乍一看，這像是20世紀70年代才會出現的情景。
但能源危機卻讓這一切成為當下發生的現實狀況。
年邁的老人們興許還記得自己年輕時經歷的那“自我的十年”，記得喇叭褲、迪斯科……還有石油危機帶來的文化沖擊。那場危機讓高油耗汽車在一夜之間被淘汰，為多年經濟不景氣而帶來的痛苦埋下伏筆。
為應對俄烏沖突導致的石油價格飆升，3月18日，世界主要的能源監督機構提出了一項徹底的返古策略：建議推行城市周日無車日活動，并降低車輛在高速公路的最高時速。這一策略是一系列建議推行的緊急措施的一部分，旨在限制全球石油需求。
在俄烏沖突持續破壞全球石油供應之際，國際能源署（International Energy Agency）提出十項減少燃油需求的計劃。根據該機構的說法，如果計劃全面付諸實施，這些措施就將在四個月內讓石油需求每天減少270萬桶。
國際能源署在3月18日的新聞稿中表示：“當俄羅斯的大量石油供應不再進入市場，且即將進入7月和8月的石油需求高峰期之時，這些措施將大大減輕潛在壓力。”
限制俄羅斯石油供應
據國際能源署今年2月的報告顯示，俄羅斯是全球最大的石油出口國和世界第三大產油國。自俄烏沖突爆發以來，西方國家對俄羅斯宣布了一系列嚴厲的經濟制裁措施，美國和英國宣布禁止進口俄羅斯石油，使得俄羅斯在經濟上遭受重創。
據路透社（Reuters）報道，隨著歐盟（European Union）討論對俄羅斯實施石油禁運，供應問題可能變得更加嚴重。根據國際能源署今年3月關于石油市場的報告所示，由于經濟制裁，俄羅斯將損失石油總產量的大約三分之一。
本周晚些時候，美國總統喬·拜登將在比利時布魯塞爾會見北約（NATO）的領導人，討論如何加碼制裁俄羅斯，其中可能包括實施更多的禁運。
倡導更多人居家辦公？
國際能源署警告稱：全球各國可能很快就會面臨數十年來最大的石油供應沖擊，強調各國應該采取其十項計劃中列出的進一步預防措施。
3月18日，國際能源署的署長法提赫·比羅爾說：“國際能源署成員國已經介入以支持全球經濟發展。目前已經初步釋放了數百萬桶緊急石油庫存，此外我們也能夠根據需求采取進一步行動，以避免出現嚴重的石油危機。”
比羅爾補充道：“這些措施已經在多個國家試點，并證明了其有效性。我們提出的十項計劃可以避免出現嚴重的石油危機。”
在這些措施中，國際能源署還建議各國能夠將居家辦公時間延長至每周三天，鼓勵乘坐實惠便利的公共交通工具，此外，盡可能避免商務航空旅行，采取其他旅行方式。
國際能源署表示：“減少石油需求并不能完全依靠各國當局推行措施下達命令，其中有幾項可以由地方政府，例如州、地區或鄉鎮政府直接實施，或者由公民和企業自愿遵循，這樣一來，公民也能省錢。”（財富中文網）
譯者：ZHY
It’s looking a lot like the 1970s suddenly.
Energy crises have a way of doing that.
Those old enough to remember living through the “Me decade” remember the bell bottoms, the disco … and the culture shock of an oil crisis that made gas-guzzling cars obsolete overnight and set the stage for years of economic pain.
On March 18, the world’s leading energy watchdog suggested a downright retro strategy to cope with the skyrocketing price of oil amid war in Ukraine: car-free Sundays in cities and reduced speed limits on highways as part of a series of recommended emergency measures aimed at limiting global oil demand.
The International Energy Agency’s 10-point plan to cut oil use comes as the Russian invasion of Ukraine continues to rupture global oil supplies. According to the IEA, the plan would lower oil demand by 2.7 million barrels a day within four months if fully carried out.
“This would significantly reduce potential strains at a time when a large amount of Russian supplies may no longer reach the market and the peak demand season of July and August is approaching,” the organization wrote in March 18’s press release.
Moving away from Russian oil
Russia—the world’s largest exporter of oil to global markets and the third-largest oil-producing country in the world, according to the IEA’s Feb. report—has suffered economically since its unprovoked invasion of Ukraine prompted the Western world to dole out a string of harsh economic sanctions and outright bans on Russian oil from the U.S. and U.K.
The supply issue could continue to tighten as the European Union debates instituting its own embargo of Russian oil, according to Reuters. According to the IEA’s March report on the oil markets, Russia stands to lose roughly one-third of its total oil production due to economic sanctions.
Later this week, President Joe Biden will meet with NATO leaders in Brussels to discuss implementing further consequences for Russia’s invasion, which could include more embargoes.
More working from home?
As a result, the IEA is warning that the world may soon be facing its biggest oil supply shock in decades and stressed the importance of countries taking further preventative measures laid out in its 10-point plan.
“IEA Member Countries have already stepped in to support the global economy with an initial release of millions of barrels of emergency oil stocks, but we can also take action on demand to avoid the risk of a crippling oil crunch,” said IEA Executive Director Fatih Birol on March 18.
“Our 10-Point Plan shows this can be done through measures that have already been tested and proven in multiple countries,” Birol added.
Other recommendations in the IEA’s plan include working from home for up to three days a week, cheaper public transportation and avoiding business air travel if alternative options exist.
“Reducing oil demand does not depend solely on national governments,” the IEA said. “Several of the measures can be implemented directly by other layers of government – such as state, regional or local – or just voluntarily followed by citizens and corporates, enabling them to save money while showing solidarity with the people of Ukraine.”
