在存錢買房時(shí),大多數(shù)美國(guó)人都以為按照慣例,他們需要存夠房?jī)r(jià)的20%作為首付。
但美國(guó)房地產(chǎn)經(jīng)紀(jì)人協(xié)會(huì)(National Association of Realtors)的人口統(tǒng)計(jì)與行為分析副總裁杰西卡·勞茲表示,首付20%“是最大的謬論” 。
勞茲告訴《財(cái)富》雜志,2020年,美國(guó)首次購(gòu)房者的首付比例中位數(shù)只有7%,自1989年以來(lái)也沒(méi)有超過(guò)10%。事實(shí)上,72%的首次購(gòu)房者今年支付的首付款不超過(guò)20%。
這是因?yàn)樵S多首次購(gòu)房者使用了低首付計(jì)劃和補(bǔ)助,例如基金Chenoa Fund、HomeReady抵押貸款、Home Possible抵押貸款,以及美國(guó)住房和城市發(fā)展部(U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development)提供的各種聯(lián)邦支持貸款和各州推出的項(xiàng)目等。
勞茲說(shuō):“很可惜,有些潛在購(gòu)房者不知道這些項(xiàng)目,或許他們可以更快地?fù)碛凶约旱姆孔印!?/p>
Redfin的首席經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家達(dá)里爾·費(fèi)爾韋瑟也同意這種觀點(diǎn),他認(rèn)為購(gòu)房人并非一直都需要支付兩成首付。費(fèi)爾韋瑟告訴《財(cái)富》雜志:“你甚至能夠支付3%的首付,只是大部分購(gòu)房人選擇支付更多的首付款?!?/p>
但勞茲和費(fèi)爾韋瑟都認(rèn)為,目前市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈,因此支付更高比例的首付甚至全款買房可能是一種競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)。美國(guó)房地產(chǎn)經(jīng)紀(jì)人協(xié)會(huì)的調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn),今年有接近四分之一購(gòu)房人(23%)提交了全款報(bào)價(jià)。費(fèi)爾韋瑟稱:“購(gòu)房人應(yīng)該針對(duì)他們計(jì)劃在特定地區(qū)購(gòu)買的房屋類型,調(diào)查市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)狀況。”
另外值得注意的一點(diǎn)是,首付低于20%的購(gòu)房人可能需要支付私人抵押貸款保險(xiǎn),這會(huì)增加購(gòu)房開(kāi)支,不利于提高房屋凈值。費(fèi)爾韋瑟指出:“在經(jīng)濟(jì)條件允許的情況下,最好首付不低于20%,尤其是在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈的市場(chǎng),你可能要與其他財(cái)力雄厚的購(gòu)房人競(jìng)價(jià)。在賣方市場(chǎng),賣房人通常更愿意選擇首付比例更高的購(gòu)房人?!?/p>
但勞茲表示,如果購(gòu)房人希望首付不超過(guò)兩成,他們也有各種選擇。她認(rèn)為,或許他們需要與全款購(gòu)房人競(jìng)爭(zhēng),但賣房人有時(shí)候會(huì)因?yàn)槠渌恍┮蛩囟淖冎饕猓热珈`活的交割日期或者支付更高所謂誠(chéng)信保證金等。誠(chéng)信保證金通常為房款的1%至3%。如果交易進(jìn)展順利,這筆保證金就通??梢杂糜谥Ц督桓钯M(fèi)用或首付款。
費(fèi)爾韋瑟指出,購(gòu)房人也能夠先首付20%通過(guò)抵押貸款預(yù)先核準(zhǔn),然后在建立第三方托管賬戶時(shí)調(diào)整為更低的首付比例。他補(bǔ)充說(shuō):“如果你的存款足夠首付20%,但你不愿意花光所有儲(chǔ)蓄,這就是一種很好的選擇。”(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))
翻譯:劉進(jìn)龍
審校:汪皓
在存錢買房時(shí),大多數(shù)美國(guó)人都以為按照慣例,他們需要存夠房?jī)r(jià)的20%作為首付。
但美國(guó)房地產(chǎn)經(jīng)紀(jì)人協(xié)會(huì)(National Association of Realtors)的人口統(tǒng)計(jì)與行為分析副總裁杰西卡·勞茲表示,首付20%“是最大的謬論” 。
勞茲告訴《財(cái)富》雜志,2020年,美國(guó)首次購(gòu)房者的首付比例中位數(shù)只有7%,自1989年以來(lái)也沒(méi)有超過(guò)10%。事實(shí)上,72%的首次購(gòu)房者今年支付的首付款不超過(guò)20%。
這是因?yàn)樵S多首次購(gòu)房者使用了低首付計(jì)劃和補(bǔ)助,例如基金Chenoa Fund、HomeReady抵押貸款、Home Possible抵押貸款,以及美國(guó)住房和城市發(fā)展部(U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development)提供的各種聯(lián)邦支持貸款和各州推出的項(xiàng)目等。
勞茲說(shuō):“很可惜,有些潛在購(gòu)房者不知道這些項(xiàng)目,或許他們可以更快地?fù)碛凶约旱姆孔?。?/p>
Redfin的首席經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家達(dá)里爾·費(fèi)爾韋瑟也同意這種觀點(diǎn),他認(rèn)為購(gòu)房人并非一直都需要支付兩成首付。費(fèi)爾韋瑟告訴《財(cái)富》雜志:“你甚至能夠支付3%的首付,只是大部分購(gòu)房人選擇支付更多的首付款?!?/p>
但勞茲和費(fèi)爾韋瑟都認(rèn)為,目前市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈,因此支付更高比例的首付甚至全款買房可能是一種競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)。美國(guó)房地產(chǎn)經(jīng)紀(jì)人協(xié)會(huì)的調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn),今年有接近四分之一購(gòu)房人(23%)提交了全款報(bào)價(jià)。費(fèi)爾韋瑟稱:“購(gòu)房人應(yīng)該針對(duì)他們計(jì)劃在特定地區(qū)購(gòu)買的房屋類型,調(diào)查市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)狀況?!?/p>
另外值得注意的一點(diǎn)是,首付低于20%的購(gòu)房人可能需要支付私人抵押貸款保險(xiǎn),這會(huì)增加購(gòu)房開(kāi)支,不利于提高房屋凈值。費(fèi)爾韋瑟指出:“在經(jīng)濟(jì)條件允許的情況下,最好首付不低于20%,尤其是在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈的市場(chǎng),你可能要與其他財(cái)力雄厚的購(gòu)房人競(jìng)價(jià)。在賣方市場(chǎng),賣房人通常更愿意選擇首付比例更高的購(gòu)房人。”
但勞茲表示,如果購(gòu)房人希望首付不超過(guò)兩成,他們也有各種選擇。她認(rèn)為,或許他們需要與全款購(gòu)房人競(jìng)爭(zhēng),但賣房人有時(shí)候會(huì)因?yàn)槠渌恍┮蛩囟淖冎饕?,比如靈活的交割日期或者支付更高所謂誠(chéng)信保證金等。誠(chéng)信保證金通常為房款的1%至3%。如果交易進(jìn)展順利,這筆保證金就通常可以用于支付交割費(fèi)用或首付款。
費(fèi)爾韋瑟指出,購(gòu)房人也能夠先首付20%通過(guò)抵押貸款預(yù)先核準(zhǔn),然后在建立第三方托管賬戶時(shí)調(diào)整為更低的首付比例。他補(bǔ)充說(shuō):“如果你的存款足夠首付20%,但你不愿意花光所有儲(chǔ)蓄,這就是一種很好的選擇?!保ㄘ?cái)富中文網(wǎng))
翻譯:劉進(jìn)龍
審校:汪皓
When it comes to saving for and buying a home, most Americans rely on the general rule of thumb that they need to have 20% of the home price saved for the down payment.
But the 20% down payment is “the biggest myth that’s out there,” said Jessica Lautz, vice president of demographics and behavioral insights at the National Association of Realtors (NAR).
Last year, the median down payment for first-time homebuyers was just 7%, and it hasn’t risen above 10% since 1989, Lautz told Fortune. In fact, 72% of first-time homebuyers put down less than 20% for their down payment this year.
That’s because there are actually a lot of first-time homebuyers who take advantage of low down-payment programs and assistance, such as the Chenoa Fund, the HomeReady and Home Possible mortgages, as well as a variety of federally backed loans through the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and state programs.
“Unfortunately there are potential homebuyers who are out there and not aware these programs exist, and maybe could enter homeownership significantly faster,” Lautz said.
Redfin chief economist Daryl Fairweather agrees, saying that a 20% down payment is not always necessary. “You may be able to put as little as 3% down, though most buyers put down more,” Fairweather told Fortune.
But both Lautz and Fairweather said that in today’s competitive market, it can be an advantage to come in with a higher down payment, or even better, an all-cash offer. Nearly a quarter of homebuyers, 23%, submitted an all-cash offer for a home this year, according to NAR’s research. “Buyers should research how competitive the market is for the type of home they want to buy in their area,” Fairweather said.
It’s also worth noting that homebuyers who put down less than 20% will likely have to pay for private mortgage insurance, which is an added housing expense that doesn’t help with building home equity. “If you can afford it, offering to put down at least 20% is ideal, especially in a competitive market like this one where you’ll likely compete against other well-financed buyers in bidding wars,” Fairweather said. “When sellers can choose from multiple offers, they usually prefer higher down-payment amounts.”
Those who are looking to put down less than 20% for their down payment do have options, however, Lautz said. Although they may be competing with all-cash offers, she noted that sometimes sellers can be swayed by things like being flexible with closing dates or putting more money toward the so-called earnest money check, which is a good faith deposit that typically ranges from 1% to 3% of the home price. If the sale goes smoothly, that money can typically then be applied to help cover closing costs or to the down payment.
There’s also nothing stopping homebuyers from getting preapproved for a mortgage with a 20% down payment, then switching to a lower down payment during escrow, Fairweather said. “That can be a good option if you have the savings for a 20% down payment but you don’t feel comfortable putting your entire life savings on the line,” he added.