由于上海市在全民核酸檢測中發現了“大量”新冠肺炎感染病例,因此上海市政府在3月27日的晚些時候,突然對2600萬居民采取分區封城措施。
作為中國的金融中心,上海市將以黃浦江為界實行分區封城,持續9天時間,由醫護人員分階段開展核酸篩查。
位于上海市東部的居民已經開始居家隔離,包括網約車在內的所有公共交通暫停營運,許多企業和工廠也已經停產或遠程辦公。而黃浦江對岸的居民正在努力囤積物資,迎接即將到來的封城。在中國堅持動態清零政策的大背景下,這種場景日益普遍。
隨著奧密克戎變異毒株的病例增加,為了應對新冠疫情,深圳、東莞、長春和沈陽等城市已經執行了短期封城。未來可能會有更多的地區實行封城措施,因為中國政府似乎有意繼續嚴格執行疫情防控。
美國銀行(Bank of America)的分析師于3月28日在客戶報告中寫道:“盡管面臨大規模奧密克戎疫情帶來的挑戰,但中國在近期內不可能取消動態清零政策。”
上海居民要面對不斷增多的病例,還要承受因為封城而導致的收入減少,與此同時,全球經濟已經感受到了上海封城所引發的連鎖反應,從大宗商品的價格到電動汽車的生產都受到了影響。
油價暫時下跌
上海封城的消息傳出后,引發了人們對中國石油需求下降的擔憂,因為中國是全球最大的原油進口國,3月28日,油價下跌8%。
3月28日中午之前,國際基準原油布倫特原油的價格下跌超過6%,跌至約112美元/桶,西得克薩斯中質油的跌幅更大,跌破106美元/桶。
油價下跌給消費者帶來了一絲安慰,因為美國的汽油價格依舊接近歷史新高,而且有專家警告稱,目前的油價下跌只是暫時性的。
在線銀行瑞訊銀行(Swissquote)的高級分析師伊佩克·奧茲卡戴斯卡亞通過電子郵件告訴《財富》雜志:“為應對新冠疫情而執行的最新停工措施,預計只是油價長期上漲過程中的小插曲。封城對中期石油需求的影響必定有限,而供應緊張問題將給油價帶來巨大的上行壓力,尤其是沙特與胡塞武裝之間的沖突加劇了石油供應問題。
瑞銀全球財富管理(UBS Global Wealth Management)的首席投資官馬克·黑費勒在3月28日發布的一篇報告中表示,他認為中國正在竭盡所能減少封城對經濟的影響,同時全球市場正在努力替換俄羅斯的石油供應,因此油價依舊會高居不下。
“自俄烏沖突爆發以來,制裁和供應中斷導致局勢充滿了不確定性。我們認為,俄羅斯是一個重要的能源生產國,其他國家很難找到替代者。”黑費勒寫道。“雖然上海封城的消息在市場上產生了負面影響,但如果迅速采取的短期限制措施行之有效,市場依舊可能反彈。目前大宗商品仍然面臨價格上行的風險。”
工廠停工,“閉環”管理
上海封城導致當地的許多工廠暫時停工,但當局已經在竭盡全力避免生產延誤,包括在工廠實行“閉環”管理,即允許部分工廠繼續運行,不過工人不能離開廠區,并且需要遵守新冠檢測規定。
3月28日,根據當地政府的要求,特斯拉(Tesla)的上海超級工廠的組裝線被迫停工,這種情況可能要持續到3月31日,導致該工廠的日產量臨時減少約2000輛。
但通用汽車(GM)和大眾公司(Volkswagen)等企業的上海工廠將繼續運營,而且iPhone的供應商和碩(Pegatron)和中國最大的芯片廠商中芯國際集成電路制造有限公司的工廠也可以繼續開工。
美國銀行表示,如果封城時間較短,并且不會擴散到全國,那么制造業受到的影響就將是“可控的”,但中國服務業和消費領域受到的影響可能較為嚴重。
美國銀行的分析師寫道:“即使再次零星爆發短期疫情也會對消費領域造成嚴重沖擊,并且在新冠疫情結束之后的幾個月內,都會繼續影響消費者的信心。”
物流中斷
上海的封城措施已經給全市的供應鏈和物流運輸帶來了巨大的壓力。
雖然上海港口和浦東機場將繼續開放,但上海市的卡車司機發現他們很難甚至根本無法獲得允許卸貨的車輛通行證,導致這座城市的物流運輸出現問題。
Fibs Logistics的大中華區負責人托馬斯·格羅嫩在3月28日對媒體《The Loadstar》表示,未來幾天,上海各港口和中國最大的貨運機場浦東國際機場的貨物往返轉運“幾乎是不可能的”。
總部位于英國的物流公司Woodlands Group在一份聲明中稱:“卡車運輸已經受到了嚴重影響,導致準備今天裝船的大批貨物無法運輸到港口。”
為了避開上海周邊的供應鏈混亂,物流公司紛紛選擇附近的寧波港甚至更遠的青島港,但全球消費者或許能夠感受到上海供應鏈混亂所產生的影響。
但澳新銀行集團(Australia & New Zealand Banking Group)的大中華區首席經濟學家楊宇霆對彭博社(Bloomberg)表示,只要上海的封城時間不超過幾周時間,中國就有希望限制供應鏈受到的影響。(財富中文網)
翻譯:劉進龍
審校:汪皓
由于上海市在全民核酸檢測中發現了“大量”新冠肺炎感染病例,因此上海市政府在3月27日的晚些時候,突然對2600萬居民采取分區封城措施。
作為中國的金融中心,上海市將以黃浦江為界實行分區封城,持續9天時間,由醫護人員分階段開展核酸篩查。
位于上海市東部的居民已經開始居家隔離,包括網約車在內的所有公共交通暫停營運,許多企業和工廠也已經停產或遠程辦公。而黃浦江對岸的居民正在努力囤積物資,迎接即將到來的封城。在中國堅持動態清零政策的大背景下,這種場景日益普遍。
隨著奧密克戎變異毒株的病例增加,為了應對新冠疫情,深圳、東莞、長春和沈陽等城市已經執行了短期封城。未來可能會有更多的地區實行封城措施,因為中國政府似乎有意繼續嚴格執行疫情防控。
美國銀行(Bank of America)的分析師于3月28日在客戶報告中寫道:“盡管面臨大規模奧密克戎疫情帶來的挑戰,但中國在近期內不可能取消動態清零政策。”
上海居民要面對不斷增多的病例,還要承受因為封城而導致的收入減少,與此同時,全球經濟已經感受到了上海封城所引發的連鎖反應,從大宗商品的價格到電動汽車的生產都受到了影響。
油價暫時下跌
上海封城的消息傳出后,引發了人們對中國石油需求下降的擔憂,因為中國是全球最大的原油進口國,3月28日,油價下跌8%。
3月28日中午之前,國際基準原油布倫特原油的價格下跌超過6%,跌至約112美元/桶,西得克薩斯中質油的跌幅更大,跌破106美元/桶。
油價下跌給消費者帶來了一絲安慰,因為美國的汽油價格依舊接近歷史新高,而且有專家警告稱,目前的油價下跌只是暫時性的。
在線銀行瑞訊銀行(Swissquote)的高級分析師伊佩克·奧茲卡戴斯卡亞通過電子郵件告訴《財富》雜志:“為應對新冠疫情而執行的最新停工措施,預計只是油價長期上漲過程中的小插曲。封城對中期石油需求的影響必定有限,而供應緊張問題將給油價帶來巨大的上行壓力,尤其是沙特與胡塞武裝之間的沖突加劇了石油供應問題。
瑞銀全球財富管理(UBS Global Wealth Management)的首席投資官馬克·黑費勒在3月28日發布的一篇報告中表示,他認為中國正在竭盡所能減少封城對經濟的影響,同時全球市場正在努力替換俄羅斯的石油供應,因此油價依舊會高居不下。
“自俄烏沖突爆發以來,制裁和供應中斷導致局勢充滿了不確定性。我們認為,俄羅斯是一個重要的能源生產國,其他國家很難找到替代者。”黑費勒寫道。“雖然上海封城的消息在市場上產生了負面影響,但如果迅速采取的短期限制措施行之有效,市場依舊可能反彈。目前大宗商品仍然面臨價格上行的風險。”
工廠停工,“閉環”管理
上海封城導致當地的許多工廠暫時停工,但當局已經在竭盡全力避免生產延誤,包括在工廠實行“閉環”管理,即允許部分工廠繼續運行,不過工人不能離開廠區,并且需要遵守新冠檢測規定。
3月28日,根據當地政府的要求,特斯拉(Tesla)的上海超級工廠的組裝線被迫停工,這種情況可能要持續到3月31日,導致該工廠的日產量臨時減少約2000輛。
但通用汽車(GM)和大眾公司(Volkswagen)等企業的上海工廠將繼續運營,而且iPhone的供應商和碩(Pegatron)和中國最大的芯片廠商中芯國際集成電路制造有限公司的工廠也可以繼續開工。
美國銀行表示,如果封城時間較短,并且不會擴散到全國,那么制造業受到的影響就將是“可控的”,但中國服務業和消費領域受到的影響可能較為嚴重。
美國銀行的分析師寫道:“即使再次零星爆發短期疫情也會對消費領域造成嚴重沖擊,并且在新冠疫情結束之后的幾個月內,都會繼續影響消費者的信心。”
物流中斷
上海的封城措施已經給全市的供應鏈和物流運輸帶來了巨大的壓力。
雖然上海港口和浦東機場將繼續開放,但上海市的卡車司機發現他們很難甚至根本無法獲得允許卸貨的車輛通行證,導致這座城市的物流運輸出現問題。
Fibs Logistics的大中華區負責人托馬斯·格羅嫩在3月28日對媒體《The Loadstar》表示,未來幾天,上海各港口和中國最大的貨運機場浦東國際機場的貨物往返轉運“幾乎是不可能的”。
總部位于英國的物流公司Woodlands Group在一份聲明中稱:“卡車運輸已經受到了嚴重影響,導致準備今天裝船的大批貨物無法運輸到港口。”
為了避開上海周邊的供應鏈混亂,物流公司紛紛選擇附近的寧波港甚至更遠的青島港,但全球消費者或許能夠感受到上海供應鏈混亂所產生的影響。
但澳新銀行集團(Australia & New Zealand Banking Group)的大中華區首席經濟學家楊宇霆對彭博社(Bloomberg)表示,只要上海的封城時間不超過幾周時間,中國就有希望限制供應鏈受到的影響。(財富中文網)
翻譯:劉進龍
審校:汪皓
Shanghai authorities began a snap lockdown of the city’s 26 million residents late on March 27 after mass testing found "large-scale" COVID-19 infections throughout the financial hub.
The two-stage lockdown will split Shanghai along the Huangpu River for nine days to allow for "staggered" testing by healthcare workers.
Residents on the eastern side of Shanghai have already been confined to their homes as public transportation, including ride-hailing services, have been halted, while many firms and factories have suspended manufacturing or are working remotely. Across the river, residents are scrambling to secure supplies for the upcoming lockdown in a scene that has become increasingly common under China’s Zero-COVID policy.
Cities including Shenzhen, Dongguan, Changchun, and Shenyang have already faced strict, but short-lived lockdowns in China’s ongoing battle against rising Omicron cases. And more lockdowns could be possible moving forward, as authorities seem intent on maintaining strict restrictions in the country.
“China is unlikely to give up on its Zero Covid policy in the near term, despite challenges from the large Omicron wave,” Bank of America analysts wrote in a note to clients on March 28.
While Shanghai residents grapple with rising COVID-19 cases and lost wages from the city’s lockdown, the global economy is already seeing knock-on effects in everything from commodity prices to electric vehicle production.
Oil prices retreat—for now
Oil prices retreated as much as 8% on March 28 after news of Shanghai’s lockdown spurred fears about declining demand for oil from China, the world’s biggest crude importer.
Brent crude oil, the international benchmark, pared losses to trade down over 6% at around $112 per barrel by mid-day on March 28, while West Texas Intermediate crude sank even further, falling to under $106 per barrel.
The fall in the price of oil offers a glimmer of relief for consumers, as U.S. gasoline prices remain near record highs, but experts warn the current downward pricing trend may be short-lived.
“The new shutdown measures due to covid are expected to be short-term road bumps on a long up-trending road,” Ipek Ozkardeskaya, a senior analyst at the online bank Swissquote told Fortune via email. “The impact of the lockdowns on medium-term oil demand will certainly remain limited, whereas the tight supply concerns—which are amplified by the tensions in Saudi Arabia with the Houthi rebels—should keep oil prices under decent positive pressure.”
Mark Haefele, UBS Global Wealth Management’s chief investment officer, said in a note to clients on March 28 that he believes oil prices will remain elevated as China does all it can to minimize the economic impact of lockdowns and the global market struggles to replace Russian supply.
“Since the start of the war in Ukraine, sanctions and supply disruptions have kept the situation highly fluid. In our view, Russia is a significant energy producer that cannot be easily replaced by others,” Haefele wrote. “While the markets took the announcement negatively, a recovery remains likely if the short and swift restrictions prove effective. Risks to commodity prices remain skewed to the upside for now.”
Factory shutdowns, “closed-loop” systems
A number of factories in Shanghai have been closed temporarily as a result of the city’s lockdown, but authorities have done their best to prevent production delays by instituting “closed-loop” systems that will let some factories remain open as long as workers are confined to factory campuses and adhere to COVID-19 testing protocols.
Still, Tesla’s Shanghai gigafactory was forced to halt assembly lines at authorities’ request on March 28 and will likely remain closed through March 31, leading to a temporary loss of the factory’s daily production of around 2,000 cars.
But companies like GM and Volkswagen will continue to operate their Shanghai plants, while the iPhone supplier Pegatron and China’s largest chipmaker Semiconductor Manufacturing International have also been able to keep factories running.
Bank of America said the impact on manufacturing may be “manageable” if lockdowns are kept short and don’t spread throughout the country, but damage to China’s services sector and consumer consumption could be more significant.
“Even a sporadic and short-live Covid resurgence could bring notable shocks to consumption, and continue to weigh on consumer confidence for months after the Covid wave subsides,” Bank of America analysts wrote.
Logistics nightmares
Shanghai’s COVID-19 lockdown has already put significant pressure on supply chains and logistics operations around the city.
While Shanghai’s ports and the Pudong airport will remain open despite the lockdown, truckers around Shanghai are finding it difficult if not impossible to secure vehicle passes that allow them to unload their cargo in an ongoing logistics nightmare in the city.
Transfers to and from the city’s ports as well as to Pudong International Airport—China’s leading cargo airport—will be “nearly impossible” over the coming days, Thomas Gronen, head of the greater China region at Fibs Logistics, told The Loadstar on March 28.
“There is a significant disruption to truck movements already…leaving a large part of the cargo ready for loading today unable to be transported to the port,” UK-headquartered logistics provider Woodlands Group said in a statement.
Logistics companies are switching to the nearby Ningbo port or even the much further Qingdao port in an attempt to prevent supply chain chaos around Shanghai, but consumers worldwide will likely feel the impact of Shanghai’s supply chain turmoil.
China can, however, likely limit the damage to supply chains as long as lockdowns don’t persist past the next few weeks, Raymond Yeung, chief economist for Greater China at Australia & New Zealand Banking Group, told Bloomberg.