根據美國疾病控制與預防中心(Centers for Disease Control)的最新指南,美國一些完全接種過疫苗的免疫力低下人群,現在可以接受第四針新冠疫苗。
該中心稱,如果已經接受了Moderna或者輝瑞(Pfizer)的系列疫苗,免疫系統中度或嚴重受損的成年人現在有資格在接受第三劑疫苗的六個月后再接受第四劑疫苗。其實,早在今年8月,美國食品和藥品管理局(Food and Drug Administration)就為免疫力低下者開了綠燈,允許他們在接種第二針后四周接種第三針。
美國疾病控制與預防中心表示,免疫系統受損的人能夠接受任何授權的新冠疫苗增強劑,Moderna、輝瑞和強生(Johnson & Johnson)都可以,無論他們最初接種的是哪種疫苗。但是,第四次選擇注射Moderna疫苗的人只能夠注射一半的劑量(即50微克,通常第一、第二和第三次注射的劑量為100微克)。
另外,該中心建議,最初接受單劑量強生公司疫苗的免疫力低下者,在接種第一劑疫苗至少兩個月后,只需要一次來自任一品牌的加強劑。也就是說,在這種情況下,免疫力低下者應該只接受兩針新冠疫苗——一開始的強生疫苗和加上任何品牌的加強針——而不是四針。
免疫力低下人群大約占美國成年人口的3%。根據美國疾病控制與預防中心引用的研究,他們都更容易受到新冠病毒的感染,而且更難以從最常見的兩劑疫苗中獲得與免疫功能正常的人相同水平的免疫力。
另一項研究則表明,在導致住院治療的突破性病例中,完全接種疫苗的免疫功能低下者占到了大約44%。
該中心的名單顯示,符合免疫力低下條件者包括活躍的癌癥患者、器官移植接受者、在過去兩年內接受過干細胞移植的人、患有晚期或未經治療的艾滋病毒者,以及服用可能抑制免疫系統的藥物者等。
目前,除了免疫缺陷組外,任何其他組的人群都不允許注射第四劑疫苗。
根據美國疾病控制與預防中心的說法,新冠病毒的高風險人群——65歲及以上的個人,以及18至64歲有潛在疾病或工作、生活狀況使其處于高風險的人,只要他們的免疫系統正常,就不需要注射第四劑疫苗。但是,該中心和美國食品和藥品管理局建議他們在完全接種疫苗6個月后(如果最初接種的是強生疫苗,則是兩個月)注射加強劑。
目前,該中心“并未建議免疫缺陷人群”接受第四劑疫苗。其在指南中指出:“患者的臨床團隊最適合確定適當的疫苗接種時機。”
相反,目前美國疾病控制與預防中心的建議是,免疫缺陷的個體在完成mRNA疫苗系列28天之后,只接受第三劑疫苗。更新后的指南給了這組患者第四次注射的“選擇”,而非“建議”。(財富中文網)
編譯:楊二一
根據美國疾病控制與預防中心(Centers for Disease Control)的最新指南,美國一些完全接種過疫苗的免疫力低下人群,現在可以接受第四針新冠疫苗。
該中心稱,如果已經接受了Moderna或者輝瑞(Pfizer)的系列疫苗,免疫系統中度或嚴重受損的成年人現在有資格在接受第三劑疫苗的六個月后再接受第四劑疫苗。其實,早在今年8月,美國食品和藥品管理局(Food and Drug Administration)就為免疫力低下者開了綠燈,允許他們在接種第二針后四周接種第三針。
美國疾病控制與預防中心表示,免疫系統受損的人能夠接受任何授權的新冠疫苗增強劑,Moderna、輝瑞和強生(Johnson & Johnson)都可以,無論他們最初接種的是哪種疫苗。但是,第四次選擇注射Moderna疫苗的人只能夠注射一半的劑量(即50微克,通常第一、第二和第三次注射的劑量為100微克)。
另外,該中心建議,最初接受單劑量強生公司疫苗的免疫力低下者,在接種第一劑疫苗至少兩個月后,只需要一次來自任一品牌的加強劑。也就是說,在這種情況下,免疫力低下者應該只接受兩針新冠疫苗——一開始的強生疫苗和加上任何品牌的加強針——而不是四針。
免疫力低下人群大約占美國成年人口的3%。根據美國疾病控制與預防中心引用的研究,他們都更容易受到新冠病毒的感染,而且更難以從最常見的兩劑疫苗中獲得與免疫功能正常的人相同水平的免疫力。
另一項研究則表明,在導致住院治療的突破性病例中,完全接種疫苗的免疫功能低下者占到了大約44%。
該中心的名單顯示,符合免疫力低下條件者包括活躍的癌癥患者、器官移植接受者、在過去兩年內接受過干細胞移植的人、患有晚期或未經治療的艾滋病毒者,以及服用可能抑制免疫系統的藥物者等。
目前,除了免疫缺陷組外,任何其他組的人群都不允許注射第四劑疫苗。
根據美國疾病控制與預防中心的說法,新冠病毒的高風險人群——65歲及以上的個人,以及18至64歲有潛在疾病或工作、生活狀況使其處于高風險的人,只要他們的免疫系統正常,就不需要注射第四劑疫苗。但是,該中心和美國食品和藥品管理局建議他們在完全接種疫苗6個月后(如果最初接種的是強生疫苗,則是兩個月)注射加強劑。
目前,該中心“并未建議免疫缺陷人群”接受第四劑疫苗。其在指南中指出:“患者的臨床團隊最適合確定適當的疫苗接種時機。”
相反,目前美國疾病控制與預防中心的建議是,免疫缺陷的個體在完成mRNA疫苗系列28天之后,只接受第三劑疫苗。更新后的指南給了這組患者第四次注射的“選擇”,而非“建議”。(財富中文網)
編譯:楊二一
Certain fully vaccinated immunocompromised individuals in the U.S. may now receive a fourth COVID-19 shot, according to new guidance from the Centers for Disease Control.
Provided that they received their primary vaccine series from either Moderna or Pfizer, adults with moderately or severely compromised immune systems are now eligible to receive a fourth dose six months after they received a third dose, according to the CDC. Immunocompromised individuals were given the green light by the Food and Drug Administration back in August to receive a third dose four weeks after getting their second.
The CDC said those with compromised immune systems can receive any authorized COVID-19 booster—Moderna, Pfizer, or Johnson & Johnson—as their fourth dose regardless of which vaccine they originally were given. People who receive Moderna for their fourth shot, though, will be given just a half dose (50 micrograms as compared with the usual 100 micrograms given for the first, second, and third Moderna jabs).
On the other hand, the CDC recommends that immunocompromised people who originally received the single-dose Johnson & Johnson vaccine get just one booster shot of any approved brand at least two months after receiving the primary dose. That is, in this case, immunocompromised individuals should receive just two total COVID-19 vaccine shots as opposed to four: the original Johnson & Johnson dose and the booster of any brand.
Immunocompromised individuals make up roughly 3% of the U.S. adult population, and they are both more vulnerable to COVID-19 and less likely to build the same level of immunity from a two-dose vaccine series as those who are not immunocompromised, according to studies cited by the CDC.
Other studies showed that fully vaccinated immunocompromised people made up roughly 44% of breakthrough cases that resulted in hospitalization.
Those who qualify as immunocompromised include active cancer patients, organ transplant recipients, people who have received stem cell transplants within the past two years, individuals with advanced or untreated HIV, and those taking drugs that may suppress the immune system, among others, according to a CDC list.
A fourth dose is currently not allowed for any other groups besides the immunocompromised.
Those who are at high-risk of COVID-19—individuals 65 and older as well as people ages 18 to 64 with underlying medical conditions or jobs or living situations that put them at high risk—should not receive a fourth dose as long as they have normal, functioning immune systems, according to the CDC. However, they are advised by the CDC and FDA to receive a booster shot six months after becoming fully vaccinated (two months if originally given J&J).
Currently, the CDC “does not have a recommendation for immunocompromised people” to receive a fourth dose and noted within this guidance that “a patient’s clinical team is best positioned to determine the appropriate timing of vaccination.”
Instead, the current CDC recommendation is for immunocompromised individuals to just receive a third dose 28 days after completing an mRNA vaccine series. Still, the updated guidelines give this group the option of receiving a fourth dose.