投資銀行和金融服務(wù)公司高盛集團(tuán)(Goldman Sachs)的魔法水晶球有用嗎?該公司在最新的一份報(bào)告中對(duì)自己的預(yù)測(cè)能力進(jìn)行了復(fù)盤。
在這篇名為《2021年的10個(gè)問題》(10 Questions for 2021)的回溯報(bào)告中,高盛回顧了自己在2020年年底的預(yù)測(cè),與實(shí)際情況進(jìn)行了對(duì)比。結(jié)果證明,大多數(shù)預(yù)測(cè)都是正確的。例如,分析師稱第三波疫情不會(huì)導(dǎo)致2021年第一季度的GDP再次下滑,全年GDP增長將超過普遍預(yù)期。
但一個(gè)事實(shí)大大超出了該公司的預(yù)期。
高盛預(yù)測(cè),到今年年底,核心個(gè)人消費(fèi)支出(PCE)通脹率不會(huì)超過2%。然而,該報(bào)告顯示,2021年的核心個(gè)人消費(fèi)支出同比增長了約4.56%。高盛稱:“我們?cè)绢A(yù)計(jì)通脹會(huì)在春季反彈至2%以上,原因是和去年同期疫情最嚴(yán)重時(shí)相比產(chǎn)生的基數(shù)效用,但會(huì)在下半年下降,因?yàn)橄M(fèi)將會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)向服務(wù)業(yè),生產(chǎn)問題會(huì)減少,商品價(jià)格的壓力因此得以減輕。”
供需不平衡疊加國外德爾塔變種毒株蔓延導(dǎo)致生產(chǎn)受限產(chǎn)生的“外溢效應(yīng)”,耐用品通脹出現(xiàn)飆升。該報(bào)告發(fā)現(xiàn),在核心服務(wù)方面,高盛低估了住房、食品服務(wù)和住宿價(jià)格的加速上漲,漲價(jià)是“在失業(yè)福利提升的同時(shí),工資大幅上漲轉(zhuǎn)嫁到消費(fèi)端的結(jié)果”。
今年的房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)異常火爆。房價(jià)上漲19.9%,創(chuàng)下自2020年8月至2021年8月12個(gè)月以來的最高紀(jì)錄。相比之下,據(jù)《財(cái)富》雜志計(jì)算,自1980年以來,美國房價(jià)的平均年增長率為4.6%。根據(jù)高盛的報(bào)告,2021年年底的住房通脹率同比約為3.7%。該公司在2020年年底預(yù)測(cè)的通脹率則為2.1%左右。今年春天,高盛表示,它“要持續(xù)大幅上調(diào)住房通脹率、上調(diào)依賴于低收入勞動(dòng)力的行業(yè)類別”來修正預(yù)測(cè)錯(cuò)誤。
美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)(U.S. Federal Reserve)開始縮減購債規(guī)模的時(shí)間也早于高盛的預(yù)測(cè)。為了對(duì)抗高通脹,美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)的主席鮑威爾于12月15日稱,該機(jī)構(gòu)將加快結(jié)束其債券資產(chǎn)購買計(jì)劃。該計(jì)劃正在穩(wěn)步推進(jìn),應(yīng)該于2022年年初結(jié)束。鮑威爾還暗示,美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)傾向于明年提高利率。
明年會(huì)怎么樣呢?高盛寫道:2022年將是穩(wěn)健的一年。到2022年年底,經(jīng)濟(jì)增長和通貨膨脹都將大幅下降。“但我們認(rèn)為,通脹可能會(huì)在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)保持高位,高到足以讓美國聯(lián)邦公開市場(chǎng)委員會(huì)(Federal Open Market Committee)三次加息,并且下決心處理資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表問題。”該公司寫道。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:Agatha
投資銀行和金融服務(wù)公司高盛集團(tuán)(Goldman Sachs)的魔法水晶球有用嗎?該公司在最新的一份報(bào)告中對(duì)自己的預(yù)測(cè)能力進(jìn)行了復(fù)盤。
在這篇名為《2021年的10個(gè)問題》(10 Questions for 2021)的回溯報(bào)告中,高盛回顧了自己在2020年年底的預(yù)測(cè),與實(shí)際情況進(jìn)行了對(duì)比。結(jié)果證明,大多數(shù)預(yù)測(cè)都是正確的。例如,分析師稱第三波疫情不會(huì)導(dǎo)致2021年第一季度的GDP再次下滑,全年GDP增長將超過普遍預(yù)期。
但一個(gè)事實(shí)大大超出了該公司的預(yù)期。
高盛預(yù)測(cè),到今年年底,核心個(gè)人消費(fèi)支出(PCE)通脹率不會(huì)超過2%。然而,該報(bào)告顯示,2021年的核心個(gè)人消費(fèi)支出同比增長了約4.56%。高盛稱:“我們?cè)绢A(yù)計(jì)通脹會(huì)在春季反彈至2%以上,原因是和去年同期疫情最嚴(yán)重時(shí)相比產(chǎn)生的基數(shù)效用,但會(huì)在下半年下降,因?yàn)橄M(fèi)將會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)向服務(wù)業(yè),生產(chǎn)問題會(huì)減少,商品價(jià)格的壓力因此得以減輕。”
供需不平衡疊加國外德爾塔變種毒株蔓延導(dǎo)致生產(chǎn)受限產(chǎn)生的“外溢效應(yīng)”,耐用品通脹出現(xiàn)飆升。該報(bào)告發(fā)現(xiàn),在核心服務(wù)方面,高盛低估了住房、食品服務(wù)和住宿價(jià)格的加速上漲,漲價(jià)是“在失業(yè)福利提升的同時(shí),工資大幅上漲轉(zhuǎn)嫁到消費(fèi)端的結(jié)果”。
今年的房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)異常火爆。房價(jià)上漲19.9%,創(chuàng)下自2020年8月至2021年8月12個(gè)月以來的最高紀(jì)錄。相比之下,據(jù)《財(cái)富》雜志計(jì)算,自1980年以來,美國房價(jià)的平均年增長率為4.6%。根據(jù)高盛的報(bào)告,2021年年底的住房通脹率同比約為3.7%。該公司在2020年年底預(yù)測(cè)的通脹率則為2.1%左右。今年春天,高盛表示,它“要持續(xù)大幅上調(diào)住房通脹率、上調(diào)依賴于低收入勞動(dòng)力的行業(yè)類別”來修正預(yù)測(cè)錯(cuò)誤。
美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)(U.S. Federal Reserve)開始縮減購債規(guī)模的時(shí)間也早于高盛的預(yù)測(cè)。為了對(duì)抗高通脹,美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)的主席鮑威爾于12月15日稱,該機(jī)構(gòu)將加快結(jié)束其債券資產(chǎn)購買計(jì)劃。該計(jì)劃正在穩(wěn)步推進(jìn),應(yīng)該于2022年年初結(jié)束。鮑威爾還暗示,美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)傾向于明年提高利率。
明年會(huì)怎么樣呢?高盛寫道:2022年將是穩(wěn)健的一年。到2022年年底,經(jīng)濟(jì)增長和通貨膨脹都將大幅下降。“但我們認(rèn)為,通脹可能會(huì)在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)保持高位,高到足以讓美國聯(lián)邦公開市場(chǎng)委員會(huì)(Federal Open Market Committee)三次加息,并且下決心處理資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表問題。”該公司寫道。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:Agatha
Is Goldman Sachs’ crystal ball working? The investment bank and financial services company gauges its predictive powers in a new report.
In A Retrospective on “10 Questions for 2021,” Goldman Sachs took a look back at what it predicted at the end of last year, and what actually happened. The majority of the predictions were spot-on. For instance, analysts wrote that a third wave of COVID-19 wouldn’t cause GDP to fall again in Q1 of 2021, and full-year GDP growth would exceed consensus expectations.
But there was a major surprise to one of the firm’s expectations.
Goldman predicted that core personal consumption expenditure (PCE) inflation would not exceed 2% at the end of the year. Instead, core PCE increased about 4.56% year over year, according to the report. “We expected inflation to bounce above 2% in the spring as we lapped the weakest pandemic base effects, but to come down in the second half of the year as consumption shifted back toward services and production problems diminished, relieving pressure on goods prices,” the firm noted.
The supply and demand imbalances and “spillover effects” from the Delta variant abroad constraining production factored into a spike in durable goods inflation. In regard to core services, Goldman Sachs underestimated the acceleration in housing, food services, and accommodation prices "driven by pass-through from large wage gains while enhanced unemployment benefits were in place,” the report found.
It was a red-hot housing market this year. Home prices appreciated at 19.9%, setting a 12-month record between August 2020 and August 2021. In comparison, the average rate of home price growth per year has been 4.6% since 1980, according to Fortune’s calculations. The housing inflation rate at the end of 2021 is approximately 3.7% year over year, according to Goldman Sachs’ report. The firm estimated in 2020 it would be about 2.1% year over year. In the spring, Goldman said it corrected prediction errors by "calling for a sharp and persistent increase in shelter inflation and a pickup in categories that depend on low-paid labor.”
The U.S. Federal Reserve also started tapering earlier than Goldman expected. To combat sky-high inflation, the Fed Chair Jerome Powell said on Dec. 15 the agency is accelerating the end of its bond asset-buying program. It’s now on track to conclude in early 2022. Powell also signaled the Fed favors raising interest rates next year.
As for what comes next? Goldman writes that 2022 will be a year of moderation. And by the end of 2022, both growth and inflation will come down sharply. “But we think inflation is likely to remain high for a while, high enough for the [Federal Open Market Committee] FOMC to deliver three rate hikes and begin balance sheet runoff next year,” the firm noted.