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零工不應“零信用”

Brandon Rembe
2021-11-09

許多零工勞動者被指“無銀行賬戶”或“無信用記錄”,因為他們很少或根本沒有傳統的信用記錄。

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評估信用度的方式需要與時俱進,適應非傳統職業。圖片來源:JEENAH MOON—BLOOMBERG/GETTY IMAGES

近年來,美國的勞動力大軍中估計有34%的人投身零工經濟。由于新冠疫情襲來,傳統經濟“關門閉店”,我們愈發依賴零工勞動者。

Envestnet-Yodlee的新冠疫情收支趨勢(COVID-19 Income and Spending Trends)數據顯示,即使經濟重啟,消費者卻繼續依賴零工服務,外賣配送和支出仍然增長50%以上。不過,雖然我們需要零工,但他們的經濟需求卻得不到滿足。

零工經濟中的大量機會吸引了許多失業和半失業的人,但傳統的信用評分依賴傳統職業,新興職業的信用記錄因此成了大難題。許多人想要積累信用,專注于尋找機會提高自己的傳統信用評分。在傳統信用評分外,金融服務提供商還應該采用另類數據,適應日益個性化、多樣化和現代化的經濟。

為什么零工無法積累信用記錄?

根據美國聯邦存款保險公司(Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation)最近的一項調查,每20戶美國家庭中就有超過一戶沒有銀行賬戶,或者說,總共有1410萬美國成年人沒有銀行賬戶。許多零工勞動者被指“無銀行賬戶”或“無信用記錄”,因為他們很少或根本沒有傳統的信用記錄。雖然號稱有收入,但難以查證準確的數額。這導致貸款機構猶豫不決,不愿意承擔向這一群體放貸的高風險。在某些情況下,依賴零工勞動者的平臺自行發放貸款、提供信貸機會,聊以慰藉。

幸運的是,附加數據點,例如消費者支付水電費或話費的能力,再結合傳統的信用評分,可以提高個人的信用度和還貸能力。這樣為從事零工經濟的人拓寬了積累信用的渠道。

雖然傳統的信用報告依然是衡量信用記錄和過往財務可靠性的有力指標,但新冠疫情之下的形勢表明,需要更加注重信用維持和使用另類數據來加強信用評分模型。另類數據可能有助于負責任地擴大消費者積累信用的機會,支持更具包容性的經濟。

信用的未來

我們今天看到的傳統信用報告由來已久,尚未適應許多以消費者為中心的科技創新發展。有清晰的銀行交易數據,能夠使貸款機構了解消費者消費和收入的頻率,從而明確可以用于支付賬單的資產。但在某些情況下,傳統的信用評分并不能夠完整地體現借款人的還貸能力。

在現代經濟中,還需要考慮附加數據,尤其是非常規數據。理想的解決方案是:在傳統的信用報告基礎上,結合考慮關于資產、收入和非信貸經常性支出的深入數據。在這個方面,高科技大顯身手,可以核實非傳統的零工勞動者的收入。

在后疫情時代,零工經濟崛起,金融服務業需要跟上形勢。銀行需要在風險評估中考慮使用另類數據。貸款機構將一切因素考慮在內,就能夠對風險決策更有信心,消費者也可以在金融服務中收獲更多。利用金融業掌握的所有信息,能夠更清楚地了解每個人的財務狀況。(財富中文網)

布蘭登·倫貝是Envestnet | Yodlee的首席產品官。他在打造高增長技術、軟件和信息服務公司方面擁有超過18年的經驗。

譯者:Transn

近年來,美國的勞動力大軍中估計有34%的人投身零工經濟。由于新冠疫情襲來,傳統經濟“關門閉店”,我們愈發依賴零工勞動者。

Envestnet-Yodlee的新冠疫情收支趨勢(COVID-19 Income and Spending Trends)數據顯示,即使經濟重啟,消費者卻繼續依賴零工服務,外賣配送和支出仍然增長50%以上。不過,雖然我們需要零工,但他們的經濟需求卻得不到滿足。

零工經濟中的大量機會吸引了許多失業和半失業的人,但傳統的信用評分依賴傳統職業,新興職業的信用記錄因此成了大難題。許多人想要積累信用,專注于尋找機會提高自己的傳統信用評分。在傳統信用評分外,金融服務提供商還應該采用另類數據,適應日益個性化、多樣化和現代化的經濟。

為什么零工無法積累信用記錄?

根據美國聯邦存款保險公司(Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation)最近的一項調查,每20戶美國家庭中就有超過一戶沒有銀行賬戶,或者說,總共有1410萬美國成年人沒有銀行賬戶。許多零工勞動者被指“無銀行賬戶”或“無信用記錄”,因為他們很少或根本沒有傳統的信用記錄。雖然號稱有收入,但難以查證準確的數額。這導致貸款機構猶豫不決,不愿意承擔向這一群體放貸的高風險。在某些情況下,依賴零工勞動者的平臺自行發放貸款、提供信貸機會,聊以慰藉。

幸運的是,附加數據點,例如消費者支付水電費或話費的能力,再結合傳統的信用評分,可以提高個人的信用度和還貸能力。這樣為從事零工經濟的人拓寬了積累信用的渠道。

雖然傳統的信用報告依然是衡量信用記錄和過往財務可靠性的有力指標,但新冠疫情之下的形勢表明,需要更加注重信用維持和使用另類數據來加強信用評分模型。另類數據可能有助于負責任地擴大消費者積累信用的機會,支持更具包容性的經濟。

信用的未來

我們今天看到的傳統信用報告由來已久,尚未適應許多以消費者為中心的科技創新發展。有清晰的銀行交易數據,能夠使貸款機構了解消費者消費和收入的頻率,從而明確可以用于支付賬單的資產。但在某些情況下,傳統的信用評分并不能夠完整地體現借款人的還貸能力。

在現代經濟中,還需要考慮附加數據,尤其是非常規數據。理想的解決方案是:在傳統的信用報告基礎上,結合考慮關于資產、收入和非信貸經常性支出的深入數據。在這個方面,高科技大顯身手,可以核實非傳統的零工勞動者的收入。

在后疫情時代,零工經濟崛起,金融服務業需要跟上形勢。銀行需要在風險評估中考慮使用另類數據。貸款機構將一切因素考慮在內,就能夠對風險決策更有信心,消費者也可以在金融服務中收獲更多。利用金融業掌握的所有信息,能夠更清楚地了解每個人的財務狀況。(財富中文網)

布蘭登·倫貝是Envestnet | Yodlee的首席產品官。他在打造高增長技術、軟件和信息服務公司方面擁有超過18年的經驗。

譯者:Transn

In recent years, the gig economy has grown to the extent that it now employs an estimated 34% of the U.S. workforce. Our reliance on gig workers was highlighted by the COVID-19 pandemic as many aspects of the traditional economy shut down.

Consumers continue to rely on these services even as economies reopen, with food delivery usage and spending both still up over 50%, according to Envestnet-Yodlee’s COVID-19 Income and Spending Trends data. However, while we need these workers, their financial needs are not being met.

Opportunities in the gig economy attract many unemployed and underemployed workers, but access to credit remains a significant hurdle for them, with traditional credit scores reliant on traditional employment. Many of these individuals fall into the category of credit builders, who are focused on seeking opportunities to raise their traditional scores. By using alternative data points alongside traditional credit scores, financial service providers can best serve our increasingly individualized, diverse, and modern economy.

Why are gig workers credit invisible?

According to a recent survey by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), over one in 20 U.S. households, or a total 14.1 million American adults, are unbanked. Many gig workers are described as “underbanked” or “credit invisible” because they have little or no traditional credit history. While reported income helps these consumers, accurate income can be difficult to obtain. This has led to hesitancy on the part of lenders, who were less likely to take on potential increased risk by lending to this demographic. In some cases, platforms that rely on gig workers are filling the gap for the underbanked by offering loans and credit opportunities to their de facto workforce.

Fortunately, additional data points, such as a consumers’ ability to pay utility or mobile phone bills, combined with traditional credit scores, can augment an individual’s creditworthiness and ability to pay back a loan. This process can allow for increased access to credit for those who support the gig economy.

While traditional credit reports remain a strong indicator of credit history and past financial reliability, the pandemic demonstrated a need for increased focus on credit maintenance and the use of alternative data to enhance credit scoring models. Alternative data has the potential to help responsibly expand consumer access to credit opportunities and support a more inclusive economy.

The future of credit

The way we see traditional credit reports today is reflective of a system that was created prior to many developments in consumer-focused technology innovation. Having clear bank transaction data allows lenders to understand how often consumers spend and earn income, which clarifies assets available to pay bills. But in some cases, a traditional credit score is no longer a full representation of a borrower’s ability to pay back a loan.

Additional data, especially nonconventional data, will best align with our modern economy. The ideal solution needs to combine traditional credit reports with insightful data on assets, income, and payment of noncredit recurring expenses. This is where technology provides a bridge to greater financial opportunity, with the ability to verify the income of workers with sporadic, nontraditional forms of work.

As the gig economy continues to grow in a post-COVID world, the financial services sector needs to do more. Banks need to consider using alternative data as part of risk assessments. By taking everything into consideration, lenders can be more confident in their risk decisions, and consumers can be more empowered in their financial journeys. And by leveraging all of the information already at the financial industry’s fingertips, we can paint a clearer picture of everyone’s financial status.

Brandon Rembe is the chief product officer at Envestnet | Yodlee. He has over 18 years of experience building high-growth technology, software, and information service companies.

財富中文網所刊載內容之知識產權為財富媒體知識產權有限公司及/或相關權利人專屬所有或持有。未經許可,禁止進行轉載、摘編、復制及建立鏡像等任何使用。
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