,這樣一旦感染了新冠病毒,就會(huì)面臨更高的健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。”他還指出,美國(guó)的有色族裔群體多從事有聚集風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的藍(lán)領(lǐng)工作,這也是他們更容易染上新冠病毒的一個(gè)重要原因。
另一個(gè)主要原因是不同族裔群體的疫苗接種率存在差距,特別是加強(qiáng)針的接種率。
“我們?cè)谧屓藗兪状谓臃N新冠疫苗上做得比較好,可以說(shuō)在前期基本上拉平了不同族裔的接種率。”他表示。
“但我們?cè)诩訌?qiáng)針上做得并不成功。”
據(jù)美國(guó)疾控中心統(tǒng)計(jì),今年1月份,美國(guó)未接解種任何新冠疫苗的人,其住院率是接種過(guò)疫苗的人的12倍;而沒(méi)有接種過(guò)加強(qiáng)針的人,其住院率是接種過(guò)加強(qiáng)針者的3倍。
根據(jù)凱撒基金會(huì)今年三月份的一份報(bào)告(該報(bào)告援引了聯(lián)邦數(shù)據(jù)),已經(jīng)接種了加強(qiáng)針的美國(guó)人中,白人的比例達(dá)到了62%。
而黑人的比例只有8%。
本杰明認(rèn)為,這就是問(wèn)題所在。隨著隱形奧密克戎的進(jìn)一步傳播,黑人的高住院率很可能將持續(xù)下去,甚至有進(jìn)一步惡化的可能。
而這個(gè)問(wèn)題的解決方案,就是鼓勵(lì)有色群體接種加強(qiáng)針,同時(shí)盡量控制慢性病。
目前,通過(guò)聯(lián)邦撥款和各種渠道的資源,疫苗接種的障礙(比如交通和費(fèi)用問(wèn)題)已經(jīng)基本得到了解決。首先,目前疫苗仍然是免費(fèi)接種的,由政府財(cái)政買單。其次,如果有人因?yàn)槿狈煌üぞ叨鴽](méi)法出門的話,只要你是去診所打新冠疫苗的,你都可以在打車軟件Uber和Lyft上享受免費(fèi)或者折扣服務(wù)。一些地方政府也在努力為居家的病人提供上門接種服務(wù)。
不過(guò),本杰明也警告道,這種局面不會(huì)持續(xù)太久。拜登政府已經(jīng)要求國(guó)會(huì)增撥225億美元的緊急抗疫資金,并表示聯(lián)邦政府可能沒(méi)有足夠的資金讓所有美國(guó)人打上免費(fèi)的加強(qiáng)針。如果有必要的話,醫(yī)保里的新冠疫苗專項(xiàng)報(bào)銷資金也有可能在4月初就被砍掉。
另外,白宮還在3月15日的一份備忘錄中警告道,由于缺乏資金,各州對(duì)單抗體療法的撥款已經(jīng)被砍掉了30%。單抗體療法是一種很可能挽救重癥病人性命的療法。該備忘錄還表示:“政府已經(jīng)沒(méi)有錢采購(gòu)額外的單抗體療法,包括一批原定于3月25日采購(gòu)的訂單。”
最后,本杰明表示,國(guó)會(huì)必須行動(dòng)起來(lái),“這樣才能確保近期抗疫開(kāi)支不會(huì)出現(xiàn)斷崖式下跌,相關(guān)服務(wù)也不會(huì)突然叫停。否則有色族裔將受到不成比例的重大影響。”(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:樸成奎
在美國(guó)有一句老話:“當(dāng)白人得了感冒的時(shí)候,黑人就會(huì)得肺炎。”
2020年,《紐約客》的一位專欄作家把這句話改了一下:“當(dāng)白人得了新冠的時(shí)候,黑人就會(huì)死。”
這種說(shuō)法并非沒(méi)有依據(jù)。根據(jù)美國(guó)疾控中心上周五發(fā)布的新冠肺炎發(fā)病率和死亡率周報(bào),從去年12月到今年1月,也就是奧密克戎BA.1型毒株最肆虐的時(shí)期,美國(guó)黑人的住院率幾乎比白人高出4倍。
這還是奧密克戎BA.2型毒株出現(xiàn)之前的事。BA.2型奧密克戎又稱“隱形奧密克戎”,據(jù)世界衛(wèi)生組織介紹,該型毒株從4月份開(kāi)始成為了全球的主要變異株。美國(guó)疾控中心指出,上周全美35%的新增病例都是由奧密克戎BA.2導(dǎo)致的。雖然它的致死率并未提高,但它的傳播性卻超過(guò)了BA.1型。只不過(guò)其傳播力的增加幅度并沒(méi)有從德?tīng)査綂W密克戎那樣大。
美國(guó)公共衛(wèi)生協(xié)會(huì)常務(wù)理事喬治·本杰明博士向《財(cái)富》表示:“現(xiàn)在的問(wèn)題是,和白人相比,美國(guó)的有色族裔群體患慢性病和其他基礎(chǔ)病的機(jī)率高得多,這樣一旦感染了新冠病毒,就會(huì)面臨更高的健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。”他還指出,美國(guó)的有色族裔群體多從事有聚集風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的藍(lán)領(lǐng)工作,這也是他們更容易染上新冠病毒的一個(gè)重要原因。
另一個(gè)主要原因是不同族裔群體的疫苗接種率存在差距,特別是加強(qiáng)針的接種率。
“我們?cè)谧屓藗兪状谓臃N新冠疫苗上做得比較好,可以說(shuō)在前期基本上拉平了不同族裔的接種率。”他表示。
“但我們?cè)诩訌?qiáng)針上做得并不成功。”
據(jù)美國(guó)疾控中心統(tǒng)計(jì),今年1月份,美國(guó)未接解種任何新冠疫苗的人,其住院率是接種過(guò)疫苗的人的12倍;而沒(méi)有接種過(guò)加強(qiáng)針的人,其住院率是接種過(guò)加強(qiáng)針者的3倍。
根據(jù)凱撒基金會(huì)今年三月份的一份報(bào)告(該報(bào)告援引了聯(lián)邦數(shù)據(jù)),已經(jīng)接種了加強(qiáng)針的美國(guó)人中,白人的比例達(dá)到了62%。
而黑人的比例只有8%。
本杰明認(rèn)為,這就是問(wèn)題所在。隨著隱形奧密克戎的進(jìn)一步傳播,黑人的高住院率很可能將持續(xù)下去,甚至有進(jìn)一步惡化的可能。
而這個(gè)問(wèn)題的解決方案,就是鼓勵(lì)有色群體接種加強(qiáng)針,同時(shí)盡量控制慢性病。
目前,通過(guò)聯(lián)邦撥款和各種渠道的資源,疫苗接種的障礙(比如交通和費(fèi)用問(wèn)題)已經(jīng)基本得到了解決。首先,目前疫苗仍然是免費(fèi)接種的,由政府財(cái)政買單。其次,如果有人因?yàn)槿狈煌üぞ叨鴽](méi)法出門的話,只要你是去診所打新冠疫苗的,你都可以在打車軟件Uber和Lyft上享受免費(fèi)或者折扣服務(wù)。一些地方政府也在努力為居家的病人提供上門接種服務(wù)。
不過(guò),本杰明也警告道,這種局面不會(huì)持續(xù)太久。拜登政府已經(jīng)要求國(guó)會(huì)增撥225億美元的緊急抗疫資金,并表示聯(lián)邦政府可能沒(méi)有足夠的資金讓所有美國(guó)人打上免費(fèi)的加強(qiáng)針。如果有必要的話,醫(yī)保里的新冠疫苗專項(xiàng)報(bào)銷資金也有可能在4月初就被砍掉。
另外,白宮還在3月15日的一份備忘錄中警告道,由于缺乏資金,各州對(duì)單抗體療法的撥款已經(jīng)被砍掉了30%。單抗體療法是一種很可能挽救重癥病人性命的療法。該備忘錄還表示:“政府已經(jīng)沒(méi)有錢采購(gòu)額外的單抗體療法,包括一批原定于3月25日采購(gòu)的訂單。”
最后,本杰明表示,國(guó)會(huì)必須行動(dòng)起來(lái),“這樣才能確保近期抗疫開(kāi)支不會(huì)出現(xiàn)斷崖式下跌,相關(guān)服務(wù)也不會(huì)突然叫停。否則有色族裔將受到不成比例的重大影響。”(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:樸成奎
SCOTT OLSON/GETTY IMAGES
There's an old saying: When white America gets a cold, Black America gets pneumonia.
Or, as a columnist for The New Yorker put it in 2020, "When white America catches the novel coronavirus, Black Americans die."
Case in point: During the peak of Omicron (BA.1) in the U.S., December through January, Black adults were hospitalized at a rate nearly four times higher than white adults, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control's Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, released Friday.
And that was before Stealth Omicron, also known as BA.2, burst on the scene, becoming the dominant strain worldwide in April, according to the World Health Organization. Last week it was responsible for 35% of cases nationwide, according to the CDC. While not more lethal, Stealth Omicron is more transmissible than the initial Omicron, though the leap in transmissibility from Delta to Omicron was greater than that from Omicron to Stealth Omicron, according to the WHO.
"The problem we have is that communities of color are disproportionately impacted with chronic disease and the kinds of diseases that put you at higher risk of getting COVID," Dr. Georges Benjamin, executive director of the American Public Health Association, told Fortune, adding that people of color are also more likely to be exposed to COVID due to blue collar jobs that require in-person attendance.
Another major factor: the discrepancy in vaccination rates by race—booster rates, to be precise.
"We've done a good job of getting people their primary vaccination series; we really equalized the ratio disparities early on," Benjamin said.
"We have not been as successful with boosters."
Adults who had not received any COVID-19 vaccinations or who were un-boosted were 12 and 3 times more likely, respectively, to be hospitalized in January, according to the CDC.
Of U.S. residents who have received a booster dose of the COVID-19 vaccine, 62% were white, according to a March report by the Kaiser Family Foundation, citing federal data.
Only 8% were Black.
Therein lies the issue, Benjamin said, adding that the trend of disproportionate Black hospitalizations could continue, or even worsen, under a Stealth Omicron wave.
The solution: ensuring people of color are boosted and have optimal control of chronic diseases.
Vaccination barriers like transportation and cost have been reduced or eliminated by federal funding and programming from a variety of sources. Vaccines are still free, with the feds picking up the tab. Uber and Lyft offered free and discounted rides to vaccination clinics for people who lacked transportation. Local governments and other entities worked to bring vaccines to homebound patients.
But all that could change, Benjamin warned. The Biden administration has asked Congress for an additional $22.5 billion in emergency COVID funding, warning that the federal government doesn't have adequate funds to purchase a booster dose for all Americans, if required, and that funds that reimburse medical providers for caring for uninsured COVID patients will cut off in early April.
State allocations of potentially life-saving monoclonal antibody treatments were cut by 30%, last week due to lack of funding the White House warned in a March 15 memo, adding that the government "has no more funding for additional monoclonals, including for a planned order for March 25."
Congress must act "so that we don't have a funding cliff and a sudden loss of services in the near future," Benjamin said, adding, "That would disproportionately impact communities of color."