15%的失業者表示，沒法工作是因為心理問題
Nicole Goodkind
2021-12-16
一項新調查顯示，近15%的失業者認為沒法工作是因為心理健康問題。根據調查結果，美國人心理健康問題日益嚴重，所以很多人無法工作。
咨詢公司麥肯錫（McKinsey）周一的調查發現，將心理健康問題列為失業首要原因的人數比3月上升了2個百分點。
該項調查對象為5000名美國人，由此可見疫情對心理健康的巨大負面影響以及對就業的拖累。據凱撒家庭基金會（Kaiser Family Foundation）報道，疫情期間美國每10名成年人約有四人報告有焦慮或抑郁癥狀，而2019年1至6月期間，每10名成年人僅有一人稱存在此類癥狀。
疫情期間精神健康問題嚴重的另一個跡象是，超過十分之一成年人表示，疫情爆發以來開始喝酒或喝得越來越多。過量服用藥物致死人數也在增加，主要濫用藥品為合成類阿片。據報道，2020年約有9.3萬人死于藥物過量，是有史以來最高記錄，比2019年增加了30%。
調查顯示，總體而言健康是導致失業的重要原因，而身心健康是找工作的最大障礙。被問及為什么失業時，30%的受訪者（高于3月的27%）表示身體健康是原因之一。
放棄找工作的人們也認為健康問題是失業的主要原因。
調查還發現，難以獲得價格低廉的醫療服務是影響人們健康的最大障礙，緊隨其后的是難以獲得營養食品。很難獲得醫療服務的受訪者當中，約40%被診斷出患有精神健康問題或存在藥物濫用障礙。
總體來說，失業率已經從疫情期間的峰值恢復至疫情前的水平，最近的失業報告顯示失業率已將至4.2%。失業率降低有助于提升員工的樂觀情緒，目前近一半人表示能找到好工作，比起3月占比上升了7個百分點。
盡管如此，并不是每個人都過得很好。失去全職工作的人數仍高于疫情爆發前的2020年2月。長期失業人數占總失業人數的32%，變化不大。
此外，麥肯錫發現，大多數美國人處于財務危機邊緣。今年秋天，聲稱如果失業能支付兩個月以上費用的受訪者只有48%，略低于3月的50%。
造成這一情況的原因是通貨膨脹達到40年來最高水平，大大增加了生活成本。與此同時，員工薪資增加并沒跟上消費品價格上漲的幅度。（財富中文網）
譯者：夏林
一項新調查顯示，近15%的失業者認為沒法工作是因為心理健康問題。根據調查結果，美國人心理健康問題日益嚴重，所以很多人無法工作。
咨詢公司麥肯錫（McKinsey）周一的調查發現，將心理健康問題列為失業首要原因的人數比3月上升了2個百分點。
該項調查對象為5000名美國人，由此可見疫情對心理健康的巨大負面影響以及對就業的拖累。據凱撒家庭基金會（Kaiser Family Foundation）報道，疫情期間美國每10名成年人約有四人報告有焦慮或抑郁癥狀，而2019年1至6月期間，每10名成年人僅有一人稱存在此類癥狀。
疫情期間精神健康問題嚴重的另一個跡象是，超過十分之一成年人表示，疫情爆發以來開始喝酒或喝得越來越多。過量服用藥物致死人數也在增加，主要濫用藥品為合成類阿片。據報道，2020年約有9.3萬人死于藥物過量，是有史以來最高記錄，比2019年增加了30%。
調查顯示，總體而言健康是導致失業的重要原因，而身心健康是找工作的最大障礙。被問及為什么失業時，30%的受訪者（高于3月的27%）表示身體健康是原因之一。
放棄找工作的人們也認為健康問題是失業的主要原因。
調查還發現，難以獲得價格低廉的醫療服務是影響人們健康的最大障礙，緊隨其后的是難以獲得營養食品。很難獲得醫療服務的受訪者當中，約40%被診斷出患有精神健康問題或存在藥物濫用障礙。
總體來說，失業率已經從疫情期間的峰值恢復至疫情前的水平，最近的失業報告顯示失業率已將至4.2%。失業率降低有助于提升員工的樂觀情緒，目前近一半人表示能找到好工作，比起3月占比上升了7個百分點。
盡管如此，并不是每個人都過得很好。失去全職工作的人數仍高于疫情爆發前的2020年2月。長期失業人數占總失業人數的32%，變化不大。
此外，麥肯錫發現，大多數美國人處于財務危機邊緣。今年秋天，聲稱如果失業能支付兩個月以上費用的受訪者只有48%，略低于3月的50%。
造成這一情況的原因是通貨膨脹達到40年來最高水平，大大增加了生活成本。與此同時，員工薪資增加并沒跟上消費品價格上漲的幅度。（財富中文網）
譯者：夏林
Nearly 15% of unemployed people blame their lack of work on mental health problems, according to a new survey highlighting a growing problem that is keeping many Americans from getting jobs.
The number of those who cited mental health issues as their top cause of unemployment is up 2 percentage points from March, the survey by business consulting firm McKinsey on Monday found.
The findings, based on a survey of 5,000 Americans, show the pandemic's huge toll on mental health and its impact on employment. During the pandemic, about four in 10 adults in the U.S. reported symptoms of anxiety or depressive disorder, according to the Kaiser Family Foundation. That’s up from one in 10 adults who reported these symptoms from January to June 2019.
In another sign of mental health struggles during the pandemic, more than one in 10 adults have reported starting or increasingly use alcohol since COVID arrived. Deaths from drug overdoses also grew, largely due to synthetic opioids. About 93,000 drug overdose deaths were reported in 2020, the highest on record and a 30% increase from 2019.
Health, in general, is playing a huge role in unemployment, with physical and mental health representing the biggest barrier to finding work, according to the survey. When asked why they were currently unemployed, 30% of respondents (up from 27% in March) cited physical health as a reason.
Those who had stopped looking for work altogether also cited health concerns as the main cause of joblessness.
The survey also found that access to affordable healthcare is the greatest barrier to people's wellbeing, followed by access to nutritious food. About 40% of respondents who struggle with access to healthcare reported having been diagnosed with a mental-health issue or substance abuse disorder.
Overall, unemployment rates have recovered from their spike during pandemic, returning to a pre-COVID-era low of 4.2% in the most recent unemployment report. The low rate is helping to fuel increasing optimism among workers, with nearly half now saying good jobs are available to them, up 7 percentage points from March.
Still, not everyone is thriving. The number of people who have lost permanent jobs is still higher than it was in February of 2020, just before the pandemic. And the number of long-term unemployed, who make up 32% of total unemployment, is little changed.
Additionally, McKinsey found that most Americans are teetering on the financial brink. Just 48% of respondents said this fall that they could cover more than two months of expenses if they lost their jobs, a slight decline from 50% in March.
That decline comes as inflation reached a 40-year high, increasing the cost of living considerably. Worker’s wages, meanwhile, have not risen to keep up with the higher prices of consumer goods.
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